Building Construction Safety on the Job Site. Safety... All employees of an job have an obligation...

Building ConstructionSafety on the Job Site

Safety...• All employees of an job have an obligation to remain in a safe work environment

Safety...• All employees are obligated

to work safely!• Employees are obligated to

maintain a safe working environment!

Safety...

• The ultimate responsibility is…

• YOURS!!!

How do you maintain safety?

• follow safe work practices and procedures

• inspect safety equipment before use

• use safety equipment properly

NCCER• National Center for Construction

Education and Research

• Safety procedures were developed for the and by the construction industry

NCCER curriculum:

•Competency-based - must show that individuals can perform tasks

• vs. apprenticeship (# of hours)

Training for the job...

• You will be trained to be ready to work on the job

$$$$$$$$$$$• The construction industry

employs more jobs and pays more money than any other industry in the U.S.

Construction Industry

• People will always new homes, hospitals, schools, etc.

• Jobs easier to find than any other profession

Successful craftsperson

• able to use current trade material, tools, and equipment to produce high quality efficiency.

Successful craftsperson

• Must be able modify and adjust on the run

• must continue to train up skills

• never endangers coworkers life

Accidents...• cause by poor behavior OR poor

work conditions

• Being aware that accidents can and will occur will allow you to know how to deal with then when they occur

Possible causes of accidents:

• Failure to communicate

• poor work habits

• alcohol or drug abuse

• Lack of skill

• intentional acts

• unsafe acts

• unsafe conditions

Communication:

• Allows new workers to know how certain procedures are done

•NEVER ASSUME ANYTHING!!!

Communication Signs:• Informational (blue)

• shows general information

• NO ADMITTANCE

• NO TRESPASSING

• FOR EMPLOYEES ONLY

• Safety (green)

• general instruction about safety measures

• FIRST-AID

• EMERGENCY EYE WASH

• MSDS STATIONS

Communication Signs:• Caution -

• black/yellow

• warns against potential hazards and/or unsafe acts

• Hearing/eye protection required

• No smoking

• Danger-red/black/white

• informs that immediate hazards exist

• defective equipment

• flammable liquids / compressed gases

• safety barriers / barricades

Communication Signs:

•Safety Tags - any color

• temporary warning

•OUT OF ORDER

Poor Work Habits:• procrastination - putting things off (repair /

inspection / cleaning)• carelessness - tools don’t know the difference

between steel/wood and flesh/bone• horse playing - ABSOLUELY

UNEXCEPTABLE

Habits vs. Attitudes

• Resist taking orders, resist listening to warnings

• easily distracted, won’t concentrate on task

• no concentration lends to accidents

Your Safety...

•…is 100% related to you and your coworkers actions

Horse playing...

• …will get you fired on the job

• …will get you in MAJOR TROUBLE in shop class

Alcohol and Drug Abuse

• Not only is it dangerous to the user, it is also dangerous to everyone else on the job site.

• It is possible that insurance companies can deny you compensation, if you are found to be on drugs, etc.

Lack of Skill Training:

• Never use a tool that you have not been trained to use

Intentional Acts:

• Purposely causing an accident

• “pay back” / “getting even” because of anger

Unsafe Acts:• Change from the accepted, normal way

• may not be intentional, but still unsafe

• using tools in a way not intended

• using defective equipment

• loading / placing supplies improperly

• not putting equipment back in the correct location

Unsafe Conditions:• Condition of work environment is different from

accepted, normal condition

• congested workplace

• defective tools, equipment, or supplies

• excessive noise

• hazardous atmospheric condition (dust, fumes, vapors, etc.)

• poor cleanliness

• poor lighting

Housekeeping:• Keeping work area clean from scraps or spills• keep scraps in designated area• store materials / supplies in safe location• flammable liquids must be stored in safe location• dispose of waste often• PRIDE OF WORKMANSHIP!!!• “There’s a place for everything, and everything in its place”• TAKE PRIDE IN YOUR WORKMANSHIP!!!

OSHA• Occupational Safety and Health

Administration

• Mission

• save lives, prevent injuries, and protect the health of America’s workers

OSHA...• Employers - responsible for complying with

OSHA’s standards

• …required to identify hazards, eliminate and/or control or provide protection from those standards

• Employee - has ULTIMATE responsibility, must obey standards that are in place

Reporting injuries, Accidents, and Incidents… .

• Injury - anything requiring treatment

• Accident - anything that causes injury

• Incident - anything that could have caused injury

FATALITIES...

• #1 fatality on construction industry job sites are…

• Falling off elevated structures

Hazards on the job...• Gas leak - get up wind

• Welding - use eye protection, wear long sleeves, hat backwards, ear plugs, leather gloves, high boots (under pants)

Trenches / Excavations• Danger of cave-ins and objects falling into hole

• don’t place object on edge of area

• don’t jump over or straddle trench

• use ladder to climb out…don’t climb dirt ‘wall’

• barricade 2’ around perimeter of area

Proximity Work

• Working in the area, but not in direct contact of the work

• use barricades to prevent accidental contact

Confined Spaces• Large enough space for someone to work

but has limited means of entry or exit

• Ex. tanks, vessels, silos, storage bins, hopper, vaults, pits, and mines

• often contain hazardous gases/vapors because of lack of ventilation

• Ex. welding

Motorized Vehicles• All internal combustion engines give

off carbon monoxide (tasteless, odorless, colorless)

• This gas can kill you!!!

