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CellStructureandOrganellesSBI4U—2016/10/14
Insidethecell
Thesearegeneralizations,notrules!
Everythinginsidethecellmembranebesidesthenucleusiscalledthecytoplasm;◦ Theliquidisknownascytosol.
Source:http://www.yourgenome.org/
PlantvsAnimalCells
Animal
Lysosomes
Manysmallvesicles
Plant
Chloroplast
Centralvacuole
Cellwall
Nucleus
ContainsandreplicatesDNA(geneticinformation):◦ DNAisstoredaschromatinand,duringreplication,aschromosomes.
Hasitsownmembrane,thenuclearenvelope:◦ Theenvelopehasnuclearporeswhichregulatenutrientandmacromoleculemovement.
Thedensestpartofthenucleusiscalledthenucleolus,whichisusedtosynthesizeribosomes;
Therestofthenucleusisfilledwithnucleoplasm.
Source:http://0.tqn.com/
Mitochondria
Themitochondriabreaksdowncertainmoleculestoreleaseenergy;
Hasasmoothexternalmembrane,butafoldedinnermembrane;
Alsoplaysaroleinregulatingapoptosis(self-destruction);
MitochondriahassomeDNAofitsown!
Source:https://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/
Chloroplast
Permitscellstoconductphotosynthesis;
Lightisabsorbedbythephotosyntheticpigmentchlorophyll:◦ Thislighthelpsconvertwaterandcarbondioxideintohighenergymolecules.
Thechlorophylliscontainedinthemembranesofdisk-shapedthylakoids:◦ Astackofthylakoidsformsagranum.
Notfoundinanimalcells(butratherplantandalgalcells).Source:http://images.tutorvista.com/
Whichismoreimportant?Nucleus,mitochondriaorchloroplast?
EndoplasmicreticulumPartoftheendomembranesystem;
Twotypesofendoplasmicreticulum(ER),rough&smooth;
RoughERcontainsribosomes:◦ Itisattachedtothenucleus;◦ Itsynthesizesproteins(forthemembraneorexport).
SmoothERdoesnotcontainribosomes:◦ Itsynthesizeslipids;◦ Alsoprovidesotherservices,suchasdetoxingalcohol.
Source:http://image.tutorvista.com/
Golgiapparatus
Partoftheendomembranesystem;
NewproteinsandlipidsaretransportedfromtheroughandsmoothERtotheGolgiapparatus
TheGolgiapparatussorts,packsanddistributestheseproteinsandlipids;
Also,theGolgiapparatusproduceslysosomes.
Source:https://media1.britannica.com
Endomembranesystem
Nuclearenvelope;
Endoplasmicreticulum:◦ Rough;◦ Smooth.
Golgiapparatus;
Vesicles.
Source:https://qph.ec.quoracdn.net/ &Texbook p.61
Lysosomesandperoxisomes
Lysosomesandperoxisomesbreakdownlarge,harmfulanduselessmolecules;
Theyperformsimilarfunctionsbutthroughdifferentprocessesandondifferentmolecules;
Lysosomesarenotfoundinplantcells.
Source:http://www.gridgit.com/
Vesiclesandvacuoles
Vesiclesaresacsusedtostoreandtransportnutrientsthroughoutthecell;◦ E.g.TransportformtheERtotheGolgiapparatus
Vacuolesareverylargesacsandreplacemanysmallvesicles;
Vacuolesarenotfoundinanimalcells.
Source:http://waynesword.palomar.edu
Cytoskeletonandcellwall
Thecytoskeletonisanetworkoffilamentsandotheranchorsthatgivestructuretothecellanditsorganelles;
Acellwalliscomposedofcelluloseandgivethecellrigidity;
Thecellwallisnotfoundinanimalcells.
Source:http://plantcellcrk.weebly.com/
Ciliaandflagella
Ciliaandflagellaareappendagesthatextendoutsideofthecell;
Flagellaarefewandlong,generallyusedformovement;
Ciliaareshortandmany,usedforavarietyofphysicaltasks.
Source:http://www.microbiologyinfo.com
PartsoftheCellNucleus Contains DNA
Mitochondria Converts certainmoleculesintousableenergy
Chloroplasts Absorbs lightenergy,conductsphotosynthesis
Endoplasmic reticulum Partofproteinandlipidsynthesis
Golgiapparatus Processes proteinsandlipids
Vesiclesandvacuoles Storage andtransportofresources(alsoprovidesstructure,inplants)
Lysosomesandperoxisomes Breakdownmolecules
Cytoskeletonandcellwall Provides structure
Ciliaandflagella Mobilityand otherphysicalfunctions
Activity:____islike…Nucleus Contains DNA
Mitochondria Converts certainmoleculesintousableenergy
Chloroplasts Absorbs lightenergy,conductsphotosynthesis
Endoplasmic reticulum Partofproteinandlipidsynthesis
Golgiapparatus Processes proteinsandlipids
Vesiclesandvacuoles Storage andtransportofresources(alsoprovidesstructure,inplants)
Lysosomesandperoxisomes Breakdownmolecules
Cytoskeletonand cellwall Provides structure
Ciliaandflagella Mobilityand otherphysicalfunctions
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