Bell Ringer

What is a country?

What is a nation?

Country

In order for a “country” to be a “country”” it must Have internationally recognized boundaries

Have a government

Have sovereignty (no other State can have power over it)

Be recognized as a country by other countries

Is England a country?

Nations

Culturally homogenous groups of people who share Language

Historical experiences

Religions

culture

Can nations exist without states?

Is the United States a nation?

Who cares?

This is important!

Major cause of WWI will be nationalism

M A I N C A U S E S

WWI

MAIN causes of WWI

Militarism

Alliances

Imperialism

Nationalism

Nationalism

A strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one’s country.

How is nationalism positive?

How is it negative?

Origins of Nationalism

Where have we seen nationalism before? Rome

100 Years War

Napoleon

Causes

Group formation Why is this necessary?

The need for protection Where have we seen this?

Industrial Revolution How?

Quick Review: The Congress of Vienna

A quick summary of stuff we skipped

More awesome facial hair!

Otto von Bismarck Unifies Germany for

the first time

Germany will become major European power

What else do you notice about the image?

Italian Unification

Mazzini-Italian nationalist who called for unification

Cavour

Politician who helped gain independence to Italian speaking areas

Garibaldi

Fought outside forces to further gain independence

Nationalism and WWI

Why was Nationalism a problem?

Aggressive nationalism

Rebellions among minorities

Balkans

Bell Ringer

What does the word imperialism mean?

What are some countries that have been imperialistic

For homework due Friday December 7th, Read all of Chapter 27 and answer questions 11-21 and 28-33 on pages 698-699

New Imperialism

Main Ideas

In the late 1800’s industrial nations of the West engaged in imperialism and dominated much of the world.

By the end of the 1800’s the imperialist powers of Europe claimed control over most of Africa and Asia

Imperialism

Definition: the control of one people by another

Can be political, economic, or cultural

1800 Europe controls 7% of world territory

1914- 84%

Old Imperialism New Imperialism

Usually did not acquire territory

What did they do instead?

Exception?

Primary goal? Trade

Direct conquest of lands

Where will this occur?

Primary goal? Raw materials

Consequences? Haves and Have nots

Differences Between Imperialism

Causes

National Competition

Economics

White Mans Burden

Technological Superiority

White Man’s Burden

racist patronizing that preached that the “superior” Westerners had an obligation to bring their culture to “uncivilized” peoples in other parts of the world

What are some issues

with this definition?

Origins?

Effects?

How will this impact imperialism

Scramble for Africa

By 1914, all of Africa will be controlled by Europeans except for Liberia and Ethiopia

Major Players Belgium

Britain

Germany

France

Spain

Rules You must control the

territory

Slavery not allowed

Effects?

Africa, pre-1880

Africa Pre-1880

Africa during the age of the New Imperialism

India The “Jewel in the Crown”

Britain in India

British East India Company Trading posts (1600)

Controls India after the fall of the Moghal Empire (1757)

India

Over 300,000,000 people 80% of the British Empire’s subjects

Cash crops: cotton and opium

Asian Imperialism Video

Pay Special attention to the ways that virtually all of Asia was conquered

H O M E W O R K D U E M O N D A Y . T E L L Y O U R F R I E N D S .

Militarism, Alliances, and the Spark

Main Ideas

The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand sparked WWI

Modern weapons resulted in huge numbers of casualties and led to a stalemate

Militarism

Definition: Glorification of the military

Why was there a need to develop larger armies during this time period?

1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1914

94 130 154 268 289 398

Total Defense Expenditures for the Great Powers [Ger., A-H, It., Fr., Br., Rus.]

in millions of £s.

1910-1914 Increase in Defense

Expenditures

France 10%

Britain 13%

Russia 39%

Germany 73%

Alliances Definition: Agreements

between countries to look out for each other’s well being

Can be political, economic, and military based

What potential issues can you see from this figure?

Relationships between MAIN Causes

Nationalism Imperialism Militarism Alliances

Why is this an accurate representation?

In what ways can this be challenged?

The Spark

Assassination of Austria Hungary’s Archduke Franz Ferdinand

Origins

Where did problems in the Balkans originate from?

Origins of Problems in the Balkans

Pan-Slavism Attempt to unite all Slavic people. Big source of nationalism.

Serbian Nationalism Many Serb’s were under the rule of Austria-Hungary, and they

wanted independence.

Imperialism First by the Ottomans, then by Austria-Hungary

War Begins

Allied Powers Central Powers

Russia

Great Britain

France

Eventually the U.S.

Germany

Austria-Hungary

Ottoman Empire

Alliances at Beginnings of War

An “Industrial War”

What do you think was different about this war than other wars that had been fought before?

New War Tactics

Trench Warfare Why was this necessary?

No Man’s Land

Consequences?

Poison Gas

Airplanes

Submarines

Total War

Definition: Channeling of a nation’s entire resources into a war effort

“The Draft” – Conscription

Propaganda

Food rationing

Supply rationing

Role of Women

WWI Propaganda

Women and the War Effort

Financing the War

For Recruitment

Munitions Workers

French Women Factory Workers

German Women Factory Workers

Working in the Fields

A Woman Ambulance Driver

Red Cross Nurses

Women in the Army Auxiliary

Russian Women Soldiers

Spies

“Mata Hari”

Real Name: Margareetha Geertruide Zelle

German Spy!

Bell Ringer

What are the causes of WWI

TEST FRIDAY ON F.R. NAPOLEON INDUSTRIAL Revolution AND WWI

HW: Due Friday Read Chapter 28 Notes on Sections 3 and 4 due Friday

End of the War

Main Ideas

The entrance of the U.S. into the war sparked the allies to victory

The Treaty of Versailles brought an end to WWI

Sinking of the Lusitania

Zimmermann Note

Instructions: Read the following document to answer these two questions:

What does the Zimmermann note tell Mexico to do?

Would you agree to the request if you were Mexico? Why or why not.

U.S. Involvement

End of isolationism

“To make the world safe for democracy”

Fourteen Points President Wilsons plan for peace in Europe

True World War

Japan seized German colonies in China

Britain and France attacked German colonies in Africa

British and French armies fought in the Middle East Arabs fought against Ottomans

The Armenian Genocide

Over a million Armenians systematically killed by the Ottoman Turks

Continues to be a controversial issue

End of the War

Germany Civilian government vs. military

Austria-Hungary Ethnic minorities

November 11, 1918

The Treaty of Versailles

Stipulations of the Treaty

1. Germany military reduced

2. Rhineland permanently demilitarized • Occupied for 15 years

3. Reparations 1. Payments by the losers for war damage

2. $30 billion

4. Germany forfeits all colonies • Mandates

5. Article 231: The War Guilt Clause 1. Germany assumes full blame for the war

1. Problems? Is this okay?

Implications of the Treaty

1. Self Determination for some… • Colonies were redistributed

• New countries in Central Europe and in the Balkans

2. Germany humiliated • Diktat

• The “Stab in the Back”

3. No foundation for lasting peace 1. League of Nations

1. European collection of countries whose goal was to prevent war in the future

1. Failed to work

4. New Map