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8/14/2019 BIO 205 Chapter 6 Part 2 Lecture
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BIO 205
Chapter 6, Part 2
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Aerobic Respiration
C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 38ADP + 38P 6CO2 + 6H2O +38ATP
Oxidative Phosphorylation
Krebs Cycle
Glycolysis
Three Processes:
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Spitting out carbon dioxide, ATP, NADH, and FADH2
Picking up pyruvate molecules from glycolysis
The Krebs cycle is like a constantly turning wheel:
This releases 2 NADH and 2 CO2
Combine the carbon with coenzyme A (CoA)to form acetyl-CoA
Remove a carbon from each pyruvatemolecule.
Before entering the Krebs cycle, enzymes:
The Krebs cycle is also called the citric acid cycle
The Krebs Cycle Extracts More Energy from Pyruvate.
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2 FADH2
6 NADH
2 ATP
4 CO2
For each two pyruvatemolecules that enterthe cycle, thefollowing moleculesare formed:
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2 FADH2
10 NADH
4 ATP
Totals
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Aerobic Respiration
C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 38ADP + 38P 6CO2 + 6H2O +38ATP
Oxidative Phosphorylation
Krebs Cycle
Glycolysis
Three Processes:
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Oxygen accepts the electron pair at the end of the chain, acquires2 protons, and becomes water
NADH and FADH2 provide the source electrons for oxidative
phosphorylation
The electron transport chain is composed of electron carrierscalled cytochromes
The energy released is used to combine phosphate with ADP to
form ATP
Pairs of electrons are passed from one chemical substance toanother (electron transport), releasing energy
Oxidative PhosphorylationIs the Process by Which Most ATPMolecules Form
Oxidative Phosphorylation
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ATP synthase harnesses the energy from the flowing protons to phosphorylate ADPinto ATP
A channel opens and the protons flow in through a channel in ATP synthase
The protons outside the membrane build up a concentration gradient
As the electrons move down the chain they use energy, which is harnessed topump protons out of the cell (chemiosmosis)
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Oxidative phosphorylation
The Krebs cycle
Glycolysis
Many mono-, di-, and
polysaccharides can be energysources for prokaryotes
Other Nutrients Represent PotentialEnergy Sources.
Other Aspects of Catabolism
They must all be preparedbefore being processed by:
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Fatty acids are broken down through beta oxidation
Deamination is the replacement of the amino group ina protein with a carbonyl group in protein breakdown
Cells use proteins for energy when fats andcarbohydrates are lacking
Chemical bonds in fats store large amounts of energy,making fats good energy sources
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Anaerobic respiration produces less ATP thanaerobic respiration
In anaerobic respiration, anaerobes use molecules
other than oxygen as the final e- receptor in the ETC
Anaerobic Respiration Produces ATP Using OtherFinal Electron Acceptors
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Pyruvate can be converted to lactic acid to reform NAD+coenzymes so glycolysis can produce ATP from glucose
Fermentation is used when oxygen and other alternativeelectron acceptors are unavailable
Fermentation Produces ATP Using an Organic Final Electron Receptor.
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Eukaryotes also perform fermentation, such as the yeast used in
alcoholic fermentation to create alcoholic beverages
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Patterns of Metabolism
Chemoautotrophs use inorganic compounds as theirenergy source.
Photoautotrophs use light as their energy source.
Autotrophs synthesize their own foods from simplecarbon sources like carbon dioxide.
Autotrophs and Heterotrophs Get Their Energy and
Carbon in Different Ways.
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Chemoheterotrophs use organic compoundsboth for energy and carbon sources.
Photoheterotrophs use light as their energysource and organic compounds as their source ofcarbon.
Heterotrophs gain energy and carbon fromoutside sources.
Parasites feed on living organic matter.
Saprobes feed exclusively on dead organic
matter.
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End of Chapter 6, Part 2
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