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Canada’s Physical Canada’s Physical GeographyGeography
How old is the Earth?How old is the Earth?
►4.5 Billion years old4.5 Billion years old
►Canada completely covered in ice Canada completely covered in ice 18,000 years ago18,000 years ago
What is GeographyWhat is Geography ? ?
►the physical characteristics of an areathe physical characteristics of an area
EVERYONE FREEZE!!EVERYONE FREEZE!!
Continental DriftContinental Drift
►Movement of the continents on the Movement of the continents on the Earth’s platesEarth’s plates
►Alfred Wegener – German ScientistAlfred Wegener – German Scientist
Plate TectonicsPlate Tectonics
►Plate movement by convection Plate movement by convection currentscurrents
PangeaPangea
Let’s see how it all works...Let’s see how it all works...
►http://dsc.discovery.com/videos/http://dsc.discovery.com/videos/understanding-volcanoes-plate-understanding-volcanoes-plate-tectonics.htmltectonics.html
Review of Earth’s crust Review of Earth’s crust movementmovement
Layers of the EarthLayers of the Earth
Layers of the EarthLayers of the Earth
► Inner Core - solid and very hot, great Inner Core - solid and very hot, great pressurepressure
►Outer Core – liquid and hotOuter Core – liquid and hot►Mantle – melted rock called magma – Mantle – melted rock called magma –
hot, dense, slow movinghot, dense, slow moving►Crust – solid rock of the surfaceCrust – solid rock of the surface
Plates of the WorldPlates of the World
Subduction ZoneSubduction Zone
LandformsLandforms
►Natural features of the lands surfaceNatural features of the lands surface
►Built from: Built from: material from beneath Earth’s crustmaterial from beneath Earth’s crust movement of the Earth’s crustmovement of the Earth’s crust
Building LandformsBuilding Landforms
►Examples, text page 24Examples, text page 24
Landforms shaped by four Landforms shaped by four forcesforces
►Mountain buildingMountain building
►WeatheringWeathering
►ErosionErosion
►DepositionDeposition
FjordFjord
► Narrow inlet of the sea Narrow inlet of the sea between cliffs or steep between cliffs or steep slopes.slopes.
Sognefjord in NorwaySognefjord in Norway
HornHorn
► Mountaintop that has Mountaintop that has been modified by the been modified by the action of ice during action of ice during glaciation and frost glaciation and frost weatheringweathering
The Matterhorn in the The Matterhorn in the European AlpsEuropean Alps
TalusTalus
► Broken rock that Broken rock that appears at the bottom appears at the bottom of mountain cliffs or of mountain cliffs or valley shoulders valley shoulders
Talus Slope, Colorado, USA.
Oxbow LakeOxbow Lake► Formed when a wide meander from a stream or a river is cut off to form a lake Formed when a wide meander from a stream or a river is cut off to form a lake ► Have distinctive curved shapeHave distinctive curved shape
► Oxbow Lake in MontanaOxbow Lake in Montana
HoodooHoodoo► TTall thin spires of rock that protrude from the all thin spires of rock that protrude from the
bottom of arid basins and badlandsbottom of arid basins and badlands► Composed of soft sedimentary rock, topped by a Composed of soft sedimentary rock, topped by a
piece of harder rockpiece of harder rockDrumheller, AlbertaDrumheller, Alberta
SlopeSlope
► Forms created or modified on a slope where Forms created or modified on a slope where there is considerable reliefthere is considerable relief
Rattlesnake Point in Milton, OntarioRattlesnake Point in Milton, Ontario
PingoPingo► Mound of earth-covered ice found in the Arctic, Mound of earth-covered ice found in the Arctic,
subarctic, and Antarcticasubarctic, and AntarcticaAlaska/Yukon borderAlaska/Yukon border
DrumlinDrumlin► (Irish (Irish droimníndroimnín, a little hill ridge) - an elongated , a little hill ridge) - an elongated
whale-shaped hill formed by glacial actionwhale-shaped hill formed by glacial action
Georges IslandGeorges Island
Halifax, NSHalifax, NS
StackStack
► A steep, vertical column or columns of rock in the A steep, vertical column or columns of rock in the sea near a coastsea near a coast
Flowerpot IslandFlowerpot Island
Lake HuronLake Huron
WaterfallWaterfall
► Results from water Results from water flowing over an flowing over an erosion-resistant rock erosion-resistant rock formation that forms a formation that forms a sudden break in sudden break in elevation elevation
American Falls, Bridal Veil American Falls, Bridal Veil Falls,Falls,
Niagara Falls, USANiagara Falls, USA
Sand SpitSand Spit
► A deposition landform found off coasts A deposition landform found off coasts ► A type of bar or beach at a cove, bay, or river A type of bar or beach at a cove, bay, or river
mouthmouth► Formed by the movement of sedimentFormed by the movement of sediment
Southport Spit, AustraliaSouthport Spit, Australia
ErraticErratic► A boulder that has been transported some A boulder that has been transported some
distance from its source by a glacier distance from its source by a glacier
Point Lake, NWTPoint Lake, NWT