By : Sana Akram

THreshold based Energy-efficient FAtigueMEasurment for Wireless Body Area

SensorNetworks using Multiple Sinks

By : Sana Akram

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Outline

• Introduction• Motivation• Fatigue Parameters• Proposed Protocol• Simulation Results• Conclusion

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Wireless Sensor Network (WSN)

A WSN consists of spatially distributed autonomous sensors to monitor physical or environmental conditions, such as temperature, sound, pressure, etc. and to cooperatively pass their data through the network to a control center.

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Applications of WSN

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Wireless Body Area Sensor Network (WBASN)

WBASN is a branch of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). They use tiny sensors to monitor vital signs of human being. These sensors are either wearable or implanted into a human body.

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Types of WBASN

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Applications of WBASN

WBASN is mainly employed for patient monitoring. WBASN can also be used in many other fields like:• Astronauts’ vital organ monitoring• Sports• Birds tracking• Cattle monitoring

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Motivation

• There is only a little research on employing WBASN in sports.

• In sports, like soccer, where a team of players is on the ground, it is difficult to monitors each player’s fatigue manually.

• So, we propose a protocol to constantly measure fatigue for each player and send live health reports to coaches and health officials during the game.

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Fatigue Parameters

• Running speed of a player• Distance covered• Lactic acid level in blood

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Running speed of a player

• Soccer match usually lasts for 90 to 100 minutes. During this time players walk, jog, run and sprint.

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Distance covered

There are different types of players in a soccer team.• Attacking players• Defensive players• Mid-fielders• Goal keeperA goal keeper is very less likely to be in a fatigued state because he/she covers minimum distance during the match.

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Lactic acid level in blood

• For a normal human being the value of lactic acid level is between 4.5 to 19.8 mg/dL (0.5-2.2 mmol/L).

• Where mg/dL = milligrams per deciliter and mmol/L = millimoles per liter.

• When this level increases from 20 mg/dL, there is a strong chance that the player is seriously injured and need proper medical care and time to heal.

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Lactic acid level in blood

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Proposed protocol (THE-FAME)

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THE-FAME’s Parameters

In our proposed protocol we used:• Two teams of 11 players each.• 6 sinks on the boundary of the ground.• Each player has an implanted sensor.• Threshold for lactic acid level is 20 mg/dL.• Reference Point Group Mobility Model

(RPGM).

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Compared protocol

A scheme called ”Wireless sensor network for Soccer Team Monitoring [1]” (WSTM) has also done player monitoring.

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Comparison

THE-FAME• Direct Transmission• Two parameters for

fatigue calculations• Six sinks deployed on

the boundary of ground

• Threshold for lactic acid and distance covered by the player

WSTM• Multi-hop data

Transmission• No specified fatigue

Parameter• Single sink• No threshold

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Energy Equations

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Simulation Results

All the simulations are done using Matlab. Simulations are carried out for the following parameters:• Dead Nodes• Total packets to sinks• Packets dropped• Packets received successfully• Residual energy• Throughput

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Dead Nodes

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Total packets to sinks

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Packets dropped

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Packets received successfully

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Residual energy

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Throughput

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Propagation delay

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Conclusion

The proposed protocol ”THE-FAME” succeed in achieving:• Better throughput• Longer network life• Lesser propagation delay• More residual energy in the networkIt is suitable for:• Any sport which requires constant monitoring of player’s• health.• People performing strenuous activities in their daily life.• Patients with chronic muscle fatigue.

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Thank You

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References

1. Garcia, Miguel, et al. ”A wireless sensor network for soccer team monitoring.” Distributed Computing in Sensor Systems and Workshops (DCOSS), 2011 International Conference on. IEEE, 2011.