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Silliman UniversityCollege of Business Administration
Management DepartmentManagement 35 Business Research
A Comparative Study on the Preferences of Students of Silliman University on the Place to Studybetween the School Library
and the Coffee Shops in Dumaguete City
Submitted by:
Buhisan, CarlBontog, AlfeosJeeCaluscusin, NorielDoria, Don Jovie
Emia, JessaTenaja, GailOrillan, Lanz
Ventoliro, JessaVillanueva, Alexa Vania
Submitted to:
Prof. Mirabelle J. Engcoy
Date Submitted:
May 2015
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page
Acknowledgement
Table of Contents
Chapter 1: The Problem and Its Scope
Introduction/ Rationale
Theoretical Background/ Review of Related Literature
The Problem
Statement of the Problem
Objectives
Significance of the Study
Scope of the Study
Definition of Terms
Research Methodology/Research Design
Research Environment
Respondents of the Study
Sampling Technique
Research Instrument
Data Collection Procedure
Chapter 2: Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation of Data
Chapter 3: Conclusion and Recommendation
Conclusion
Recommendation
Bibliography
Appendices
Sample Questionnaire for Student Respondents
CHAPTER 1: THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE
Introduction/Rationale
Many students are surprised at the differences in studying for college
courses versus how they studied in high school. Regular assignments are
replaced by vast midterms and exams which require knowledge about
concepts rather than simple memorization of facts. Students frequently
discover they need to adapt their study habits to the college setting.
Like any other, college students study. They study because they have
to learn and learning is why they are in college. College is your tool when
you go out to the real world and work. It teaches you all the stuff necessary
for the challenges that await you when you graduate. You’ll be surprised at
how helpful it is when you need it and you won’t even notice it till when
you’re done applying it to whatever obstacle you’re facing. That is why your
parents do whatever they can in order to put you in college because they
know how important and advantageous it is for your future.
Again, college is all about studying and taking it seriously. One has to
find a way to get the most out of the time for studying. But how should
someone do that? In college, you come across and get to know a wide
variety of people. People will come from different places and from different
cultures with different attitudes. People who live locally where the college is
located will have homes to study in while those from afar will go into either
dorms or boarding houses. Generally, neither of the two is going to help you
get the most of your parents’ money in terms of studying. At home, there are
a ton of distractions that are readily available once you start to sit down and
open that textbook. Who could resist the TV? Or the ever fluffy leisure your
bed has to offer you? Same goes to dorms and boarding houses. They are
mostly noisy because they aren’t really intended to be study places. You
can’t just tell your dorm mates to shut up or stop whatever fun they’re doing.
So where should you study? Though there are a lot of other places a student
can study, after all it’s based on preference, but usually students prefer to
study in a place where you get the best results from --a place where you are
comfortable, safe, quiet, etc. With this in mind, the researchers have come
up with a comparative study on two of the most considered places in
studying which are libraries and coffee shops.
Theoretical Background/Review of Related Literature
Creating a good study environment allows us to maximize our learning
efficiency. Combined with effective time management, high motivation, good
reading and note taking skills, and systematic test preparation, a good study
environment serves as a catalyst for productive effort. (The Univeristy of
Alabama, 2005)This is the first step towards effective studying.
A good study environment is a highly individualized matter. What’s
right for you may not be right for a friend or roommate. As much as possible,
you should designate a special place to study. This place should be
uncluttered and should provide few distractions to allow for maximum
concentration. Needless to say, some study tasks, must be done elsewhere,
but having a regular "home base" that you associate with studying helps to
reinforce your self-discipline. It also provides a place where essential
materials can be stored. (National Library of New Zealand)
Library
Most university has a school library. The school library is an important
part of the school community (National Library of New Zealand) where
variety of resources including books, encyclopedias, magazines, newspapers
and etc. are available for studying purposes. It is the traditional place for
studying even before the coming out of coffee shops or coffeehouses,
because it was the only place accessible and convenient, outside from home,
for studying. Also it is located in the school so students can just easily go
there and study.
Coffee Shops
Most of us, if not all, have visited a coffee shop. According to Merriam-
Webster Dictionary, coffee shops or coffeehouses is an establishment that
sells coffee or other refreshments and that commonly serves as an informal
club for its customer to socially interact. It is also a cool place to have some
refreshment while drinking your favorite blend of coffee.
