View
219
Download
2
Category
Tags:
Preview:
Citation preview
Biomolecules
Mrs. McKinneyPAP Biology
4 Biomolecules
include
that consist of
which contain
that consist of that consist of that consist of
which contain which contain which contain
Section 2-3
Fill-in the concept map and use your chart to compare the biomolecules – draw the structure under each category.
CarbonCompounds
include
that consist of
which contain
that consist of that consist of that consist of
which contain which contain which contain
Section 2-3
Concept Map
Carbohydrates Lipids Nucleic acids Proteins
Sugars and starches
Fats and oils Nucleotides Amino Acids
Carbon,hydrogen,
oxygen
Carbon,hydrogen,
oxygen
Carbon,hydrogen,oxygen, nitrogen,
phosphorus
Carbon,hydrogen,oxygen,
nitrogen,
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall1
Macromolecules
Proteins Lipids
Nucleic Acids
Monomers (M) (Building Blocks)
(Building Blocks
4 Classes of Organic Compounds
All Contain Carbon
starches
cellulose
glycogen
CHO
steroids
oils
fats
waxes
CHO
CHONS
CHONP
muscle fibers
cytoskeleton
enzymes
M= Amino Acids
M= Nucleotides
M= Fatty Acids and
Glycerol
M=Sugars
RNA
DNA
Carbohydrates
C H O 1: 2: 1
Monomer: Sugar Main source of
energy, especially short term energy
Used for genetic material, which codes for traits
Monomer: Nucleotide C H O N P
DNA: A C G T
Monosaccharide: simple sugar
Disaccharide: double (two) sugars
Polysaccharide: many (large) sugars
RNA: A G C U
Carbohydrates
Glucose,
Starch,
Cellulose, Glycogen
Nucleic Acids
DNA, RNA, ATP
Macromolecules
Lipids
Fats, Oils,
Waxes
Proteins Enzymes, Cell structure
Saturated: only C-C single bonds
Unsaturated: at least 1 C = C double bond
Triglyceride: 3 fatty acids + glycerol Bonded by: Peptide Bonds Used for antibodies, muscle
C H O
Monomer: Triglyceride
Used for long term energy storage
movement, enzymes, hormones, structure, transport, and to store amino acids
Monomer: Amino Acid
C H O N (S)
Warm-Up
• Title: Biomolecules• Date:
• List the percentages of each:– Fat– Carbohydrates– Protein
• Describe how each one is important to you? How do they help your body?
What am a I learning today????
• Identify biomolecules.• Compare the structure and functions of
biomolecules known as:– Carbohydrates– Lipids– Proteins– Nucleic acids
• AHHHHH……WHAT???? Let’s simplify these terms.
Biomolecules
• Carbohydrates:– Aka: sugars – glucose, sucrose,
fructose, etc– Function: Provide energy
• Lipids:– Aka: fats – triglycerides,
saturated/unsaturated– Function: Long-term energy,
insulation
Biomolecules
• Proteins:– Aka: Amino acids –– Function: build muscle, bones, pretty
much the body
• Nucleic Acids:– Aka: DNA/RNA – your genetic code– Function: Instructions for your cell –
the BIG BOSS
So lets think about this….
• Bio-molecules make:– Organelles (tiny cell organs)– Cells– Tissue– Organ– Organ systes– Organsism
Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids,
found in food help make me along
with nucleic acids!!!!
How about orange juice?
Carbohydrates???
Lipids???
Proteins???
How about meat?
Carbohydrates???
Lipids???
Proteins???
How about ice cream?
Carbohydrates???
Lipids???Proteins???
List the 4 Biomolecules
• 1. Carbohydrates• 2. Lipids• 4. Proteins• 5. Nucleic Acids
Biomolecules Chart
• As we go through the powerpoint, fill in your chart.
• Using a Index Card you will draw an example of each Biomolcule
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
.Fill this in on the side of your chart
Monomers – single unit
Polymers – many single units joined together
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Four groups of organic compounds found in living things are:
• carbohydrates
• proteins
• nucleic acids
• lipids
Copy this on the top of your chart.
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates
Compounds made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms,
Ratio of 1 : 2 : 1.
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Carbohydrates
What is the function of carbohydrates?
Source of Energy for cell function
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Carbohydrates
Different sizes of carbohydrates:
Monosaccharides – single (1) sugar (glucose- C6H12O6, fructose)
Disaccharides – double (2) sugar (sucrose-C12H22O11)
Polysaccharides – many sugars (starch, glycogen, cellulose)
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Carbohydrates
Polysaccharides: Starches and sugars - examples of carbohydrates that are used by living things as a source of energy.
Examples:Cellulose - plants make it for cell walls
Starch - (long chain of glucose)
Glycogen – stored in humans
• Show me what you know:
• On the following slides are questions you should be able to answer thus far.
• Let’s try it out!!!
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
2–3
Large carbohydrate molecules such as starch are known as
a. lipids.
b. monosaccharides.
c. proteins.
d. polysaccharides.
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
2–3
Which of the following statements about cellulose is true?
a. Animals make it and use it to store energy.
b. Plants make it and use it to store energy.
c. Animals make it and use it as part of the skeleton.
d. Plants make it and use it to give structural support to cells.
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Proteins
macromolecules that contain nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
- Monomer: amino acids.
- Polymer: protein (polypeptide chain)
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Proteins
Amino Acids: connected by peptide bonds
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
ProteinsFunction of Proteins
Instructions for arranging amino acids into many different proteins are stored in DNA.
AminoAcids
Protein Molecule
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Proteins
Some functions of proteins:
–Control rate of reactions – Enzymes
–Used to form bones and muscles
–Transport substances into or out of cells
–Help to fight disease - antibodies
• Show me what you know:
• On the following slides are questions you should be able to answer thus far.
• Let’s try it out!!!
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
2–3
Proteins are among the most diverse macromolecules because
a. they contain both amino groups and carboxyl groups.
b. they can twist and fold into many different and complex structures.
c. they contain nitrogen as well as carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
d. their R groups can be either acidic or basic.
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
2–3
A major difference between polysaccharides and proteins is that
a. plants make polysaccharides, while animals make proteins.
b. proteins are made of monomers, while polysaccharides are not.
c. polysaccharides are made of monosaccharides, while proteins are made of amino acids.
d. proteins carry genetic information, while polysaccharides do not.
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Nucleic Acids
Nucleic acids store and transmit hereditary, or genetic, information.
ribonucleic acid (RNA)
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Nucleic Acids
Nucleic Acids
nucleotides – monomers of Nucleic Acids.
Monomer: nucleotides
Polymer: DNA or RNA
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Nucleic Acids
Nucleotides consist of three parts:
• a 5-carbon sugar
• a phosphate group
• a nitrogenous base
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Lipids
Lipids
not soluble in water.
Common categories of lipids are:
fats
oils
waxes
steroids
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Lipids
Function of Lipids:
Used to store energy.
Important parts of biological membranes and waterproof coverings.
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Lipids
glycerol Fatty acid
• Triglyceride
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
• Show me what you know:
• On the following slides are questions you should be able to answer thus far.
• Let’s try it out!!!
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
2–3
Many lipids are formed from glycerol and
a. fatty acids.
b. monosaccharides.
c. amino acids.
d. nucleic acids.
Write this down on the back
Monomer + monomer = polymer
Glucose + glucose = carbs
Amino acid + amino acid = protein
Glycerol + 3 fatty acids = lipid
Nucleotide + nucleotide = nucleic acid (DNA/RNA)
Recommended