CHAPTER 12 TEST REVIEW

CHAPTER 12 TEST REVIEW

DNA, Protein Synthesis and Viruses

#2 Which Scientist(s)?

• HINT 1: worked on finding DNA structure

• HINT 2: stole the Photo 51

• HINT 3: also got Nobel Prize

• ANSWER: Maurice (the beast) Wilkins (G)

#2 Which Scientist(s)?

• HINT 1: worked on finding DNA structure

• HINT 2: used x-ray crystallography Photo 51

• HINT 3: a woman

• ANSWER: Rosalind Franklin (A)

#2 Which Scientist(s)?

• HINT 1: worked on finding DNA structure• HINT 2: first put bases on outside instead of

inside• HINT 3: won Nobel prize for finding DNA

structure

• ANSWER: Watson and Crick (E)

#2 Which Scientist(s)?

• HINT 1: Found DNA to be the genetic material

• HINT 2: used bacteriophages• HINT 3:used “hot” sulfur and

phosphorus

• ANSWER: Hershey and Chase (C)

#2 Which scientist(s)?

• HINT 1: found DNA was genetic material

• HINT 2: separated bacteria into: carbos, DNA, protein, RNA by a centrifuge

• HINT 3: bald

• ANSWER: Avery (H)

#3 Name ways RNA is different from DNA:

• 1. RNA = Ribose sugar instead of Deoxyribose in DNA

• 2. DNA A-T C-G RNA A-U C-G• 3. RNA= Single stranded instead of

Double in DNA• 4. RNA can go in and out of nucleus,

DNA must stay in nucleus• 5. DNA can repair itself, RNA cannot

What three parts of DNA make up one nucleotide?

• ANSWER:–sugar

–Phosphate

–Nitrogenous base

(remember the song)

EXTRA: What is the complementary side of this DNA strand? (DNA –

DNA)

• G - A - T - T - G - A - C - C - T - C - G – G• ANSWER:• C - T - A - A - C - T - G - G - A - G - C- C

What is the complementary mRNA strand? (DNA – mRNA)

• G - A - T - T - G - A - C - C - T - C - G – G• ANSWER:• C - U - A - A - C - U - G - G - A - G - C- C

#4 Identify the DNA parts:

A

B

C

D

E

#4 Identify the DNA parts

A PHOSPHATE

B Deoxyribose Sugar

C Nitrogenous Bases (A-T-C-G)

D Hydrogen Bond

Nucleotide = sugar, phosphate, base

Covalent

bond

#5 Which process?

• Does DNA copy itself?

• ANSWER: Replication (A)

• Is the movement of tRNA from A to P site on the ribosome?

• ANSWER: Translocation (B)

#5 Which process?

• Codes DNA to mRNA?

• ANSWER? Transcription (C)

• Codes mRNA to tRNA and protein?

• ANSWER: Translation (D)

#5 What happens at the P and A sites of a ribosome during

translation?

• A = amino acid is dropped off

• P = polypeptide builds

• Process is translocation (B)

#6 Which enzyme?

• Unwinds DNA from its spiral

• ANSWER: Topoisomerase (B)

#6 Which enzyme?

• Separates the 2 DNA strands (breaks H bonds for replication)

• ANSWER: Helicase (D)

#6 Which enzyme?

• Adds nucleotides to DNA for elongation and also for proofreading

• ANSWER: DNA polymerase (C)

#6 Which enzyme?

• Binds Okazaki fragments in the lagging strand

• ANSWER: Ligase (A)

#6 Which enzyme?

• Adds RNA nucleotide primers

• ANSWER: Primase (E)

#6 Which enzyme?

• Makes RNA’s

• ANSWER: RNA polymerase (G)

#7 Which is a physical or chemical agent that causes mutations?

• A. mutagen

• B. mutagenesis

• C. mutation

• D. reading frame

• ANSWER: A mutagen

#7 Which is any change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA?

• A. Mutagenesis• B. mutation• C. mutagen• D. reading frame

• ANSWER: B mutation

Epidermodysplasia verruciformis

Uncontrolled HPV infections result in the growth of scaly macules and papules

Tree Man Pictures

• Before and After Images : Tree Man : Discovery Health

#7 Which is the triplet grouping (a mutation can alter it to shift)

• A. mutation

• B. mutagenesis

• C. mutagen

• D. reading frame

• ANSWER: D reading frame

ADD What is a HOX gene?

