Cells to Systems !!

CELLS TO SYSTEMS!!Cells are the smallest living part of

living things---where do we go from there?

Remember that cells are: The basic units of structure and function

of all living things. What is the cell theory?

1. All living things are composed of cells. 2. Cells are the basic units of structure and

function in living things. 3. All cells are produced from other cells.

Cells are put together into groups of cells which make tissues

There are many different types of tissues in living organisms.

This is muscle tissue:

You have seen muscle tissue, here are 3 more types

Connective tissue Connective tissue is generally strong and

hooks muscle to bone or bone to bone. This would be like tendons and ligaments.

What about epithelial tissue?

This is “skin” type tissue. As you can see, there are several types-the one you know best is epithelial—like the top layer of your skin.

So—take a closer look---

Look how many “things” are in your skin---by the way, your skin is your largest organ.

Sweat glands Muscles Hair follicles Oil glands Fat cells New skin waiting

to grow through.

Another important tissue is “nervous” tissue

Nerve cells allow us to move and feel. If the messages are cut off, our body cannot respond or feel heat, pain, pressure.

What happens after cells make tissues?

The tissues actually make organs. Different tissues make up different organs.

Organs are things like a stomach, brain, liver, kidney, heart, and pancreas.

After organs next is the body “system” itself

How many systems are there?---9 Nervous system Skeletal system Muscular system Integumentary system (skin) Circulatory system Digestive system Urinary system Reproductive system Respiratory system

Nervous system Your brain, spinal cord and all nerves are in this system. Your brain tells your hand to move and the message goes from the brain down the spinal cord and out to the hand via the nerves that run in your arm. If your hand touches a hot iron, than the nerves run up the arm, into the spinal cord and up to the brain to register that “ouch” was in order-your brain tells you to jerk your hand out of the way and say ouch!

Skeletal system-206 bones This is a system of support and also gives you structure. It gives your shape and allows movement. You could not move without bones and you would merely be a pile of Mush—like a blob!

Muscular system-600+ Muscles help you move and work and also give your shape.

Integumentary system This is your largest organ and covers your whole body. It is your skin!!

Circulatory system Red shows your arteries. Blue shows your veins. Arteries take blood away from the heart and out to the body-- veins take blood back from the body to the heart.

Digestive System Begins at your mouth and ends at the anus. includes many organs along the way to take the nutrients out of the food you eat and then get rid of the waste that your body does not need.

Urinary system Here is where the liquid waste from your body is taken care of. Also any needed liquids are processed and sent through the body.

Reproductive system Male and female differ in structure. The

organs are meant to carry on the human species.

Sexual reproduction needs a male and a female. If this is done in a lab or a petri dish like artificial insemination, the cells from a male and female are still required.

Remember—a living cell comes from another living cell.

Respiratory system This is how your body gets it’s needed oxygen and also rids itself of the CO2 wastes.

What do all the systems make up?

The actual organism!

All body systems have a function.

All body systems are made with the correct organs to perform the required function for the organism.

If something does not run correctly—the organism would most likely not feel “right”!

What happens if the organism’s systems could not become better---disease or death.

So—to review what you learned:

Cells make up tissues. Tissues make up organs. Organs make up systems. Systems make up the organism.