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C A S I XC A S I XCentre for observation of Air-Sea
Interactions and fluXes(A NERC Centre of Excellence in Earth Observation)
Nick Hardman-Mountford, Jim Aiken
CASIX Project Office, Plymouth Marine Laboratorycasix_dir@pml.ac.uk
& the CASIX TeamPML, SOC/SOES, POL,
UEA, UWB, U.Ply, U.Leics, U.Edi, U.Read,
Met Office
CASIX: Open-Ocean Modelling of Air-sea Carbon Dioxide Fluxes
Example• The model captures the
spring bloom signature in the SeaWiFS chlorophyll data in early March 2000
• The model can extrapolate under cloud and to other quantities not remotely observable
HadOCC HadOCC• 4 compartment ecosystem
model plus carbon cycling
FOAM• Operational ocean models
using data assimilation to forecast 5 days ahead
• Driven by 6-hourly fluxes from Met Office Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) system
+
FOAM
.
Vertical structure, salinity
CASIX purpose: to exploit EO data to derive air-sea interactions, focus on CO2 fluxes
NOAA-AVHRR Terra & AquaMODIS AIRS
SeastarSeaWiFS
TOPEX-Poseidon,JASON, Altimeters
ERS-1 & 2 SARQuickscat-SeaWinds
EnvisatMERIS, AATSR
ASAR, RA-2SCIAMACHY
ADEOS IINSCAT, SeaWinds
OCTS, Polder
To exploit these complex, diverse data & address the global problem of CO2 fluxes, we need integration and modelling: 1-D & 3-D Ocean and Shelf circulation models with coupled biology, the C-cycle. Primary focus will be on N Atlantic & N W European
Shelf Seas with the assimilation of EO data into models
Atmospheric aerosols and gases, CO2
Air-seaexchange
Surface roughness/ Surface height
Ocean colour Plankton Marine
Biogeochemistry
Physical StructureTemperature
.
Vertical structure, salinity
CASIX purpose: to exploit EO data to derive air-sea interactions, focus on CO2 fluxes
NOAA-AVHRR Terra & AquaMODIS AIRS
SeastarSeaWiFS
TOPEX-Poseidon,JASON, Altimeters
ERS-1 & 2 SARQuickscat-SeaWinds
EnvisatMERIS, AATSR
ASAR, RA-2SCIAMACHY
ADEOS IINSCAT, SeaWinds
OCTS, Polder
To exploit these complex, diverse data & address the global problem of CO2 fluxes, we need integration and modelling: 1-D & 3-D Ocean and Shelf circulation models with coupled biology, the C-cycle. Primary focus will be on N Atlantic & N W European
Shelf Seas with the assimilation of EO data into models
Atmospheric aerosols and gases, CO2
Air-seaexchange
Surface roughness/ Surface height
Ocean colour Plankton Marine
Biogeochemistry
Physical StructureTemperature
CASIX: Aims & RationaleCASIX Purpose The purpose of CASIX is:
to exploit new-generation Earth Observation (EO) data, to advance the science of air-sea interactions and reduce the errors in the prediction of environmental change. The primary goal is to quantify accurately the global air-sea fluxes of CO2, other gases and particles, using state-of-the-art, error-budgeted models.
This is a crucial element in furthering understanding the role of the ocean carbon cycle in the global carbon cycle and their role in climate change.
To do this, novel EO data sources and algorithms will be developed and integrated with 3-D coupled physical-ecosystem ocean models to produce new error-quantified climatologies of air-sea gas fluxes.
Geographical range Primary focus will be the N Atlantic & NW European Shelf Seas (validation data available) We will provide results for the global ocean with lower confidence Integration of shelf & ocean is a unique feature of CASIX
CASIX Time Frame Quantification and understanding of air-sea CO2 fluxes - 5 yrs Quantification and understanding of air-sea fluxes for a wider range of climatically important
gases - 10 yrs
4: Integration (climatology and analysis) Wider
application
CASIX science elements and their interaction
CASIX science elements and their interaction
1: Physical controls on surface exchange 2: Biogeochemistry
and bio-optics
3a: 3-D N. Atlantic ocean model for CO2
3b: 3-D N.W. European shelf model
for CO2
3c: Interface modelling
Experiment with parameterisations and process models
Define flux parameterisationusing EO input Optimise input from EO colour
CO2 flux climatologyIn situ flux data
Satellite data
10 year hind-cast of CO2 fluxes
SSTAATSR, NPOES
MSG, AMSR, TMI
Wave heightJASON, ALT-2
Surface topographyTOPEX, JASON, ALT-2
CASIX will exploit a wide array of data sources
CASIX will exploit a wide array of data sources
Surface roughnessSea-Winds, N-SCAT
ASAR, Radarsat, AMSR, Windsat TOPEX, JASON, ALT-2
Wind stressSurface films
Air-sea fluxparameterisations
Air-sea gas flux (CO2)climatologyAtmospheric CO2
Atmos. SensorsSciamachy, AIRS
Ocean colour SeaWiFS, MERIS,
MODIS, GLI
ChlorophyllPrimary production
processes controlling upper ocean pCO2
Ocean circulation models with bio-geo-chemistry and air-sea interface processes
Coupled modelling in CASIX
Example• The model captures the
spring bloom signature in the SeaWiFS chlorophyll data in early March 2000
• The model can extrapolate under cloud and to other quantities not remotely observable
HadOCC Ecosystem Models• Hadley Centre Ocean Carbon
Cycle Model (HadOCC)• PML European Regional Seas
Model (ERSEM)
Physical• Met Office Operational
Forecasting Ocean Assimilation Model (FOAM)
• POL Coastal Ocean Modelling System (POLCOMS) Regional Seas Model.
+
FOAM
FOAM/HadOCC model output & data assimilationFOAM/HadOCC output fields Model fields that contribute to
estimation of chlorophyll and primary production
Ocean colour data assimilation Weekly chlorophyll fields from FOAM/HadOCC
with corresponding SeaWiFS images The challenge is to assimilate ocean colour
data to correct and nudge the model for operational forecasting
Moving towards CO2 fluxes The revised output field improves
estimates of derived fields (e.g. primary production, CO2 flux)
This is the goal of CASIX!
Shelf Seas Modelling with POLCOMS & ERSEMPOLCOMS• 3-D shelf-sea physical circulation model
(incl. waves, tides, turbulence, benthic resuspension, spm)
• 6km & 1.8km horizontal resolution
ERSEM• Complex ecosystem model (benthic &
pelagic)• Coupled to POLCOMS 3-D ecosystem
fields
Importance of Shelf Seas• Continental shelf waters = 10% of
the global ocean area• 30% of global ocean production
occurs in shelf seas making them a sink for atmospheric CO2
• Shelf seas can also be a source of CO2 to the atmosphere – origin terrestrially exported carbon
• Net flux is unknown
New CASIX CO2 flux climatologies
CO2 flux maps Global estimates of CO2 flux for January (top) and July (bottom) 2002 Hindcast CO2 fluxes 20 year hindcast estimates
of CO2 flux for global areas shown as coloured panels on map.
Optimal interpolation techniques are used to combine parameters influencing air-sea gas exchange: wind speed and wind speed variability, sea surface temperature, sea surface salinity, sea surface roughness and the gradient of CO2 partial pressure across the air-sea interface
http://www.soc.soton.ac.uk/lso/casix/prelim/
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