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Automated Bus Consortium
ProgramMN Guidestar Update
Presented by Daryl TaavolaApril 4, 2019
ACCELERATING AUTOMATED TECHNOLOGY FOR TRANSIT SERVICES
Automated Bus Technology Deployment Program 2
• Automated shuttle
technology is proven
• Appears feasible to transfer
AV shuttle technology to
full size buses
• Vendors need a market to
cost-effectively produce these
buses
• Concept: Joint procurement
of 75-100 buses by 10 - 12
agencies
Summary of Concept
Automated Bus Technology Deployment Program
Goal of Automated Bus Consortium
Deploy full size, full speed automated buses:
• in a variety of geographies and applications to
advance the industry understanding of the
technology
• leverage the technology to improve safety,
reliability, operating efficiency and customer
experience.
Automated Bus Technology Deployment Program
LAS VEGAS AUTONOMOUS BUSES
– AUTOMATED BUS ROUTE ON
FREEMONT STREET
– PUBLIC STREETS:
MIXED TRAFFIC
8 INTERSECTIONS
6 TRAFFIC LIGHTS
– 35,000 RIDERS
– ONE YEAR DEMO; ENDED NOV, 2018
– NO FARES
– SPONSORS: AAA, NAVYA AV, AND KEOLIS
TRANSIT (OPERATORS)
Automated Bus Technology Deployment Program
PSTA AV Shuttle Pilot Project
- Demonstration Pilot In the City Of St.
Petersburg, Florida
- 0.85 Mile Route Along Bay Shore Drive, In
Mixed Flow Traffic
- Service: 6.5 Minute Headway, 2 Vehicles,
Four Stops, and Service for 12 Hours/Day
- 3-6 Month Demonstration Project,
Anticipated Start Date of mid-2019
- Connects Several Major City Points Of
Interest
Automated Bus Technology Deployment Program
Sampling of Other Demos
Location Vehicle
Manufacturer
Comments
Bishop Ranch
Business Park
San Ramon, CA
EZ 10 The testing started in a closed parking lot, with plans
to expand throughout the campus, including public
streets, by 2019.
Gainesville, FL EZ 10 Currently going through testing and mapping
processes and is expected to offer four different free
shuttles through downtown in partnership with the
University of Florida and the mobility operator
Transdev as part of a three-year pilot.
65 Shuttles Operating
Worldwide
Navya Just opened up a U.S. factory in Michigan and has
transported a quarter of a million passengers in
vehicles without drivers.
Gothenburg, Sweden. Volvo 12-meter autonomous vehicle for research
Automated Bus Technology Deployment Program 8
Automated BRT Technology Deployed (Amsterdam)
• Late 2016 demonstration with technology
available from earlier freight truck
development
• Bus system more similar to an airport
shuttle than transit bus system
• Private demonstration of a 20 km BRT
route with 11 stops and 25 intersections
• V2V, V2I, and various sensors and cameras
were leverages to demonstrate automated
service as well precision docking with bus
stops, bus signal priority, and pedestrian
and vehicle detection
• Demonstration had a driver available to
take control if necessary
• Technology has not since been released
for commercial use
Automated Bus Technology Deployment Program
Scotland to test first autonomous full-sized bus fleet in
passenger service - November 26, 2018
* Service to begin in 2020 with 42 passenger, 38 foot ADL bus
* Level 4 Automation – driver on-board during operation
* In 2019, the bus will be used in
autonomous mode only within the
depot environment, to carry out:
- parking
- moving to fuel station
- bus washing
Automated Bus Technology Deployment Program
UK’s First Full-sized Autonomous Bus Begins Depot
Trials – 3.18.19
• The 38-foot Alexander Dennis Ltd. Enviro200
bus has been fitted with the CAVstar® system
provided by Fusion Processing Ltd.
• The trial includes the bus being used in
autonomous mode within the Manchester
depot environment, to carry out movements
such as parking and moving into the bus wash.
• Operates in all weathers, day and night, and
plan an optimum path for the vehicle with
Level 4 automation.
• Trial forms the basis for an autonomous vehicle
trial due in 2020: fleet of five autonomous
buses will operate with passengers between
Fife and Edinburgh.
