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Assignment Use Chapters 11 & 12 to define these key terms Chapter 11 Chapter 12FascismAppeasementStrategic MaterialsConcentration CampExtermination Camp
RationingAmphtracKamikazeConvoy SystemNapalm
World War II
Today’s StandardsUS.56 Analyze the reasons for and
consequences of the rise of fascism and totalitarianism in Europe during the 1930’s, including the actions of Hitler, Mussolini, and Stalin.
US.62 Identify the roles played and significant actions of the following individuals in World War II:
· Adolph Hitler· Benito Mussolini· Hideki Tōjō
Causes of WWII1. Treaty of Versailles humiliated and
bankrupted Germany2. Worldwide depression destroyed Germany’s
and Italy’s economies 3. Fascism4. Imperialism (Japan and Italy)5. Nationalism- extreme devotion to one nation6. Anti-Semitism- hostility or discrimination
against Jews
TotalitarianismGovernment that exerts total control over the
nation and citizen's livesTwo types
1.Fascism- emphasizes importance of nation (or one ethnic group) and the supreme authority of a leader over that of the individual
2.Communism- government owns all land and property, one political party, and needs of the country take priority over the individual
Adolf HitlerBlamed Jews and Socialists
for Germany’s defeatArrested for organizing a
military coup in 1923Released from jail and
formed the National Socialist German Workers Party
Used the economic depression in Germany to gain power by promising a return to the pre-WWI glory days
Saw Germans as a master race (Aryans)
HolocaustHitler’s “final solution” to the “Jewish problem”Millions of Jews and other minority groups were
killed in gas chambers (elimination chambers)Rest of the world did not find out about the
Holocaust until after the warGerman officials' put on trial in Nuremberg,
Germany by the allies for crimes against humanity (genocide)
Several of the officials received the death penalty for their part in the Holocaust
Benito MussoliniThe father of fascism
Became Prime Minster of Italy in 1922
Invaded Ethiopia in 1936
Rise of the Japanese EmpireJapan starting in late
1800’s underwent rapid industrialization
Industrialization was organized by the military control government
Goal was to become the strongest nation in Asia and to control all other East Asian nations (imperialism)
Unofficial start of WWII was the Japanese invasion of Manchuria (northern China) in 1931
Joseph StalinCommunist leader
of the Soviet UnionSaid to be the only
man Hitler fearedSigned a
nonaggression pact with Germany before the start of WWII
WWII BeginsGermany annexed Austria and parts of
Czechoslovakia in 1938England and France hoping to avoid war told
Hitler he could do this if he promised not to cause any more trouble (appeasement)
Germany, however, invaded Poland in 1939 starting WWII
France and England came to the aide of Poland but it was too late
Dark Days for EuropeGermany signs a nonaggression pact with the
Soviet Union (Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact ) France falls to Germany in 1940 leaving
England only country left to fight Italy and Germany
Germany in 1941 breaks its nonaggression pact and invades the Soviet Union
Germany’s blitzkrieg (lighting war) made it to the suburbs of Moscow before Russian troops and the Russian winter stopped their advance
Europe 1941
Winston ChurchillPrime Minster of
Great Britain after the start of WWII
Had warned about the dangers of Hitler before the war began
Helped Britain to hold out against German air attacks
America and WWIIFDR saw Hitler as a serous threat but Americans
wanted no part of another European WarUS Congress passed Neutrality Acts that
outlawed the sale of any war materials or loans to any nation at war
As Hitler gained power these Acts were ignored and war materials were sold to Great Britain
US latter loan materials to Britain in exchange for leases on military bases (Lend-Lease Act)
Pearl HarborDecember 7, 1941 “ A
day that will live in infamy”
Japan launched a surprise attack on the US pacific fleet in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii
United States declares war on Japan
Germany declares war on the USA
Assignment 1/2 page responseWhich event do you believe had the larger
impact on America Pearl Harbor or 9-11? Why?
The Allies vs. The AxisThe Allies
1.USA (FDR)2.Soviet Union (Joseph
Stalin)3.Great Britain (Winston
Churchill)
The Axis1.Germany (Adolf Hitler)2.Japan (Hideki Tojo)3.Italy (Benito Mussolini)
The Home Front1. Women- went to work in factories2. Urbanization- people moved to cities to work
in factories3. Minority Employment- went to work in
factories4. GI Bill- allowed soldiers to go to college and
buy a house after the war 5. Rationing- helped conserve resources for war
effort6. Family Life- women forced to rely on family
members and friends for childcare
Rosie the Riveter
Office of War InformationControlled the release of all information
concerning the war effortPropaganda machine for the US war effortJob was to keep moral high, keep nation
united, and encourage all citizens to do their part in the war effort
1.Newspapers2.Radio3.Movies4.Cartoons5.Comics
AssignmentPick one of the four WWII propaganda Looney
Tunes and answer the following questions
1.What were symbols used in the cartoon and what did they represent
2.What historical figures and countries were represented in the cartoon?
3. What was the message of the cartoon?
4.Do you believe that the cartoon successfully promoted its message? Why or Why Not? (answer in a half page paragraph)
Key Battles in EuropeNorth Africa- first area of Allied attack against
Nazi Germany Invasion of Italy- attempt by Allies to cut off
Italy from Nazi Germany became a stalemate D-day- Allied amphibious invasion of
Normandy, France, beginning of the end for Hitler
Battle of the Budge- Hitler's final desperate attempt to defeat the allies in Western Europe, caused a budge in the Allies’ lines but ultimately failed
Key Battles of the PacificMidway- Battle over a island/airfield half way
between Tokyo and Honolulu, first major victory by America over Japan, large part of Japanese Navy destroyed
Corral Sea- Last major Naval battle in Pacific, rest of Japanese Navy destroyed
Okinawa and Iwo Jima- Invasion of two small islands near Japan, Heavy US casualties as Japanese soldiers fought to the death, many civilians also committed suicide rather than surrendering to American Forces
Manhattan ProjectResearch and
development of the atomic bomb
Most of the research done in Oak Ridge, TN (Isolated and access to TVA power)
Oak Ridge chosen because of its isolated locations (fear of espionage)
Provided the plutonium and conducted tests on the effects of plutonium and radiation on people
The Atomic BombFirst weapon of mass destructionFirst bomb (Little Boy) dropped on HiroshimaSecond bomb (Fat Man) dropped on
NagasakiLed to Japan’s unconditional surrender a few
days laterJapan was allow to keep their emperor in a
ceremonial role Truman justified its use by stating it ended
the war quickly and saved American lives
Tennessee and WWIICordell Hull- from TN, Secretary of State
under FDR, Held position longer than anyone in history, “Father of the United Nations”
Knoxville’s TVA- powered Oak RidgeAlcoa- Manufactured aluminum for
Manhattan ProjectFort Campbell, KY- near Clarksville TN,
training facility for WWII soldiers, home of the 101st Airborne today
Camp Forest- Tullahoma TN, Army training camp for WWII, later a POW camp for German soldiers
Chattanooga War Production Plants- Produced army ammunition (TNT) during WWII (site of current VW plant)
Post War: USA vs. USSR Differences in
Government and Economics
USA: Democratic Republic and Capitalism
Soviet Union: Totalitarianism and Communism
Disagreed over the fates of European nations
The Cold War & the Iron Curtain
Postwar Europe and JapanMarshal Plan- USA gave money to
European countries so they could rebuild after the war and avoid another depression
USA set up military bases in Germany and Japan (still there today)
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