Canada’s Physical Geography. How old is the Earth? ► 4.5 Billion years old ► Canada completely...

Canada’s Physical Canada’s Physical GeographyGeography

How old is the Earth?How old is the Earth?

►4.5 Billion years old4.5 Billion years old

►Canada completely covered in ice Canada completely covered in ice 18,000 years ago18,000 years ago

What is GeographyWhat is Geography ? ?

►the physical characteristics of an areathe physical characteristics of an area

EVERYONE FREEZE!!EVERYONE FREEZE!!

Continental DriftContinental Drift

►Movement of the continents on the Movement of the continents on the Earth’s platesEarth’s plates

►Alfred Wegener – German ScientistAlfred Wegener – German Scientist

Plate TectonicsPlate Tectonics

►Plate movement by convection Plate movement by convection currentscurrents

PangeaPangea

Let’s see how it all works...Let’s see how it all works...

►http://dsc.discovery.com/videos/http://dsc.discovery.com/videos/understanding-volcanoes-plate-understanding-volcanoes-plate-tectonics.htmltectonics.html

Review of Earth’s crust Review of Earth’s crust movementmovement

Layers of the EarthLayers of the Earth

Layers of the EarthLayers of the Earth

► Inner Core - solid and very hot, great Inner Core - solid and very hot, great pressurepressure

►Outer Core – liquid and hotOuter Core – liquid and hot►Mantle – melted rock called magma – Mantle – melted rock called magma –

hot, dense, slow movinghot, dense, slow moving►Crust – solid rock of the surfaceCrust – solid rock of the surface

Plates of the WorldPlates of the World

Subduction ZoneSubduction Zone

LandformsLandforms

►Natural features of the lands surfaceNatural features of the lands surface

►Built from: Built from: material from beneath Earth’s crustmaterial from beneath Earth’s crust movement of the Earth’s crustmovement of the Earth’s crust

Building LandformsBuilding Landforms

►Examples, text page 24Examples, text page 24

Landforms shaped by four Landforms shaped by four forcesforces

►Mountain buildingMountain building

►WeatheringWeathering

►ErosionErosion

►DepositionDeposition

FjordFjord

► Narrow inlet of the sea Narrow inlet of the sea between cliffs or steep between cliffs or steep slopes.slopes.

Sognefjord in NorwaySognefjord in Norway

HornHorn

► Mountaintop that has Mountaintop that has been modified by the been modified by the action of ice during action of ice during glaciation and frost glaciation and frost weatheringweathering

The Matterhorn in the The Matterhorn in the European AlpsEuropean Alps

TalusTalus

► Broken rock that Broken rock that appears at the bottom appears at the bottom of mountain cliffs or of mountain cliffs or valley shoulders valley shoulders

Talus Slope, Colorado, USA.

Oxbow LakeOxbow Lake► Formed when a wide meander from a stream or a river is cut off to form a lake Formed when a wide meander from a stream or a river is cut off to form a lake ► Have distinctive curved shapeHave distinctive curved shape

► Oxbow Lake in MontanaOxbow Lake in Montana

HoodooHoodoo► TTall thin spires of rock that protrude from the all thin spires of rock that protrude from the

bottom of arid basins and badlandsbottom of arid basins and badlands► Composed of soft sedimentary rock, topped by a Composed of soft sedimentary rock, topped by a

piece of harder rockpiece of harder rockDrumheller, AlbertaDrumheller, Alberta

SlopeSlope

► Forms created or modified on a slope where Forms created or modified on a slope where there is considerable reliefthere is considerable relief

Rattlesnake Point in Milton, OntarioRattlesnake Point in Milton, Ontario

PingoPingo► Mound of earth-covered ice found in the Arctic, Mound of earth-covered ice found in the Arctic,

subarctic, and Antarcticasubarctic, and AntarcticaAlaska/Yukon borderAlaska/Yukon border

DrumlinDrumlin► (Irish (Irish droimníndroimnín, a little hill ridge) - an elongated , a little hill ridge) - an elongated

whale-shaped hill formed by glacial actionwhale-shaped hill formed by glacial action

Georges IslandGeorges Island

Halifax, NSHalifax, NS

StackStack

► A steep, vertical column or columns of rock in the A steep, vertical column or columns of rock in the sea near a coastsea near a coast

Flowerpot IslandFlowerpot Island

Lake HuronLake Huron

WaterfallWaterfall

► Results from water Results from water flowing over an flowing over an erosion-resistant rock erosion-resistant rock formation that forms a formation that forms a sudden break in sudden break in elevation elevation

American Falls, Bridal Veil American Falls, Bridal Veil Falls,Falls,

Niagara Falls, USANiagara Falls, USA

Sand SpitSand Spit

► A deposition landform found off coasts A deposition landform found off coasts ► A type of bar or beach at a cove, bay, or river A type of bar or beach at a cove, bay, or river

mouthmouth► Formed by the movement of sedimentFormed by the movement of sediment

Southport Spit, AustraliaSouthport Spit, Australia

ErraticErratic► A boulder that has been transported some A boulder that has been transported some

distance from its source by a glacier distance from its source by a glacier

Point Lake, NWTPoint Lake, NWT