View
216
Download
0
Category
Preview:
Citation preview
Approved by DC-E USCG AuxA, Inc
Boating Skills & Boating Skills & SeamanshipSeamanship
Boating Skills & Boating Skills & SeamanshipSeamanship
Lesson 10Powering Your Boat
2
• Characteristics of Marine Engines
• Two-Stroke vs Four-Stroke Engines
• Engine Operation & Care
• Marine vs Automotive Parts
• Engine’s Fuel & Battery
• Preventing Electrolysis
• Winterizing & Spring Check
• Basic Trouble Shooting
Lesson Objectives (1)Lesson Objectives (1)
3
Marine EnginesMarine Engines
• D11N NOTE:
• Much confusion, including this text, between Engines & Propulsion or Drive systems
4
Types of Marine EnginesTypes of Marine Engines
• Installation location of engine– Inboard
• Includes inboard, tunnel, v, stern, & tractor drives
– Outboard
• Operating cycle– 2 cycle– 4 cycle
• Fuel type– Gas– Diesel
5
Types of Marine PropulsionTypes of Marine Propulsion• Outboard: Unit containing engine, shafts, prop located outside &
attached to transom. Trim function• Inboard: Engine & gearbox in boat, shaft through hull, external prop &
rudder, prop at angle to water surface– Traditional uses straight shaft, engine is well forward of transom– Tunnel drive– V drive moves engine to transom, shaft cut in half and leaves engine going
forward, then reverses forming a V shape• Inboard/Outboard (I/O) or Stern: Engine inboard at stern, external drive
includes prop parallel to water surface, driven by shafts at 90 degrees. Swivel drive to turn; no rudder; trim function
– Traditional I/O has large transom cut out with drive & prop on transom– Tractor or 360 degree swivel, shaft through hull, drive & prop under hull
• Jet drive: Inboard engine and pump thrusts water out nozzle to propel. Impeller no prop. Swivel nozzle to turn.
6
Inboard EnginesInboard Engines
• Engine Mounted
In Boat
• Engine is usually
modified automotive
• Modifications essential
for safe use
7
Stern Drive PropulsionStern Drive Propulsion
• Engine In Boat so
an INBOARD Engine
• Outdrive Or Lower
Unit Mounted On
Transom
9
Four-Stroke EnginesStroke = ½ revolutionFour-Stroke Engines
Stroke = ½ revolution
intake compression power exhaust
11
• Diesel Engines– More Efficient Than Gas– Less Expensive To Operate– More Reliable– Less Hazardous Fuel
• Gas Engines– Lighter And Less Expensive– Less Noisy– Less Vibration– More Volatile – Explosive Fuel
Gas vs Diesel EnginesGas vs Diesel Engines
12
• Marine Parts– Specially Made To Minimize Danger Of Fire
And Explosion– Includes But Not Limited To
• Alternators• Starters• Distributors• Fuel Pumps• Fuel Systems (carburetor etc.)
• Be Aware – Many Marine and Auto Parts Look Alike
Automotive vs Marine Parts
Automotive vs Marine Parts
13
Getting Fuel Into The Cylinders
• Gas Engines– Traditional – Carburetor Mixes Fuel &
Air– New Systems – Fuel Injection
• Diesel Engines– Injection
Induction SystemsInduction Systems
14
• Gas Engines– Small Outboards – Magneto– Other Outboards & all Inboards
• Traditional – Battery, Distributor & Coil• Newest - Electronic
• Diesel Engines– Heat Of Compression
Igniting The Fuel Mixture
Ignition SystemsIgnition Systems
15
• Open System– Sea Water Pumped Through Engine
• Closed System– Sea Water Pumped Through Heat
Exchanger
– Fresh Water with Antifreeze Pumped Through Engine & Heat Exchanger
Cooling SystemsCooling Systems
16
Gasoline
• Leaded vs Unleaded• Octane Rating
– Regular - 86– Premium - 91/93– Check Owner’s Manual
• Alcohol Additive (Gasohol)– Possible Damage To
• Outboards• Fuel Lines & Tanks• Oilers (VRO)
17
• Marine Battery – Deep-Cycle• Check
• Battery Switch• Battery Charge• Corroded Terminals• Terminals Covered• Properly Secured
• Ensure Proper Cable Attachment & Removal When Using Battery Charger Or Jumping Batteries
BatteriesBatteries
18
• Lubrication Oil– Checking - Changing
• Outboards – Lower Units– Gear Case Oil – Grease Fittings– Hydraulic Fluid
• General Checks– Bilge Pump– Oil Leaks– Stuffing Box– Drive Belts– Ignition System– Spark Plugs
MaintenanceMaintenance
19
• Fuel System– Filters– Fuel Lines
• Cooling System– Water Levels– Hoses
• Sacrificial Zincs• Propellers
MaintenanceMaintenance
20
Winterizing The Boat• Change Oil & Filter• Fuel System
– Add Stabilizer & Fill Tank– Run Engine Out of Fuel
• Cooling System• Ignition System• Fresh Water System• Remove Drain Plug if on Land• Heads
21
Spring Fitting-Out
• Check• Batteries – Clamps - Cables• Seacocks – Hoses - Clamps• Hull For Cracks - Zincs• Fuel Tanks & Hoses• Bilge Blowers & Hoses• Fire Extinguishers & Flares• Steering & Trim• Galley Stove• Bilge Pump & Float Switch
22
Trouble Shooting
• Engine Will Not Turn Over– Clutch in neutral?– Battery OK?– Cable Connections OK?
• Engine Will Not Start– Fuel?– Spark?
• Engine Runs Rough• Engine Does Not Develop Full Power
23
• Class of Marine Engines
• Operating Cycle
• Gas vs Diesel Engines
• Automotive vs Marine Parts
• Induction & Ignition Systems
• Cooling Systems
Summary (1)Summary (1)
Recommended