• Always have good ventilation

• use signaler

Motorized Vehicles

• Cranes are often used when you cannot see an area where work is being done and verbal communication is impossible...

• Therefore, visual communication is needed

• Hand signals communicate desired actions page 1-20 --> 1-21

Lockout/Tagout• Safeguards workers from hazardous energy

while they work with machines and equipment

• this prevents any miscommunication of possible sources of energy such as electrical, mechanical, hydraulic, thermal (heat), and pneumatic (air)

• the person who does lockout/tagout is the ONLY person to remove locks and tags

Barriers and Barricades

• If opening in a wall is 3’ or less and the fall would be 4’ or more, it needs protection

Barriers and Barricades• railings - across wall openings or floor

opening

• warning barricades (warning but no protection)…warning tape

• red - no one may enter

• yellow - danger exist, enter with caution

• yellow/purple - radiation

Barriers and Barricades

• Protective barriers - gives visual warning and provides protection (fence)

• blinking lights - allows identification at night

• hole covers - secured and labeled, must be strong enough to withstand twice the normal load

PPEs• Personal Protective Equipment

• protects against accidents

• regularly inspect them

• properly car for them

• use them properly

• never alter them

Hard Hats

• Protects blows to the head

• headband must have snug fit

• don’t wear backwards or tilted

Eye Protection

• Safety glasses, goggles, face shields

• inspect for cleanliness and scratches

• place in UV cabinet so they can be sterilized

Safety Harness• Protect from falls

• D-ring and lanyard

• must be snug around pelvis

• used when 6’ above ground, near opening in floor, deep hole, or protruding rebar

Gloves

• Cloth, canvas, leather, or rubber

• regularly inspect

• protect against sharp objects, rough materials, oils/chemicals, or electricity

Shoes

• Preferred type is rubber soled, steel-toed boots

• never wear sandals, flip-flops, or shoes that expose the foot

Hearing Protection• Hearing damage is painless, which

makes hearing protection extra important

• Earplugs - clean regularly

• Earmuffs - fit snuggly

• With extreme noise, wear both

Breathing Protection• respirators

Lifting heavy objects• 1/4 of the occupational injuries

occur when moving/lifting heavy materials

• use your legs… NOT your back!!!

Aerial Work

• Working off the ground

• Two ways to work in the air

• 1. Ladders

• 2. Scaffold

Ladders• Know the maximum intended load

• 4 classes:

• Type IA - 300 lbs. Extra heavy duty

• Type I - 250 lbs. Heavy duty must • Type II - 225 lbs. Medium duty

include

• Type III - 200 lbs. Light duty all tools

Ladders• Types:

• 1. Straight ladder - wood, metal, fiberglass

• use at proper angle, base 1/4 distance of height

• top 3’ higher than structure

• never use as platform

• firm on level ground

• use 3 pt. touch when climbing

Ladders• 2. Extension ladder - two straight ladders

• adjustable

• rung locks

• rope

• 3. Stepladder - straight ladder with hinge

• use only the side with steps

• lock out spreader brackets

Scaffolds• Carefully inspect every time before use

• two types: manufactured (stationary) and rolling (moveable)

• OSHA - requires tags on all scaffolding

• green / yellow / red

• must always check scaffolding on your own…don’t rely on someone else

Scaffolding• If scaffolding is

over 10’ high, OSHA requires:

• top rails

• mid-rails

• toe boards

• cross-bracing

• planking

HazCom

• Hazard Communication Standard

• allows employees to know of hazardous chemical exist

• MSDS - Material Safety Data Sheet

• identifies any warnings, etc. that may exist

Fire Safety• 3 things needed for a fire:

• fuel - anything w/ oxygen increases the rate of burning

• heat - where fuel gives off vapor (very low temperatures)

• oxygen - always present with fire

Prevention

• Limit the 3 needed elements

• ventilation

• never smoke

• dispose of oily rags appropriately

• inspect fir extinguisher

• knows how to use fir extinguisher

Fire Extinguishers

• Classes of Fire:

• A - ordinary (wood/paper) - water

• B - grease/oil - carbon dioxide

• C - electrical - smother

• D - metals - powder

Electrical Safety• Electricity - flow of electrons

• uses conductors (Ag, Cu, steel, Al)

• body (especially in water) is a good conductor

• must take extra precaution when working with electricity

Electrical Current• In order for electricity to flow, a complete

circuit must be made

• Electricity will always take the path of least resistance (usually the shortest)

• If there is no where to go it will travel into the earth…called ground

• This all happens in less than a second

GFCI• Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter

• GFCI breakers detect the difference in amps between what is going in and what is going out.

• If it detects a difference, it breaks the circuit

• Found anywhere that water may be

Basic Electrical Safety

• p. 1-51• 11 rules

• If someone is getting shock, ALWAYS disconnect the circuit first…it may save their life!