In addition, it is obviously a fast-growing business as what we can
observe, there are a lot of establishments putted up especially here in
Dumaguete and probably worldwide,because of the convenience, ambiance,
satisfaction and refreshment it provides and of course the coffee it offers.
Coffee which contains caffeine awakens and regenerates the drinker. It
is consumed at any time of the day during meetings and socializations.
There are different unique blends of coffee that gives the drinker the
satisfaction they need.
The Problem
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
1. How long do students study?
2. Does the time of the day students preferred to study affects their
choice on where they prefer to study?
3. Among the given factors, what are the top five considerations of the
students in choosing the place to study?
4. What factors do students consider in choosing the place to study?
5. Where does the factors that students consider in choosing the place to
study satisfied?
6. Which of the following do the students prefer to study in: library or
coffee shops?
OBJECTIVES
1. To identify the preferences of students in a place to study between
library and coffee shops.
2. To determine the factors affect the students’ preferences in a place to
study.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The findings of this research could be beneficial to owners or managers
of the coffee shops in Dumaguete City because it can aid in the management
of their respective businesses. The result could as well benefit the
management of the school library and the school administration since the
study will provide them information about what are the aspects should they
need to improve in the premises.
This section of the study aims to guide concerned parties of this
research, such as:
1. Owners and managers of coffee shops – The information from this
research will help in determining what featuresshould the enhanced
and/or added to the facilities in order to entice students to visit the
establishment more often.
2. Respondents/ Students of Silliman University – With this study, the
respondents, specifically the students of Silliman University, will be able
to share their views on their preferred place to study and the factors that
would influence them in choosing the setting.
Scope of the Study
The study conducted served the purpose of knowing which place
students’ preferred to study between library and coffee shops. In order to
meet the objectives of this research, the group used data-gathering
instruments covering the whole population of Silliman University college
students enrolled during summer class of school year 2014-2015.
Below are the factors that were considered during the conduct of the
research:
Convenience
Accessibility
Security
Comfort
Spaciousness
Population density
Cleanliness
Music
Chatter
Silence
Food
Free wifi
Charging station
Accessibility of other study materials
Definition of Terms
Students - students of Silliman University enrolled in summer classes for
school year 2014-2015.
Coffee shop – is a small, informal restaurant serving people usually with
coffee, tea, cakes, and other light refreshments. It is also a place where
people (mostly students) can go to study, do their homework or group work,
or socialize with other people.
Library – is a building containing collections of books, periodicals,
publications, and other materials (such as videos and musicals) that can be
read or borrowed by students for study or reference; Silliman University main
library.
Study environment – is the location preferred by a student based on its
comfortableness, quietness, atmosphere, and other factors than can possibly
affect the student’s working condition.
Study habits – are behaviors or practices that are used or observed by a
student in preparation for tests or in learning an academic material.
Research Methodology/Research Design
RESEARCH ENVIRONMENT
RESPONDENTS OF THE STUDY
The respondents of the study are the students of Silliman University
that are taking up the summer classes for the term SY 2014-2015. Of the
2,388 overall population for the summer semester, the researchers opted to
give questionnaires to 210 of the student body as respondents of the study.
The respondents were selected randomly to acquire data. The researchers
chose to survey students from Silliman University because the university has
a free, world-renowned library in the campus and there are a lot of coffee
shops which are in close proximity to the campus, both of which are fully
utilize by said students during Prelims, Midterms and Finals.
SAMPLING TECHNIQUE
The researchers determined the total number of sampling size by using
the Sloven’s Formula as shown below:
Nn = __________________
1 + Ne2
where:
n = sample size
N = total population
e = margin of error
The researchers used 7% as the percentage for margin of error. The
total population is 2833 which indicates the total number of students
enrolled for summer class in SY 2014 – 2015.
Using the Sloven’s Formula, it was determined that the sample size is
190. Shown below is the calculation of the sample size:
2833n = __________________
1 + [ (2833)(0.07)2 ]
2833n = __________________
1 + [ (2833)(0.0049]
2833n = __________________
1 + 13.8817
2833
n = __________________
14.8817
n = 190.36804 = 190 students
In this study, the researchers utilized purposive and convenience
sampling, which are both a non-probability sampling technique, wherein the
respondents are those who are conveniently available to participate in the
study and were also chosen based on the judgment of the researchers.