Automated Bus Technology Deployment Program
Volvo Announces AV and AE Bus – 3.05.19
• THE PROTOTYPE BUSES ARE BASED ON THE
VOLVO 7900 ELECTRIC MODEL
• EACH BUS IS 12 METERS (39 FEET) AND CAN
CARRY ABOUT 80 PASSENGERS
• THE FIRST BUS WILL OPERATE ON THE
CAMPUS OF NANYANG TECHNOLOGICAL
UNIVERSITY (NTU)
• VOLVO HOPES TO OPERATE THE SECOND BUS
OUT OF A DEPOT MANAGED BY SMRT,
SINGAPORE'S PUBLIC-TRANSIT OPERATOR .
Automated Bus Technology Deployment Program 12
Why Automation?
TRANSIT CHALLENGES
AUTOMATED TECHNOLOGY BENEFITS
Increasing Operating Costs
Driver Shortages
Reduction in Service Frequency
Diminishing Safety
Diminishing Ridership
Enables Mobility on Demand
Improves Environmental
Quality
Improves Safety of Systems
through Enhanced Connectivity
Improves Rider Experience
Optimizes System Operations
Automated Bus Technology Deployment Program
Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE)
Levels of Automation
Automated Bus Technology Deployment Program 14
State of Automobile Automation
Manufacturer Partner Anticipated
Automated Year
General Motors LYFT 2018-2019
Ford Argo AI 2021
Honda Waymo 2020
ToyotaToyota Research
Institute2020
Renault-Nissan Microsoft 2020
Volvo Uber 2021
Hyundai - 2020-2030
Daimler Bosch 2020-2025
Fiat/Chrysler Waymo 2021
BMW Intel/Mobileye 2021
Tesla - 2018-2019
Automated Driver
Assist Systems
Automation in
Controlled
Environments, e.g.
Highways
Fully
Automated
MANUFACTURING AND
TECHNOLOGY PARTNERSHIPS
Automated Bus Technology Deployment Program 15
Overview of Transit Automation Technology
SAE
LEVEL 0
SAE
LEVEL 1
SAE
LEVEL 2
SAE
LEVEL 3
SAE
LEVEL 4
SAE
LEVEL 5
Automated Bus Technology Deployment Program 16
Application of Transit Automation Technology (FTA Definitions)
Bus Advanced
Driver Assist Systems
SAE Levels 0-3
• Accel & Decel
• Automatic Emergency
Braking and Pedestrian
Collision Avoidance
• Curb Avoidance
• Precision Docking
• Narrow Lane/Shlder Ops
• Platooning
Automated
Shuttles
SAE Level 4
• Circulator Bus
Service
• Feeder Bus Service
Maintenance,
Yard, and Parking
Ops
SAE Level 1-4
• Precision Movement
for Fueling, Service
Bays, and Bus Wash
• Automated Parking
and Recall
Mobility-on-
Demand
SAE Level 4-5
• Automated
First/Last Mile
• Automated ADA
Paratransit
• On-Demand Shared
Ride
Automated
ART/BRT
SAE Level 4
• Automated
ART/BRT
• Shuttle Service
• Fixed & Express
Route Service
Automated Bus Technology Deployment Program 17
Automated BRT FTA Case Study Example
Assumptions:• 5 mile long BRT system operating in both directions
• 16 retrofitted vehicles- 12 in operation with 4 spares; 12 year lifespan
• $10k in additional hardware for new or retrofitted buses
• $150k in vehicle mapping and infrastructure improvements along the route ($15k/mile)
Analysis:
• $512k NPV costs for the system
• $20.9M NPV benefits in operations, maintenance, labor costs
Risks:• Costs to study system and deploy technology
• Benefits are significantly reduced with any attendant onboard
Reference: TRANSIT BUS AUTOMATION PROJECT:
TRANSFERABILITY OF AUTOMATION TECHNOLOGIES FINAL REPORT. SEPTEMB ER, 2018, FTA
Automated Bus Technology Deployment Program
Billions of Dollars Pour into Autonomous Vehicle Technology
• Global investors are pumping money into autonomous driving-related companies,
according to data from CB Insights. In the first three quarters of 2018, they have
committed $4.2 billion, compared to $3 billion in 2017 and $167 million in 2014.