They produce genes that share those that control:(WHICH)

A. eye development

B. Cancer

C. Body plan

D. hair development

ADD What is a HOX gene?

They produce genes that share Body plan control

C

#8 What are some examples of mutagens?

X-rays

UV Rays

pesticides

cigarettes

#9 What is polyploidy?

N

2N

4N

#9 What is polyploidy?

multiple sets of chromosomes

EX: 4N, 5N

Usually beneficial for plants

#10 Operon (group of genes working together)

• Promoter (start)– latches on to the beginning enzyme

• Operator (controller)– attaches on to repressor, can stop or allow the protein production

• Repressor (brake)– binds to operator to stop production

#10 Operon

• VCAC: Molecular Processes: Lac Operon: The Movie

• The lac Operon• HERE http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/007337797x/student_view0/chapter13/animation_quiz_-_the_tryptophan_repressor.html

• Lac Operon Animation (no sound)

ALSO: What is NOT part of an operon?

• Operator

• Terminator

• Promoter

• Repressor

• ANSWER: terminator

#11 What amino acid is mRNA codon:

UGU AAC UAC CGU GGG CAC UGG

11. What amino acid is mRNA codon:

Cyst–Aspar –Tyros–Arg–Glyc-Hist-Trypt

#12 What codon is the START CODON?

12. What amino acid is START codon:

AUG

#12 What are the three STOP CODONS?

• ANSWER? UAA, UAG, UGA

• (you could also figure this out by looking at the chart)

What amino acid is mRNA codon:UGG

tryptophan

# 12 How many?

• Different amino acids are there?

• ANSWER: 20

#13 How many subunits make up a ribosome?

• A. one

• B. two

• C. Three

• D. Four

13. ANSWER: Ribosome = two subunits

Made of rRNA (ribosomal) + protein

#14 What are the 3 bases?

• A. Codon

• B. Anticodon

• C. Triplet

#14 What are the 3 bases?

• A. Codon

• B. Anticodon

• C. Triplet

• For mRNA

• For tRNA

• For DNA

What does a tRNA carry?

• A. codon

• B. triplet

• C. amino acid

• D. ribosome

• ANSWER: amino acid

#15 Match:

• Introns

• Exons

• Are cut and discarded from the primary mRNA

• Leave the nucleus to be coded with tRNA

15. What will the mature mRNA look like?

What will the mRNA look like?

1 2 3

HINT: introns discarded

exons kept and coded

= mature mRNA

Just exons

#15 What’s the difference?

• Between Primary mRNA and mature mRNA?

• Primary mRNA = introns + exons

• Mature mRNA = only exons

#16 What are the 3 types of RNA?

• a) tRNA (transfer RNA-brings amino acids)

• b) mRNA (messenger RNA-codes from DNA), and

• c) rRNA (ribosomal RNA-structural part of ribosome)

#16 Matching

• CHOICES: tRNA mRNA r RNA

• Structural form of ribosome • Codes DNA to mRNA• Brings amino acids to ribosome

#16 Matching

• Structural form of ribosome rRNA

• Codes DNA to mRNA mRNA

• Brings amino acids to tRNA

ribosome

#17 What are the structures?

(See worksheet)

#18 What type of mutation is this?

• ORIGINAL: AACGTAGG

• MUTATION: AAACGTAGG

• ANSWER: insertion (A)

#18 What type of mutation is this?

• ORIGINAL: AACGTAGG

• MUTATION: AACGAGG

• ANSWER: Deletion (T)

#18 What type of mutation is this?

• ORIGINAL: AACGTAGG

• MUTATION: AACGGGAT

• ANSWER: Inversion (TAGG flipped)

#18 What type of mutation is this?

• ORIGINAL 2 chromosomes• AACGTAGG• ATCGGGTCGGA

• MUTATION: AACGTATCGGG• TCGGAAGG

• ANSWER: Translocation (two nonhomologous chromosomes exchanged)

ESSAYDNA: ATT CGG ACT TGA

• mRNAsequence?

• tRNAsequence?

• Amino acid sequence?

• (use mRNA codonson chart)

• UAA GCC UGA ACU

• AUU CGG ACU UGA

• Stop alan stop threo

mRNA, ribosomes, and polypeptide chainsCOOL!

ADD: A lysogenic infection:

• A. joins with the host DNA

• B. infects the host, but does not join the host DNA

• ANSWER: A

• Lytic infection infects the host, but does not join the host DNA