RESEARCH INSTRUMENT
The researchers used survey questionnaires in collecting the necessary
data which would be useful for the study. The survey questionnaires were
distributed to 210 students of Silliman University who are currently enrolled
in the summer class of SY 2014-2015.
In the first part of the survey questionnaire was the transmittal letter in
order to inform the respondents about the research study. It also asked for
student’s profile which includes the course and year, gender and the name
of respondent, which is optional. It was then followed by sets of questions
which would help the researchers in the course of their study.
The first three questions asked how often the respondents study in a
week, how long the respondents study in a day and during what time of the
day does the respondents prefers to study. The next one provides a list of
factors or considerations in choosing the place to study and asked the
respondents to choose only five and rank them from 1, which is the highest,
to 5, which is the lowest. Next, the respondents were asked to check the box
of the place they prefer to study whether in the library, coffee shop, both or
none in terms of the factors or considerations in choosing the place to study.
The sixth question asked the respondents where they usually prefer to study
whether in the library, coffee shop or other places. The last one asked the
respondents for any recommendations/suggestions/opinions to further
improve the study.
DATA COLLECTION PROCEDURE
This research focuses mainly on the Sillimanians’ study place
preference between libraries and coffee shops, so the researchers based the
sample size on the total population of 2,833 Silliman students taking up
summer classes in the school year 2014-2015. Next, the researchers used
the Sloven’s formula in determining the number of students they need for
the survey. Then, they useda sampling or margin of error between five
percent (5%) and seven percent (7%) because these variances are believed
to achieve better outcome. The computation resulted to a number of 190
respondents but the researchers have decided to distribute 210
questionnaires instead. The researchers then used the survey method
through questionnaires and were fairly divided among the members. After
which, the forms were given randomly to Silliman students. As soon as the
answered questionnaires, which only 203 forms were recollected, the
researchers classified the results sensibly and methodically for tabulation.
DATA ANALYSIS (STATISTICAL TREATMENT)
After tabulating the results of the survey, the group started to convert
these results into percentages to their respective variables. By doing such,
researchers were able to have an inclusive data analysis. Since this research
focuses on the student’s preference to study in a library or coffee shop,
conclusions will be derived from the results of the survey particularly from
the summation of answers from the 5th question in the questionnaire.
A graphical representation of the results of each question in the
survey, along with its description and the researchers’ interpretation is also
shown in this paper.
CHAPTER 2: PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF
DATA
In the course of the study, the researchers have carefully analyzed the
gathered data obtained using the survey method.Survey questionnaires were
distributed to the sample size of 205 students in Silliman University who are
taking summer classes, and the data gathered are presented in pie graphs
and in tables. Each graph and each table with results of the survey has been
studied and discussed by the researcher.
The researches observed that nowadays a lot of students go to coffee
shops in order to study or to work on their assignments and projects. Coffee
shops surround the Silliman University campus and it would be interesting to
find out whether students prefer to study in these establishments or in the
school library.
The following statements in this chapter will present the data
gathered. In addition, analysis and interpretation of such are given to further
justify the gathered information from the researchers' survey questionnaire.
1-2 days34%
3-4 days49%
5-6 days9%
more than 6 days2%
never5%
How many days do you study in a week?
Graph 1. The Number of Days Silliman University students study in a week.
less than an hour12%
1-2 hours47%
3-4 hours29%
5-6 hours8%
more than 6 hours4%
How many hours do you study in a day?
Graph 2. The number of hours students study in a day.
Graph 1 show that most students of Silliman University study in a
week. Of the 203 students composing the sample population, 95% said that
they study. However, the number of days that students study varies from
each individual. The two largest portions of the student population say they
study in 3-4 days (49%) and in 1-2 days (34%). And only a small portion of
the population (5%) says that they don’t study.
The number of hours students study varies depending on the
individual. As shown in Graph 2, most of the students spend1-2 hours of
studying in a day (47%).The time spend for studying for the 29% and the
12% of the population are 3-4 hours and 5 or more hours (of which is
composed of 8% for 5-6 hours and 4% for more than 6 hours) respectively.