• The bottom line: The promise of autonomous driving has led investors — and
automakers — to open their checkbooks wide to ensure they’re part of the future
of transportation.
• The big picture: The $4.2 billion figure doesn't include all the funds automakers
are investing into developing their own new tech. A Brookings Institution report
last year estimated that from August 2014 to June 2017, a total of nearly $80
billion was invested in the area by the auto industry and venture capitalists.
Automated Bus Technology Deployment Program 20
Conclusions: Accelerating Automated Transit
• Significant investment is being
made in automation
• Industry appears able to
produce an automated bus in
the 2021/2022 time frame
• The technology needs a market
• Labor Partnerships important
• Federal, state, and local
regulatory framework needs to
be refined
Automated Bus Technology Deployment Program 22
Variety of
Applications
• Bus Rapid Transit
• Shuttle Service
• Arterial Rapid Transit
• Express Service
• Fixed-Route Service
• Point-to-Point
One Program to Gain Extensive Experience
Variety of
Geographies
• Cold weather
• Desert
• Hot and Humid
• Rainy
Variety of
Vehicle Options
• New Vehicles
• Retrofit Kits for Existing
Vehicles
• Zero Emissions Vehicles
• Traditional Propulsion
Vehicles
Automated Bus Technology Deployment Program 23
PROVEN WORK RESULT
• Service Visioning/Pilot Projects
• National & Local Outreach
• Vehicle and Infrastructure
Technology
• Financial Planning
• Regulations
• Implementation Strategy
• Go/No-Go
Phased Approached from Feasibility to Implementation
1 2PRELIMINARY DEVELOPMENT
AGREEMENT
COMPREHENSIVE
DEVELOPMENT AGREEMENT
• Procurement
• Technology Testing
• Deployment
• Evaluation
• Next Steps
Automated Bus Technology Deployment Program 24
Potential Risks
• Passenger acceptance/security
• Labor
• Ability of Technology companies to deliver
• Liability insurance – not enough experience
with autonomous buses for underwriting
risk
• Research and development program costs
• Other
RISK REGISTER WILL BE DEVELOPED
Automated Bus Technology Deployment Program
Transit Unions and Automation – 3.21.19Transit Unions Are Drawing Up a Plan to Confront Autonomous Vehicles
As institutional embrace of automation continues to create a mounting threat to existing
jobs, unions are formally taking note. The Transportation Trades Department (TTD), the
umbrella of unions that represent transit workers inside the AFL-CIO (itself the largest
federation of unions in the United States), has released a policy statement outlining its own
plans to confront the threat automation poses to its workforce.
GAO issues recommendations for transit agencies
The U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO) recently issued three recommendations
for transit agencies following a review of the transit workforce. The transit system requires
a skilled, qualified workforce. Annually, the Federal Transit Authority (FTA) provides more
than $12 billion to support and expand transit services. As technology advances and
employees retire, the industry will have trouble finding eligible applicants for transit jobs.
Automated Bus Technology Deployment Program 26
Potential Value of the Consortium
Accelerate Technology
Development and
Deployment
Reduce Planning and
Procurement Costs
Shared Lessons
Learned
Stimulate Technology
Demand
Automated Bus Technology Deployment Program 27
Consortium Agencies COMMITTED AGENCIES
• DALLAS AREA RAPID TRANSIT (DART)
• DEPARTMENT OF RAIL AND PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION (DRPT) /
HAMPTON ROADS TRANSIT (HRT)
• FOOTHILL TRANSIT
• LONG BEACH TRANSIT AUTHORITY (LBTA)
• LOS ANGELES COUNTY METROPOLITAN TRANSIT AUTHORITY (LA
METRO)
• METROPOLITAN ATLANTA RAPID TRANSIT AUTHORITY (MARTA)
• MICHIGAN DOT/PLANET M
• MINNESOTA DOT
• PINELLAS SUNCOAST TRANSIT AUTHORITY (PSTA)/FDOT
• WASHINGTON METROPOLITAN AREA TRANSIT AGENCY (WMATA)
IN DISCUSSION
• METROLINK (MOLINE)
• JACKSONVILLE TRANSIT AUTHORITY (JTA)
• HOUSTON METRO
• CAPITAL METRO (AUSTIN)
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