View
216
Download
2
Category
Preview:
Citation preview
Bell Ringer
What is a country?
What is a nation?
Country
In order for a “country” to be a “country”” it must Have internationally recognized boundaries
Have a government
Have sovereignty (no other State can have power over it)
Be recognized as a country by other countries
Is England a country?
Nations
Culturally homogenous groups of people who share Language
Historical experiences
Religions
culture
Can nations exist without states?
Is the United States a nation?
Who cares?
This is important!
Major cause of WWI will be nationalism
M A I N C A U S E S
WWI
MAIN causes of WWI
Militarism
Alliances
Imperialism
Nationalism
Nationalism
A strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one’s country.
How is nationalism positive?
How is it negative?
Origins of Nationalism
Where have we seen nationalism before? Rome
100 Years War
Napoleon
Causes
Group formation Why is this necessary?
The need for protection Where have we seen this?
Industrial Revolution How?
Quick Review: The Congress of Vienna
A quick summary of stuff we skipped
More awesome facial hair!
Otto von Bismarck Unifies Germany for
the first time
Germany will become major European power
What else do you notice about the image?
Italian Unification
Mazzini-Italian nationalist who called for unification
Cavour
Politician who helped gain independence to Italian speaking areas
Garibaldi
Fought outside forces to further gain independence
Nationalism and WWI
Why was Nationalism a problem?
Aggressive nationalism
Rebellions among minorities
Balkans
Bell Ringer
What does the word imperialism mean?
What are some countries that have been imperialistic
For homework due Friday December 7th, Read all of Chapter 27 and answer questions 11-21 and 28-33 on pages 698-699
New Imperialism
Main Ideas
In the late 1800’s industrial nations of the West engaged in imperialism and dominated much of the world.
By the end of the 1800’s the imperialist powers of Europe claimed control over most of Africa and Asia
Imperialism
Definition: the control of one people by another
Can be political, economic, or cultural
1800 Europe controls 7% of world territory
1914- 84%
Old Imperialism New Imperialism
Usually did not acquire territory
What did they do instead?
Exception?
Primary goal? Trade
Direct conquest of lands
Where will this occur?
Primary goal? Raw materials
Consequences? Haves and Have nots
Differences Between Imperialism
Causes
National Competition
Economics
White Mans Burden
Technological Superiority
White Man’s Burden
racist patronizing that preached that the “superior” Westerners had an obligation to bring their culture to “uncivilized” peoples in other parts of the world
What are some issues
with this definition?
Origins?
Effects?
How will this impact imperialism
Scramble for Africa
By 1914, all of Africa will be controlled by Europeans except for Liberia and Ethiopia
Major Players Belgium
Britain
Germany
France
Spain
Rules You must control the
territory
Slavery not allowed
Effects?
Africa, pre-1880
Africa Pre-1880
Africa during the age of the New Imperialism
India The “Jewel in the Crown”
Britain in India
British East India Company Trading posts (1600)
Controls India after the fall of the Moghal Empire (1757)
India
Over 300,000,000 people 80% of the British Empire’s subjects
Cash crops: cotton and opium
Asian Imperialism Video
Pay Special attention to the ways that virtually all of Asia was conquered
H O M E W O R K D U E M O N D A Y . T E L L Y O U R F R I E N D S .
Militarism, Alliances, and the Spark
Main Ideas
The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand sparked WWI
Modern weapons resulted in huge numbers of casualties and led to a stalemate
Militarism
Definition: Glorification of the military
Why was there a need to develop larger armies during this time period?
1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1914
94 130 154 268 289 398
Total Defense Expenditures for the Great Powers [Ger., A-H, It., Fr., Br., Rus.]
in millions of £s.
1910-1914 Increase in Defense
Expenditures
France 10%
Britain 13%
Russia 39%
Germany 73%
Alliances Definition: Agreements
between countries to look out for each other’s well being
Can be political, economic, and military based
What potential issues can you see from this figure?
Relationships between MAIN Causes
Nationalism Imperialism Militarism Alliances
Why is this an accurate representation?
In what ways can this be challenged?
The Spark
Assassination of Austria Hungary’s Archduke Franz Ferdinand
Origins
Where did problems in the Balkans originate from?
Origins of Problems in the Balkans
Pan-Slavism Attempt to unite all Slavic people. Big source of nationalism.
Serbian Nationalism Many Serb’s were under the rule of Austria-Hungary, and they
wanted independence.
Imperialism First by the Ottomans, then by Austria-Hungary
War Begins
Allied Powers Central Powers
Russia
Great Britain
France
Eventually the U.S.
Germany
Austria-Hungary
Ottoman Empire
Alliances at Beginnings of War
An “Industrial War”
What do you think was different about this war than other wars that had been fought before?
New War Tactics
Trench Warfare Why was this necessary?
No Man’s Land
Consequences?
Poison Gas
Airplanes
Submarines
Total War
Definition: Channeling of a nation’s entire resources into a war effort
“The Draft” – Conscription
Propaganda
Food rationing
Supply rationing
Role of Women
WWI Propaganda
Women and the War Effort
Financing the War
For Recruitment
Munitions Workers
French Women Factory Workers
German Women Factory Workers
Working in the Fields
A Woman Ambulance Driver
Red Cross Nurses
Women in the Army Auxiliary
Russian Women Soldiers
Spies
“Mata Hari”
Real Name: Margareetha Geertruide Zelle
German Spy!
Bell Ringer
What are the causes of WWI
TEST FRIDAY ON F.R. NAPOLEON INDUSTRIAL Revolution AND WWI
HW: Due Friday Read Chapter 28 Notes on Sections 3 and 4 due Friday
End of the War
Main Ideas
The entrance of the U.S. into the war sparked the allies to victory
The Treaty of Versailles brought an end to WWI
Sinking of the Lusitania
Zimmermann Note
Instructions: Read the following document to answer these two questions:
What does the Zimmermann note tell Mexico to do?
Would you agree to the request if you were Mexico? Why or why not.
U.S. Involvement
End of isolationism
“To make the world safe for democracy”
Fourteen Points President Wilsons plan for peace in Europe
True World War
Japan seized German colonies in China
Britain and France attacked German colonies in Africa
British and French armies fought in the Middle East Arabs fought against Ottomans
The Armenian Genocide
Over a million Armenians systematically killed by the Ottoman Turks
Continues to be a controversial issue
End of the War
Germany Civilian government vs. military
Austria-Hungary Ethnic minorities
November 11, 1918
The Treaty of Versailles
Stipulations of the Treaty
1. Germany military reduced
2. Rhineland permanently demilitarized • Occupied for 15 years
3. Reparations 1. Payments by the losers for war damage
2. $30 billion
4. Germany forfeits all colonies • Mandates
5. Article 231: The War Guilt Clause 1. Germany assumes full blame for the war
1. Problems? Is this okay?
Implications of the Treaty
1. Self Determination for some… • Colonies were redistributed
• New countries in Central Europe and in the Balkans
2. Germany humiliated • Diktat
• The “Stab in the Back”
3. No foundation for lasting peace 1. League of Nations
1. European collection of countries whose goal was to prevent war in the future
1. Failed to work
4. New Map
Recommended