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© Fraunhofer
ANTENNAS AND FLEXIBLE RF
© Fraunhofer IISAntennas and Flexible RF | Rainer Wansch | Fraunhofer Turkish - German Days | 25.09.2014 | HFS | Seite 2
Antennas and Flexible RFOutline
Antenna design
Antenna testing
Reconfigurable RF-Technologies
© Fraunhofer IISAntennas and Flexible RF | Rainer Wansch | Fraunhofer Turkish - German Days | 25.09.2014 | HFS | Seite 3
Antennas at Fraunhofer IISAt a Glance
Development of:
Multi-antenna systems
Embedded antennas
Reference antennas
Navigation antennas
3D EM Simulations:
FDTD
FEM
Implementations
Antenna measurements
© Fraunhofer IISAntennas and Flexible RF | Rainer Wansch | Fraunhofer Turkish - German Days | 25.09.2014 | HFS | Seite 4
Antennas at Fraunhofer IISApplications (Examples)
Satellite Navigation (GNSS)
SatCom and Broadcast
Direction of Arrival Estimation
Communication
© Fraunhofer IISAntennas and Flexible RF | Rainer Wansch | Fraunhofer Turkish - German Days | 25.09.2014 | HFS | Seite 5
Antennas at Fraunhofer IISVehicular Applications
Design and implementation of referenceantennas for satellite broadcasting(L-, S-Band)
Concepts for usage of distributedantennas on vehicles
Antenna technologies (radiator)
Integration of antenna andreceive/transmit electronics
© Fraunhofer IISAntennas and Flexible RF | Rainer Wansch | Fraunhofer Turkish - German Days | 25.09.2014 | HFS | Seite 6
Antennas at Fraunhofer IISDVB-SH Reference Antenna
Measurement results on Ø 1m ground plane
Integrated LNA (G = 30 dB, NF < 1 dB)
Antenna gain:
RHCP, dBic: 0...5
VP, dBil: - 6...+1
Size: Ø 141mm, H 25mm
@2.185 GHz
© Fraunhofer IISAntennas and Flexible RF | Rainer Wansch | Fraunhofer Turkish - German Days | 25.09.2014 | HFS | Seite 7
Antennas at Fraunhofer IISActive GNSS Antenna
High precision navigation usingmulit-band antenna
Antenna for Galileo, GPS, Glonass and Compass
Very high phase center stabilityover complete frequency range
Applications in e. g. farming, road construction, geodetics
Licensed to navXperience as„3G+C“
© Fraunhofer IISAntennas and Flexible RF | Rainer Wansch | Fraunhofer Turkish - German Days | 25.09.2014 | HFS | Seite 8
Antenna Arrays & Smart Antennas
Array antennas for:
DoA estimation
High-gain applications
Broadband fixed beam
Analysis of antenna‘s impact on:
Diversity performance
DoA estimation accuracy
Calibration of antennas based on self-analysis
Beamforming using heuristic methods
© Fraunhofer IISAntennas and Flexible RF | Rainer Wansch | Fraunhofer Turkish - German Days | 25.09.2014 | HFS | Seite 9
Antenna-ArraysTracking of Mobile-Base-Stations
EU FP7 Project “EATS”: ETCS Advanced Testing and Smart Train Positioning System
European Consortium
Task: Position determination using DoA-estimation ofGSM-R/UMTS-Base-stations
Antenna development considering:
Distribution of base stations
Channel characteristics (multi-path, scattering, diffraction,…)
Influence of train roof
© Fraunhofer IISAntennas and Flexible RF | Rainer Wansch | Fraunhofer Turkish - German Days | 25.09.2014 | HFS | Seite 10
Antenna-ArraysDoA Estimation at 5.8 GHz
Application:
Cooperative localisation of pedestrians in road traffic in 5.8 - GHz Band using DoAestimation
Frequency range:
5.725 … 5.925 GHz
Diameter: 120 mm
RHCP
Excellent phase behaviour byimplementing symmetricalantenna layout
top side
bottom side
© Fraunhofer IISAntennas and Flexible RF | Rainer Wansch | Fraunhofer Turkish - German Days | 25.09.2014 | HFS | Seite 11
Antenna-ArraysBroadband L-Band-Array for Space Segment
Application:
Radio Occultation
RHCP polarised
Frequency range:
1156.45 ...1577.42 MHz
Size:
130 mm × 760 mm × 25 mm
Gain: 7 dBic
© Fraunhofer IISAntennas and Flexible RF | Rainer Wansch | Fraunhofer Turkish - German Days | 25.09.2014 | HFS | Seite 12
Antenna-ArraysMultibeam Antenna for RFID Applications
Quasi simultaneous reading of high amounts of transponders
High reading rate with a low number of antennas
Very high level of miniaturization
Applications:
