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Personal Protective Equipment
(PPE)
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Personal Protective Equipment Provide a barrier between you and the
chemical
Chemical Protective Equipment (CPE)
Level A - vapor w/SCBA (encapsulating suits)
Level B - splash w/SCBA (cover skin)
Level C - splash w/APR (MMRS Program)
Level D - normal work clothes
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Supplied Air SystemsSelf Contained Breathing Apparatus
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Positive Pressure Self ContainedBreathing Apparatus
Advantages:
Provides highest level of protection against
airborne contaminates and oxygen deficiency
Limitations: Bulky and heavy
Limited air supply limits work duration
May impair movement in confined spacesUnknown resistance to chemicals
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Positive Pressure Supplied Air
Respirator
Connected to a manifold which is supplied by two or more tanks
Possibility of unlimited air supply
Less bulky with a longer work time
Protects against airborne contaminates to the same level as PP SCBA
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Positive Pressure Supplied Air
Respirator
Air line impairs mobility and limited to 300 feet (OSHA/NIOSH)
Air line is vulnerable to damage, degradation, or mechanical
decontamination where decontamination might prove difficult.
Exit as you entered. Requires supervision / monitoring of air
supply and lines.
Not approved for IDLH atmospheres unless equipped with an
emergency egress unit such as an escape only SCBA with a
minimum of five minutes.
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Air Purifying Respirators
Enhanced mobility, less physical stress, lighter weight
Negative pressure operationscan be full face or half face
Normally used in controlled, well characterized areas not for
emergency response
Cartridge respirators-Must select proper cartridge
Does not supply fresh air - oxygen levels must be greater than19.5%
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Chemical Protective Clothing
Level A (Vapor Protection)Provides responder with highest level of protection
Level B (Splash Protection)
Provides the responder with the highest level ofrespiratory protection and protection against contact with
product from spills and splashes
Level C (Splash Protection)
Reduction in the respiratory protection but hazards shall
be well characterized (known and measured) to provide
use of APRs.
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Level A CPE
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Level B CPE
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Level C CPE
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Chemical Protective Clothing
Level D (normal workplace protections)
Used much more commonly in routine industrial operations.
No NFPA standard garment.
May include items such as:
Eye Protection
CoverallsBoots that are chemically resistant
Hard hat
Gloves
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Stresses of Wearing CPCs
Heat related stresses:
Heat Cramps, Heat Exhaustion, Heat Stroke
Cold related stresses:
Frostbite, Hypothermia
Psychological stress:
Hazardous area, Body bag with Windows
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Stresses of Wearing CPCsNFPA 471 (10.3) (2002 edition) exclusion criteria includes:
BP - diastolic pressure greater than 105 mm Hg
Pulse - greater than 70% of max (220-age)
Respirations - greater than 24
Tempgreater than 99.5 (oral) or 100.5 coreEKGdysrhythmia not previously detected
Mental Statusaltered, slurred speech clumsiness, weakness
Recent Medical History:
Presence of nausea vomiting, diarrhea, fever, URI, heatillness, or heavy alcohol within the past 72 hours.
Any alcohol within the past 6 hours
New medications within the past 72 hours.
Pregnancy
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Chemical Resistance/Compatibility
Three principle manners by which chemical
protective clothing materials can be compromised:
1. Penetration
2. Degradation
3. Permeation
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Bio Isolation PPEs
Cover all skin
Use with respirator
and eye protection Should be rated for
biological (blood-
borne pathogen)
protection by
manufacture
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Problems in the Agricultural
Setting Improper Use
Using inappropriate concentration (more is better)
Mixing compounds together Improper Storage
Next flammables
No ventilation
Stored next to incompatibles
Compressed Gasses indoors
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Problems in the Agricultural
Setting Limited or no PPEs
Eye & Face Protection
ApronGloves
Respiratory Protection
Poor or no Signage/MarkingsHazard areas
Safe areas
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Problems in the Agricultural
Setting Limited or no Training
PPEs
Proper use
HAZCOM standard (29 CFR 1910.120)
No MSDS
Dont know standard
No Emergency or Spill Plan Poor Housekeeping
Safety equipment not maintained
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Problems in the Agricultural
Setting Usually a failure of multiple safety
processes
Complacency
Performance before safety
Profit before safety (safety to expensive)
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Example of Spill Procedures
When Spill Occurs Stop operations and equipment
Isolate or evacuate area affected
Emergency Notification
If trained, contain and control spill
Provide first aid and assistance to injured
Clean up, decontamination
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Natural Disasters
Hurricane/Typhoon
Earthquake
Tsunami Fire
Flood
Disease Outbreak
Agriculture
Wildlife
Human
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Man Made Disasters
Transportation
Unintentional Releases
Civil Unrest Terrorism
Technological
ElectricalCommunications
Water (Fresh and Waste)
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What is an emergency?