Only a small portion of the population (4%), spend less than an hour in
studying. This means that most students would study and prepare for their
subjects for at least an hour.
The period of time spent in studying may differ but there is a common
denominator that all of the student have — focus. Concentration is one of the
essential elements in studying. This is the most important thing that a
student should have upon studying for their subjects. However, the level of
focus a person has would be different on each unique location he/she choose
to study at.
From the list of factors below, what are your top considerations when choosing the place to study? Choose five and rank them from 1 (highest) to 5 (lowest).
FactorsRank 1 Rank 2 Rank 3 Rank 4 Rank 5
TtlO/a
RankNo. Qlty. Val. No. Qlty. Val. No. Qlty. Val. No. Qlty. Val. No. Qlty. Val.
Convenience 39
25
975 27
20
540 32
15
480 20
10
200 14
5
70 2265 3rd
Accessibility 17 425 18 360 19 285 12 120 4 20 1210 6th
Security 7 175 12 240 15 225 13 130 18 90 860 8thComfort 50 1250 30 600 31 465 22 220 15 75 2610 1st
Spaciousness 6 150 10 200 10 150 16 160 14 70 730 9thPopulation
Density9 225 7 140 10 150 8 80 13 65 660 11th
Cleanliness 13 325 20 400 16 240 31 310 19 95 1370 5thMusic 11 275 6 120 6 90 4 40 9 45 570 12th
Chatter 4 100 2 40 7 105 2 20 4 20 285 14thSilence 51 1275 26 520 21 315 10 100 16 80 2290 2ndFood 7 175 14 280 14 210 16 160 23 115 940 7th
Free Wifi 23 575 19 380 17 255 19 190 26 130 1530 4thCharging Station
7 175 2 40 7 105 7 70 7 35 425 13th
Accessibility of Other Study
Materials
7 175 6 120 7 105 18 180 17 85 665 10th
Table 1. Factors that could affect students’ preference on the place to study.
Note: See Data Analysis in Chapter 1 for the computation technique.
Each individual considers different features in choosing their preferred
place to study. It would beneficial for the study to determine what factors
would affect most of the students’ preference. The researchers recognized
fourteen (14) factors—Convenience, Accessibility, Security, Comfort,
Spaciousness, Population Density, Cleanliness, Music, Chatter, Silence, Food,
Free Wifi, Charging Station, and Accessibility to Other Study Materials-- that
could have an impact to the students in their studying that would influence
their preference.
From the results shown in Table 1, the top 1 factor that students
consider in choosing a place to study in is comfort which have the biggest
value (2610 points) among the given factors. Proper air ventilation, lighting
and availability of comfortable furniture are important for the student to be
able to concentrate in studying. The study atmosphere of the area must be
conducive for studying in order students to have focus on what they are
doing.
The second factor that students consider is silence (2290 points).
Silence plays a great role in getting focused. In a test conducted by
psychologists in Florida on how fast a group of students wrote essays with
and without music in the background, it gave a result that it is difficult to
cope well with listening and writing simultaneously.
(www.dailymail.co.uk)Therefore, proving that sound can distract people in
studying.
The next factor in the rank (3rd) is convenience, having 2265 points.
The time allowed for students to stay in the area is also essential for
students to prepare for their classes. Having a longer period of time to stay
in the place means more time for them to study. Moreover, it would also
mean that they don’t have to hurry in studying just because they have to
leave the premises at a specific time.
Even with the research that says that music can only distract
individuals in the process of learning, there are still people who are more
comfortable to study with the presence of music in the background.
However, the results depicted in Table 1 shows that only a few of the
population would commend to listening to music while studying since it is
one of the least (ranked 12th out of 14) considered factors in choosing where
to study.
In terms of the following factors, check the box of the place you prefer.
