Chapter 11, Section 5 and Chapter 13, Sections 3-5 TotalitarianismReview

Chapter 11, Section 5Chapter 11, Section 5andand

Chapter 13, Sections 3-5Chapter 13, Sections 3-5

TotalitarianiTotalitarianismsm

ReviewReview

Totalitarianism Control over every aspect of public and

private life

Propaganda (the attempt at changing a person’s attitude toward a cause or a position) was a tool used in Totalitarianism.

Freedoms of speech, press, and assembly are usually taken away.

Fascism

Promised to revive the economy, restore order, and was about national pride.

“The Dictatorship of the Proletariat” became a tyrannical dictatorship of individuals who would use all means, including Gulags, to maintain their power

CommunismThe Communist Manifesto is

a short pamphlet urging the working class to revolt against factory owners during the Industrial Revolution.

Vladimir Lenin and Joseph Stalin took ideas from this pamphlet and created a Communist state in Russia (Soviet Union).

Some liken this to socialism.

Results of World War I(1914-1918)

The Treaty of Versailles contained provisions that contributed to political (blaming Germany for WWI) and economic (Germany’s reparations) problems of Europe.

Disillusionment led to Totalitarianism being embraced (Fascism)

Connection between WWI and the Russian Revolution

Losses of WWI helped trigger the revolution

Prior to the Revolution

terrible working conditions with low wages

child labor and large gap between the rich and poor

authoritarian ruling party

Revolutionary Effects The March Revolution and the Bolshevik

Revolution of 1917 included – withdrawing from WWI (peace with Germany via

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk)• Food shortages• Lenin insisted on ending involvement

– Civil War (1918-1920)• Slogan: Peace, Land, and Bread

– Lenin and Bolsheviks gaining control of the government

• Widespread support

Lenin in Power

Stayed OUT of WWI Tackled inherited problems Signed Treaty of Brest-Litovsk Redistributed farms to peasants

Lenin’s Death creates Power Struggle

Joseph Stalin, the General Secretary of the Communist Party, rose to the top (against Lenin’s wishes)

Stalin used terror tactics “Great Purge” of 1934-39

– Millions of deaths• Revolution resisters

• Anyone threatening Stalin’s power

• Bolshevik helpers

Stalin’s Tactics

Get rid of competition Limit individual freedoms (censorship) Intimidation and repression (police terror) Propaganda and slogans (indoctrination)

– Credited with transforming the Soviet Union into a completely totalitarian state.

Similar to rule under czars because both established authoritarian form of government.

Collective Farms(not quite what peasants expected)

Hundreds of families forced to supply food for the state

Economic reform Promoted by Stalin Resulted in the deaths of millions of

peasants

Socialist Realism

Works of art showing how great is was to live under communist rule.

Russia under Stalin Government owned industry and

production Goal of economic equality Human rights limited Stalin controlled economics, private lives,

and the government 5 Year Plan to build up heavy industry

1920s Advances

Radioactivity (Madame Curie) Theory of Relativity (Einstein) Penicillin (Alexander Fleming)

1920s Crash

Stock Market crash of 1929 effects became known as The Great Depression

European countries felt effect because many depended on American prosperity

Benito Mussolini Created the Fascist Party in

1919 Came to power when he forced

his appointment as Prime Minister (March on Rome)

Ruled Italy from 1922 until 1944

Became involved in WWII when he invaded Ethiopia and then allied with GermanyWanted to restore

Italy to the glory days of the Roman Empire

Mussolini’s Rule

Abolished democracy Organized a secret police force (Black

Shirts) Censored radio and publications

Adolf Hitler Wrote the book Mein Kampf

(propaganda) while in jail – His blueprint for a new Europe,

and talked about the extermination of all Jews.

Came to power through free elections– People resented economic crisis

Began WWII when he invaded Poland September 1, 1939Ruled Germany 1933 to 1945

Believed in supreme nature of the Aryan or Germanic races

Why Nazis? Worldwide economic depression of the

1930s Appeal of Hitler (great public speaker) Dissatisfaction with the Versailles Treaty Unemployed Germans were given hope

by their nationalistic message and wanted to blame others for their problems

Hitler’s Rule Promised to return Germany to greatness German Fascism =Nazism Dictatorship (Der Fuhrer) Banned all political parties except Nazis Turned the press, radio, literature, painting,

and film into propaganda tools Created the SS that murdered Hitler’s

enemies

Hitler’s Germany

Nazis blamed Jews as scapegoats for all of Germany’s troubles since WWI

Passed laws depriving Jews of their rights (Nuremburg Laws)

Initiated violent attacks against Jews (Kristallnacht)

Francisco Franco Francisco Franco

Dictator of Spain: 1936-1975

After he gained power:– Oppressed his

enemies– Faced a starving

nation

Franco’s Rule

Created a dictatorship Known as El Caudillo Turned the press, radio, literature, painting,

and film into propaganda tools

Civil War Erupts in SpainCivil War Erupts in Spain

Republicans overthrow monarchy.

1936- Fascist Francisco Francisco Franco Franco raises army to take control of govt.

Hitler & Mussolini send troops, tanks, airplanes to Franco’s troops NATIONALISTS.NATIONALISTS.

1939- Franco becomes dictator.

Dictator ComparisonsDifferences Stalin was

Communist Mussolini, Hitler,

and Stalin banned churches– Franco revitalized

the Catholic Church

Similarities Mussolini, Hitler, and Franco were

Fascist All four dictators

– rebuilt the economy– Censored all opposition– Limited art movements– Absolute power over the country

Soviets and Nazis had electoral majority support

Stalin, Hitler, and Mussolini had youth programs to increase nationalism and loyalty to the state