An Event that is--
Unplanned
Uncontrolled
Chaotic
Life, Property or Environmental Threat
Requires a rapid response to bring the eventunder control
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What is an emergency response?
Rapid or timely mitigation of events
Best use of resources
Trained personnel
Favorably changes the outcome
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Planned Response
Control
Isolation and Quarantine
Notification
Local, Law Enforcement, National and
International Aid
Have a written plan
Test and Periodically Practice
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Incident Command System
Management System
Whos in charge? Whats our goals?
Whats my tasks?
Where do I fit in the organization?
Whom do I report?
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Incident Management
Places one person in charge
Clarifies objectives
Guides deployment of personnel &resources
Organizes personnel & tasks so that IC isnot overwhelmed
Eases communications & identifies chain ofcommand
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Incident Management
Limits high risk activities & establishes
resources to provide immediate assistance
Allows for growth and reduction oforganizational structure
For some emergencies, it is a requirement
of law, 29 & 40 CFR
Used by the Federal Government (NIMS)
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Management Concepts
Division of Labor
Work is assigned based on functions, equipment
available and training/capabilities of personnel
Qualified individuals are assigned the proper tasks Lines of Authority
Personnel and functional groups know their roles within
the organization and their relationship with other
personnel participating in the emergency
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Management Concepts
Delegation
Higher level of authority gives personnel or
unit an assignment or tasksAuthority is delegated but responsibility is still
with the IC
Unity of Command
One immediate supervisor
Prevents multiple and conflicting directives
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Management Concepts
Span of Control
Number of personnel or units supervised at onetime
Emergency operations, 4-7 personnel or units
Factors include, degree of difficulty, level ofdanger, amount of authority given
Line Functions - functions directly associated withactual implementation of tasks
Staff Functions - functions associated with thesupport of incident operations or IC
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Features of ICS
Common Terminology
uses common language clear text
pre-designated language from standard operating
procedures
Integrated Communications
Common communications plan trunking system
Modular Organization
Organizational structure develops as-needed
Increases and reduces in size as needed
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Features of ICS Comprehensive Resource Management
Knows the status of available units
Analyses incident requirements and deploys available
resources in a well-coordinated effort Tools in a tool box, only take out the tools you need
to get the job done - need to know what tools are
needed and when to use them, in correct combination
Single Command Structure (single jurisdiction) Unified Command Structure (multi-jurisdiction or
responsibility)
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Features of ICS
Consolidated Action Plans - Unified Command
A single plan of objectives
Efforts undertaken are conducted in a coordinated manner Prevents duplication of tasks and contradictory work
assignments
Designated Incident Facilities
Command Post, Staging Area, Rehab Area
Transfer of Command
Proper procedures to transfer to higher authority
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Incident Command System IC & Staff
PIO, Safety, Liaison
Operations
Planning
Logistics
Finance
Division, Group, Branch
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Incident Command System
OperationsSection
PlanningSection
LogisticsSection
Finance/Administration
Section
ICPublic Information
Safety
Liaison
FireFighting HAZMAT Ventilation
Entry DECON Research
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Scene Management
HAZMAT Sectors
Hot Zone - Contaminated area
Warm Zone - Contamination reduction zone ordecon area
Cold Zone - Contamination Free Zone
Safe Zone - to facilitate nuisance free area
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The Growing Threat of the
Agriculture WorkplacePacific Avian Influenza Training
Workshop
Carter Davis
Pacific EMPRINTS Program
hazmat@hawaii.rr.com
mailto:hazmat@hawaii.rr.commailto:hazmat@hawaii.rr.comRecommended