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Prentice-Hall 2002General Chemistry: Chapter 1Slide 1 of 19
Philip Dutton
University of Windsor, Canada
Prentice-Hall 2002
Chapter 1: MatterIts Properties andMeasurement
General ChemistryPrinciples and Modern Applications
Petrucci Harwood Herring
8th Edition
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Prentice-Hall 2002General Chemistry: Chapter 1Slide 2 of 19
Contents
Physical properties and states of matter
Systme International Units Uncertainty and significant figures
Dimensional analysis
http://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci/chapter1/deluxe.html
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Prentice-Hall 2002General Chemistry: Chapter 1Slide 3 of 19
Properties of Matter
ter: Occupies space, has mass and inertia
position: Parts or componentsex. H2O, 11.9% H and 88.81% O
erties: Distinguishing features
physical and chemical properties
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Prentice-Hall 2002General Chemistry: Chapter 1Slide 4 of 19
States of Matter
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Prentice-Hall 2002General Chemistry: Chapter 1Slide 6 of 19
Separations
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Prentice-Hall 2002General Chemistry: Chapter 1Slide 7 of 19
Separating Mixtures
bstances to
separated
solved in liquid
Pure
liquid
mixture
ChromatographyChromatography
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Prentice-Hall 2002General Chemistry: Chapter 1Slide 8 of 19
Significant Figures
Number
6.29 g0.00348 g9.01.0 10-8
100 eggs100 g = 3.14159
Count from left fromfirst non-zero digit.
Adding and subtracting.
Use the number of decimal
places in the number with the
fewestdecimal places.
1.140.611.676
13.416
Significant
Figures
3322infinite
bad notation
various
13.4
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Prentice-Hall 2002General Chemistry: Chapter 1Slide 9 of 19
Significant figures
Multiplying and dividing.
Use the fewest significant
figures.
0.01208 0.236
Rounding Off
3rd digit is increased if
4th digit 5
Report to 3 significant figures.
10.235
12.459019.7515.651
.
10.2
12.519.815.7
= 0.512
= 5.12 10-3
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Prentice-Hall 2002General Chemistry: Chapter 1Slide 10 of 19
Units
S.I. Units
Length metre, m
Mass Kilogram, kg
Time second, s
Temperature Kelvin, K
Quantity Mole, 6.0221023 mol-1
Derived Quantities
Force Newton, kg m s-2
Pressure Pascal, kg m-1 s-2
Eenergy Joule, kg m2 s-2
Other Common Units
Length Angstrom, , 10-8 cm
Volume Litre, L, 10-3 m3
Energy Calorie, cal, 4.184 J
Pressure
1 Atm = 1.064 x 102 kPa
1 Atm = 760 mm Hg
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Prentice-Hall 2002General Chemistry: Chapter 1Slide 11 of 19
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Prentice-Hall 2002General Chemistry: Chapter 1Slide 12 of 19
Temperature
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Prentice-Hall 2002General Chemistry: Chapter 1Slide 13 of 19
Relative Temperatures
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Prentice-Hall 2002General Chemistry: Chapter 1Slide 14 of 19
Volume
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Prentice-Hall 2002General Chemistry: Chapter 1Slide 15 of 19
Density
= m/V
m=V
V=m/
g/mL
Mass and volume are extensive properties
Density is an intensiveproperty
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Prentice-Hall 2002General Chemistry: Chapter 1Slide 16 of 19
Conversion
What is the mass of a cube of osmium that is 1.25inches on each side?
Have volume, need density = 22.48g/cm3
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