Library
Percentag
e
Coffee
Shops
Percentag
e Both
Percentag
e
Non
e
Percentag
e
Tota
l
Comfort 73 0.36 55 0.27 56 0.28 19 0.09 203
Silence 151 0.74 18 0.09 15 0.07 19 0.09 203
Convenience 96 0.47 43 0.21 38 0.19 26 0.13 203
Free Wifi 61 0.30 56 0.28 66 0.33 20 0.10 203
Cleanliness 97 0.48 26 0.13 58 0.29 22 0.11 203
Accessibility 123 0.61 25 0.12 32 0.16 23 0.11 203
Food 10 0.05 162 0.80 15 0.07 16 0.08 203
Security 119 0.59 21 0.10 39 0.19 24 0.12 203
Spaciousness 131 0.65 20 0.10 35 0.17 17 0.08 203
Accessibility of Other
Study Materials142 0.70 21 0.10 25 0.12 15 0.07 203
Population Density 118 0.58 34 0.17 21 0.10 30 0.15 203
Music 22 0.11 115 0.57 18 0.09 48 0.24 203
Charging Station 95 0.47 31 0.15 49 0.24 28 0.14 203
Chatter 24 0.12 114 0.56 30 0.15 35 0.17 203
Total 1262 0.44 741 0.26 497 0.17 342 0.12
Table 2. The place students prefer in terms of the given factors. (Arranged according to rank based on Table 1.)
Table 2 shows which between library and coffee shops do students
prefer to study in relation to the given factors. The result shows that only
Music, Food and Chatter have a greater preference in the coffee shop while
the other remaining factors were preferred in the library. Obviously, these
three factors are permitted in coffee shops while discouraged in the library.
Thus, supporting the result why students would prefer the presence of the
factors -- Music, Food and Chatter in the coffee shop and not in the library.
In connection with the Convenience factor, determining the time of the
day students prefer to study would be beneficial. Aside from that, the
time of the day students prefer to study and the time business opens and
closes may have an effect in choosing the place.
18%
8%
4%
12%23%
36%
What time of the day do you prefer to study?
early morning (12:00 AM- 5:59 AM)
morning (6:00 AM - 10:59 AM)
noon (11:00 AM - 12:59 PM)
afternoon (1:00 PM - 5:59 PM)
evening (6:00 PM - 8:59 PM)
late evening (9:00 PM - 11:59 PM)
Graph 3.The time of the day where students prefer to study.
The graph presents that most students (36%) prefer to study at late
evening from 9 PM to 11:59 PM. The next preferred time is in the evening
from 6 PM to 8:59 PM and in the early morning from 12 AM to 5:59 AM which
have the 23% and 18% of the total vote of preference from the population.
23% (8% from morning, 4% from noon, and 11% from afternoon votes) says
they would like to study in between the period from 6 AM to 5:59 PM. This
suggests that almost half of the population, 46%, (23% of whichis from the
evening preference and the remaining is from the combination of the
morning, noon and afternoon preferences) would be inclined in studying
during the hours that the library is open and available for the students use.
Depending on the business/operating hours of the different coffee
shops scattered in Dumaguete City, the result shown in Table 2 suggests
that from almost all of the time preference stated except for the early
morning preference, students can study in these premises since these
establishments usually opens at 10 in the morning and closes at 10 in the
evening.
Graph 4.Place in which students prefer to study.
Library38%
Coffee Shop27%
House/Dorm24%
Others11%
Where do you prefer to study?
From the graph above, it shows that the Library have a bigger
percentage (38%) over the percentage of coffee shops (27%) in the students’
preference of the place to study. Having 24% of the vote, house/dorm is still
one of the top options of students on where to study.
The mixture of the results found from Table 1, Table 2, Graph 3, and
Graph 4 would tell that despite the convenience factor and the time of the
day that students prefer to study, they would still prefer to study in the
library than in any other places.
CHAPTER 3: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Conclusion
This comparative study determined which area is the more preferred
place of students for studying. It also includes which of the factors influenced
their choice the most in choosing the place and how their study times affect
their decision. Both are significantly different from each other but
nonetheless, both are major options for students for studying especially
during major exams like Midterms and Finals.
Based on the data collected from the survey, the top five factors that
the students consider in choosing a place to study are comfort, silence,
convenience, cleanliness and accessibility. In all the top five factors, the
library was the more preferred place. Overall, the library is the more
preferred place to study for students than coffee shops and other places.
