Atoms Atoms, Elements, and Compounds- Chapter 6 __________are the building blocks of matter....

Atoms, Elements, and Compounds- Chapter 6

__________are the building blocks of matter.

Section 1 Chemistry in Biology

Neutrons and protons are located at the _____________of the atom.

__________are positively charged particles.

__________are particles that have no charge.

________are negatively charged particles that are located outside the nucleus.

Elements

Chemistry in Biology

An ________is a pure substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by physical or chemical means.

There are over ______known elements, _______of which occur naturally.

Atoms, Elements, and Compounds

Section 1

________________Isotopes

When a nucleus breaks apart, it gives off __________that can be detected and used for many applications.

Section 1

Healthy person Alzheimer’s patient

________Atoms of the same element, having the same number of protons & electrons but have a different number of _____________

Compounds

A _________substance formed when two or more different elements combine in a specific _____________.

Compounds cannot be broken down into simpler compounds or elements by ____________means.

Section 1

Chemical Bonds

_______________bonds

Chemical bond that forms when ______________________

A ____________is a compoundin which the atoms are held together by covalent bonds.

Section 1

Ionic Bonds

Attraction between _________oppositely charged atoms or groups of atoms. One element gives up an electron to the other.

Section 1

Reactants and Products

A _____________is the process by which atoms or groups of atoms in substances are reorganized into ________________substances.

Chemical Equations

Chemical formulas describe the substances in the reaction and arrows indicate the process of change.

______________are the starting substances, on the left side of the arrow.

______________are the substances formed during the reaction, on the right side of the arrow.

Chemical Reactions

Section 2

Glucose and oxygen react to form carbon dioxide and water.

Let’draw

The law of conservation of mass states matter cannot be created or destroyed.

Chemical Reactions

Section 2

The _____________ is the minimum amount of energy needed for reactants to form products in a chemical reaction.

Energy of Reactions

Chemical Reactions

Section 2

Let’s draw

This reaction is exothermic and _________________.

The energy of the product is ____________ of the reactants.

Chemical Reactions

Section 2

Let’s draw

This reaction is endothermic and _______________.

The energy of the products is higher than the energy of the reactants.

Chemical Reactions

Section 2

Let’s draw

A ________is a substance that lowers the activation energy needed to start a chemical reaction.

_____________are biological catalysts.

It does not increase howmuch product is made and it does not get used up in the reaction.

Enzymes

Chemical Reactions

Section 2

The reactants that bind to the enzyme are called _____________________.

The specific location where a substrate binds on an enzyme is called the _________________.

Chemical Reactions

Section 2

Let’s draw

Factors such as ________, temperature, and other substances affect enzyme activity.

Chemical Reactions

Section 2

The active site changes shape and forms the ___________________ complex, which helps chemical bonds in the reactants to be broken and new bonds to form.

__________________Polarity

Water and Solutions

Molecules that have an unequal distribution of charges are called __________molecules.

Polarity is the property of having ______opposite poles.

A _______________is a weak interaction involving a hydrogen atom and another element.

Let’s draw.

Section 3

________________________Mixtures

A mixture that has a uniform composition throughout

A _______________is a substance in which another substance is dissolved.

A ___________is the substance that is dissolved in the solvent.

Water and Solutions

Section 3

__________________Mixtures

In a heterogeneous mixture, the components remain ____________.

Let’s draw.

Water and Solutions

Section 3

Substances that release ________________(H+) when dissolved in water are called ________.

Substances that release ________________(OH–) when dissolved in water are called _________.

Let’s draw

Acids and Bases

Water and Solutions

Section 3

The measure of concentration of ______in a solution is called ______.

Let’s draw

Acidic solutions have pH values ______than _____. Basic solutions have pH values _______than ____.

pH and Buffers

Water and Solutions

Section 3

____________are mixtures that can react with _________or _______to keep the pH within a particular range.

Let’s draw

Water and Solutions

Section 3

Organic Chemistry

The element __________ is a component of almost all biological molecules.

The Building Blocks of Life

Chemistry in BiologySection 4

Let’s draw

Carbon has _______electrons in its outermost energy level.

One carbon atom can form ___________covalent bonds with other atoms.

Carbon compounds can be in the shape of straight chains, ____________chains, and ___________.

Section 4

_________________________

Carbon atoms can be joined to form carbon molecules.

______________are large molecules formed by joining smaller organic molecules together.

______________ are molecules made from repeating units of identical or nearly identical compounds linked together by a series of ______________________bonds.

Section 4

Making and Breaking Polymers

• _______________ reaction – a reaction that removes a molecule of _______in order to build a polymer.

• ______________ – (essentially the reverse of dehydration reaction) the bond between two monomers is broken by the addition of a _____________molecule.

Let’s drawDehydration and Hydrolysis

____________________ Compounds composed of _______, hydrogen, and

oxygen in a ratio of one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom—(________)n

Let’s draw

Section 4

Two monosaccharides joined together form a _______________________.

Longer carbohydrate molecules are called _________________________.

Section 4

_____________________

Molecules made mostly of _____and hydrogen

A ________________is a fat if it is _______ at room temperature and an oil if it is _______________at room temperature.

Let’s draw

Section 4

Lipids that are saturated fats - have only single _______ ______ between the carbon atoms.

Lipids that are unsaturated - have at least one ____________ bond between carbon.

Fats with more than one double bond in the tail are called ____________fats.

Section 4

Saturated vs. unsaturatedLet’s draw

__________________

Monomer – amino acid __________________are small compounds

that are made of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen, and sometimes sulfur.

Section 4

Let’s draw

• When two amino acids are bonded together through dehydration reaction, a _____________ bond is formed.

_____________– The number and the order in which the amino acids are joined.

________________- Bonding interaction with other polypeptides.

The Building Blocks of Life - Proteins

Section 4

The Building Blocks of Life - Proteins

_____________– The overall 3 dimensional shape of a polypeptide.

__________________- Bonding interaction with other polypeptides

_______________are complex macromolecules that store and transmit genetic information.

Nucleotides – the monomer that builds Nucleic acids. Let’s draw

The Building Blocks of Life – Nucleic Acids

Section 4

Atoms Atoms, Elements, and Compounds- Chapter 6 __________are the building blocks of matter....

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