Changes in matter lesson

2Co 5:17 So if anyone is in Christ, there is a new creation: everything old has passed away; see, everything has become new!

Changes that Matter Undergoes

Section 3.1 Physical Change

Section 3.1a States of Matter

Section 3.1b Phase Changes

Section 3.2 Chemical Change

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Section 3.0 Changes in Matter

• Define physical change and list several common physical changes.

observation: orderly, direct information gathering about a phenomenon

• Define chemical change and list several indications that a chemical change has taken place.

• Apply the law of conservation of mass to chemical reactions.

Physical Changes• A change that alters a substance without

changing its composition is known as a physical change.

It’s a physical change if...

• It changes shape or size ( broken glass, cutting papers)

• It dissolves (Sugar dissolving in water)

• It changes state/phase (melting of ice)

A phase change is a transition of matter from one state to another.

States of Matter

• The physical forms of matter, either solid, liquid, or gas, are called the states of matter.

• Solids are a form of matter that have their own definite shape and volume.

• Liquids are a form of matter that have a definite volume but take the shape of the container.

States of Matter (cont.)

• Gases have no definite shape or volume. They expand to fill their container.

Vapor refers to the gaseous state of a substance that is a solid or liquid at room temperature.

The five states of matter:

LIQUIDSSOLIDS GASES

Higher Temperature

Lower Temperature

PLASMAS

(only for low density ionized gases)

BOSE-EINSTEIN

CONDENSATE

Plasma

Bose-EinsteinCondensate

But what happens if you raise the temperature to super-high levels…

between 1000°C and 1,000,000,000°C ?

Will everything just be a gas?

PLASMA--- 4th state of matter

A plasma is an ionized gas.

A plasma is a very good conductor of electricity and is affected by magnetic fields.

Plasmas, like gases have an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume.

• Plasma is the

common state

of matter

Some places where plasmas are found…

1. Flames

2. Lightning

3. Aurora (Northern Lights)

4. Neon lights

5. Stars

Stars make up 99% of the total matter in the Universe.

Therefore, 99% of everything that exists in the entire Universe is in the plasma state.

The Sun is an example of a star in its plasma state

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6. Clouds of gas and dust around stars

But now what happens if you lower the temperature way, way, down to

100 nano degrees above “Absolute Zero” (-273°C)

Will everything just be a

frozen solid?

Not Necessarily!In 1924 (82 years ago), two scientists, Albert

Einstein and Satyendra Bose predicted a 5th state of matter which would occur at very very low temperatures.

Einstein Bose

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In a Bose-Einstein condensate, atoms can no longer bounce around as

individuals.

Instead they must all act in exactly the same way, and you can no longer tell

them apart!

Some other computer images of Bose-Einstein Condensates…

To really understand Bose-Einstein

condensate you need to know

Quantum Physics

Phase Changes

Chemical Change

• A change that involves one or more substances turning into new substances is called a chemical change.

• Decomposing, rusting, exploding, burning, or oxidizing are all terms that describe chemical changes.

Conservation of Mass

• The law of conservation of mass states that mass is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction, it is conserved.

• The mass of the reactants equals the mass of the products.

massreactants = massproducts

Section 3 Changes in Matter

Key Concepts• A physical change alters the physical properties of a

substance without changing its composition.

• A chemical change, also known as a chemical reaction, inv olves a change in a substance’s composition.

• In a chemical reaction, reactants form products.

• The law of conservation of mass states that mass is neither created nor destroyed during a chemical reaction; it is conserved.

massreactants = massproducts

• The five states of matter are solid, liquid, and gas, plasma and bose – Einstein condensate

“You can never change the nature of things

Because CHANGE is the nature of things”