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CHAPTER 1 LESSON 5
NORTH VS. SOUTH(UNION VS. CONFEDERACY)
The Civil War(1861-1865)
The War Between the States
North in 1861Advantages
Population Industrialization Transportation Food
Disadvantages “Away Team” Leadership
Northern Advantages
Population – Slave/Free pop. 1861
Northern Advantages
Industrialization – over 80% of U.S. Factories
Northern Advantages
Transportation – 22,000 miles of railroads (South=only 9,000 miles)
Northern Advantages
Food Production & Overall Resources (population, land, trans.)
Northern Disadvantages
Leadership – best Generals (Robert E. Lee) in South
Northern Disadvantages
“Away Team” – Have to invade & CONQUER the south
Southern Advantages
“King Cotton” – Foreign powers relied on cotton (1/5 of British citizens were employed in cotton related industries)
Southern Advantages
“Home Team” – defend territory
Southern Advantages
Leadership – Better leaders; ROBERT E. LEE (Lincoln wanted him to lead Union troops – He declined to stay with Virginia)
“Stonewall” Jackson
James Longstreet
Robert E. Lee
Southern Advantages
Motivated Soldiers – fighting to preserve society in the South
Southern Disadvantages
Population
Southern Disadvantages
Economy
Southern Disadvantages
Industry – first factory built 1845; very far behind North in industry (Graniteville Textile Comp. , Richmond, VA)
Strategies
North Force Surrender
Through attrition Anaconda Plan
Control Miss. River Blockade Ports Control Richmond, VA
Anaconda Plan
Strategies
South Defend Territory –
Hopefully Yankees will give up fighting after a while
Win foreign recognition from France or Britain (because of Cotton trade)
Motto – “With God as Our Vindicator”
Theatres of War
WEST All battles fought West
of Appalachian mountains to MS river
EAST All battles fought East
of App. Mountains
Armies
UNION Army of the Potomac Armies named after
rivers
CONFEDERACY Army of Northern
Virginia Armies named after
states
FIGHTING
1st Battle of Bull Run (1st Battle of Manassas)=first battle of the Civil War
4,878 casualties – each side realized it would be a long fight
ANTIETAM
Battle of Antietam Creek – Sep. 17, 1862Bloodiest single day in American history –
23,000 casualties
Emancipation Proclamation
After Union victories in 1862, Lincoln decides to issue the Emancipation Proclamation
Does not free any slaves, because it only accounted for slaves in Confederate states still in rebellion
EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION
Three Turning points of Civil War
1863 – Year the “tide turned” for North 1) Gettysburg, PA
Turned Robert E. Lee back south. He would never invade the North again.
2) Vicksburg, Ms U.S. Grant wins. Union now has full control of the
Mississippi River. 3) Chattanooga, TN
The Union Army wins; The deep South is open to invasion. William T. Sherman can wage TOTAL WAR on the South.
Gettysburg
GETTYSBURG
Casualties
VICKSBURG
Gen. Ulysses S. Grant takes control of the Mississippi River
CHATTANOOGA
OPENS UP DEEP SOUTH TO INVASION
TOTAL WAR
William T. Sherman leads Union troops on his “MARCH TO THE SEA”
Wages “TOTAL WAR” Destroys South’s will
to fightBurns and destroys
major Georgia citiesTurns North toward
Richmond, VA
FINAL DAYS
Gen. Robert E. Lee attempts to defend Virginia in 1864-1865…cannot do it
Surrender
Gen. Robert E. Lee surrendered to Gen. U.S. Grant at Appomattox Courthouse – April 9, 1865
Casualties
Casualties
Assassination of Abraham Lincoln
April 14, 1865Killed by John Wilkes Booth
Assassination of Abraham Lincoln
Assassination of Abraham Lincoln
The Assassins
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