Recommendation
Information gathered in this research showed some factors affecting
study habits. Hence, for further study, other factors should also be
considered – factors that do not just belong on the ‘comfort’ or ‘convenience’
aspect. One example may be the aroma or the interior design of the place
(factors that may possibly affect the psychological part of the students). The
aroma of the coffee, for some people, may trigger their brain to gear up and
their body to move. The placement of the furniture, as believed, can also
influence the student’s focus. (Therefore, research relating to this study
should also be open to other factors.)
The student’s level of productivity may also differ depending on what
type of work they are doing in a certain place. For example, a student who
closely studies (reading notes or memorizing) may prefer staying in a very
quiet place (depending on the preference) in order for him or her to retain
the information that he or she have read. But for a student, for instance, who
is working on a paper or solving a math problem may rather go to a not-so-
quiet place to be with his or her groupmates to be able to brainstorm. Thus,
such study regarding on the productivity level of a student’s studying
location can be put into consideration in addition to this research.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/06/080616092116.htm
APPENDIX
Sample Questionaire
SILLIMAN UNIVERSITY
DUMAGUETE CITY, PHILIPPINES
April 16, 2015
Dear Respondent,
We are students from Silliman University currently enrolled in
management 35 (Business Research).
To fulfil a requirement of our subject, we are conducting a study on the
topic The Preferred Place to Study for Students: Libraryor Coffee
Shops. In line with this, we seek your assistance to answeringthe
questionnaire with utmost honesty.
We assure you that all information you provide will be kept
confidential and will be solely used for the purpose of the said study.
Respectfully yours,
CARL BUHISAN ALFEOS JEE BONTOGBBA MGT-III BBA MGT-III
NORIEL CALUSCUSIN DON JOVIE DORIABBA MGT-III BBA MGT-III
JESSA EMIA GAIL TENAJABBA MGT-III BBA MGT-III
LANZ ORILLAN JESSA VENTOLIROBBA MGT-III BBA MGT-III
ALEXA VANIA VILLANUEVABBA MGT-III
Noted by:
PROF. MIRABELLE ENGCOYManagement 35 Adviser
Name (Optional) :
Course and Year :
Gender :
INSTRUCTIONS: Check the box corresponding to your answer.
1. How often do you study in a week?1-2 days 3-4 days Never 5-6 days More than 6 days
2. How long do you study in a day? Less than 1 hour 1-2 hours3-4 hours 5-6 hoursMore than 5 hours
3. During what time of the day do you prefer to study? (Check all that apply.)
Early Morning (12:00 AM – 5:59 AM) Morning (6:00 AM – 10:59 AM) Noon (11:00 AM – 12:59 PM) Afternoon (1:00 PM – 5:59 PM) Evening (6:00 PM – 8:59 PM) Late Evening (9:00 PM – 11:59 PM)
4. From the list of factors below, what are your top considerations when choosing the place to study? Choose five and rank them from 1 (highest) to 5 (lowest).
Convenience Accessibility Security Comfort Spaciousness Population Density Cleanliness Music Chatter Silence Food Free Wifi Charging Station Accessibility of Other Study Materials
5. In terms of the following factors, check the box of the place you prefer.
CONVENIENCE (no time limit to the place) Library Coffee shop Both
None
ACCESSIBILITY (nearer to school)
Library Coffee shop Both
None
SECURITY (located in a safe area; equipped with CCTV, etc.) Library Coffee shop Both
None
COMFORT (ventilation, lighting & furniture) Library Coffee shop Both
None
SPACIOUSNESS Library Coffee shop Both
None
POPULATION DENSITY (number of people within the area) Library Coffee shop Both
None
CLEANLINESS Library Coffee shop Both
None
MUSIC (background music)
Library Coffee shop Both
None
CHATTER (allows people to discuss)
Library Coffee shop Both
None
SILENCE
Library Coffee shop Both
None
FOOD
Library Coffee shop Both
None
FREE WIFI (availability and speed)
Library Coffee shop Both
None
CHARGING STATION (availability and cost)
Library Coffee shop Both
None
ACCESSIBILITY OF OTHER STUDY MATERIALS
Library Coffee shop Both
None
6. Where would you prefer to study?
Library Coffee shop Others, please specify:
7. Any recommendations/suggestions/opinion to improve this study?
Recommended