AP HUMAN GEOGRAPHY CH. 21n 17o CLASS NOTES Civilization and Urbanization

AP HUMAN GEOGRAPHYCH. 21n 17o CLASS NOTES

Civilization and Urbanization

The Beginning of State Formation…(You should know this story by now.)

Nomadic (H-G) settle into small villages (1st Ag. Rev.)

Work specialization

Classes develop, status in society

Villages incorporate to larger cities under central authority (CORE)

Begins formation of state

Urbanization and State Formation

Transforms egalitarian (equal) societies into stratified (layers of classes,

jobs), specialized ones

Why?

How is Urbanization distributed around globe today?

The Fertile Crescent (Mesopotamia)

FORMATIVE ERA – (5000 BCE – 2000 BCE) Development of “states” and

“urbanization”Mesopotamia, Nile River (Egypt), Indus River (India)

“City” becomes focus of state planningmust flow into city (C-P / Von Thunen)

Diffusion Patterns

Functions of the City?

Religious Centers

Government Centers (Services)

Educational Centers

Economic / Trade Centers

Cultural / Social Centers

Protection Center

How do Populations / Cities Diffuse?

Trade Routes

Rise and Decline of Civilizations / Empires

Mediterranean SeaEgypt, Greece, Rome

Empire of Alexander the Great(Diffusion Type?)

Hail Caesar!

Why Empires Decline / Fail…?

Trade and Transport networks break down

Misrule, corruption, external attack, revolt

Social Order breaks down – hard to control foreign peoples

City Classifications – Gideon Sjoberg

Cities are products of their societies

1. Folk-Preliterate (agricultural settlement)

2. Feudal (Status of houses {manor})

3. Pre-Industrial (architecture and arts influence on religious / gov’t buildings)

4. Urban-Industrial (high rise / econ. & financial takeover of city core)

Classic Urban Banana – London to Japan

Modern City – Marked by elaborate road construction leading to

suburbanization

Postmodernism – Modern styles contrasting with older historical roots