Logistics and tradee. g. manufacturing processes, transportation, customs controls
© Fraunhofer IISAntennas and Flexible RF | Rainer Wansch | Fraunhofer Turkish - German Days | 25.09.2014 | HFS | Seite 13
Antenna-ArraysMiniTerminal
6 x 16 patch antenna array with parallel feeding network
Frequency range: 10,7 – 12,75 GHz
Polarisation: linear vertical and horizontal
HPBW: 4° x 10° (Az x El)
G/T > 0 dB/K
Output frequency range: 950 – 2150 MHz
Aperture size < 400 cm²
-40
-35
-30
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
-30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Far-field amplitude of NF_OEWG90_MiniTV5_0_PortB_01.nsi
Am
plitu
de (dB
)
Azimuth (deg)
Co-Pol X-Pol
Azimuth diagram
© Fraunhofer IISAntennas and Flexible RF | Rainer Wansch | Fraunhofer Turkish - German Days | 25.09.2014 | HFS | Seite 14
14Antenna ArraysSlotted Waveguide Antenna for Ka-Band (Circularly polarised)
Combination of linear, dielectrically filled sub-groups
Beam adjustment in one direction
© Fraunhofer IISAntennas and Flexible RF | Rainer Wansch | Fraunhofer Turkish - German Days | 25.09.2014 | HFS | Seite 15
Antenna Testing at Fraunhofer IISAntenna Measurements – Indoor Test Range in Erlangen
Measurement of antenna gain andradiation pattern
Noise measurement of low gain antennasindoor
Test range:
0.5 ... 40 GHz
Far-field measurement(distance 7.5 m)
Spherical near-field measurements
© Fraunhofer IISAntennas and Flexible RF | Rainer Wansch | Fraunhofer Turkish - German Days | 25.09.2014 | HFS | Seite 16
Antenna Testing at Fraunhofer IISAntenna Measurements - Facility for Over-the-air Research and Testing (FORTE) located in Ilmenau
Test of satellite terminals and theirtracking performances of satelliteterminals by emulation
Test of mechanical movement
Test of satellite link at different environmental conditions (movement, shadowing, weather) at Ku-/Ka-Band
© Fraunhofer IISAntennas and Flexible RF | Rainer Wansch | Fraunhofer Turkish - German Days | 25.09.2014 | HFS | Seite 17
Flexible RFFuture Hardware Requirements
To cover wide frequency range
Reconfigurable components
Broadband components
To avoid interferences
Receiver branch of high sensitivity and high dynamic for spectrum sensing
Short hardware-configuring response times
Low out-of-band leakage
To allow co-existence with services
Power level adjustment
Spatial and/or polarisationdiversity antennas
To ensure mobility
Small and energy efficient components
© Fraunhofer IISAntennas and Flexible RF | Rainer Wansch | Fraunhofer Turkish - German Days | 25.09.2014 | HFS | Seite 18
Flexible RF Applications
Cognitive Radio / Software-Defined Radio
Communication in spectral„White Spaces“
Opportunistic use of free resources
Multiband & multifrequency
Antenna-Arrays
„Beam forming“
„Beam switching“
Tracking
Signal
Ausleuchtung
Keulenformungsnetzwerk
1 2 3 4
© Fraunhofer IISAntennas and Flexible RF | Rainer Wansch | Fraunhofer Turkish - German Days | 25.09.2014 | HFS | Seite 19
Flexible RFOverview
Design and Implementation of tunable RF components:
Filters
Matching networks
Phase shifters
Reconfigurable transceivers
© Fraunhofer IISAntennas and Flexible RF | Rainer Wansch | Fraunhofer Turkish - German Days | 25.09.2014 | HFS | Seite 20
Flexible RFExample Broadband-Tuneable Receiver
Experimental platform
68 mm × 75 mm
Input dynamic:
-90 dBm … -3 dBm
Frequency tuning range:
470 MHz … 860 MHz
Signal bandwidth:
40 MHz max.
supported by EC FP7 under Grant 248454 (QoSMOS)
© Fraunhofer IISAntennas and Flexible RF | Rainer Wansch | Fraunhofer Turkish - German Days | 25.09.2014 | HFS | Seite 21
Flexible RFTunable Bandpass
2 coupled resonators
Tunable using varactors
Only one tuning voltage needed
Tuning range:
430 ... 984 MHz
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.060
50
40
30
20
10
0
Frequency in GHz
Forw
ard
tran
smis
sion
|s21
|in
dB
Measurement
Ur = 0 V ... 8 V
Varactor Band-passsect ion Low-pass sect ion
UrUr
© Fraunhofer IISAntennas and Flexible RF | Rainer Wansch | Fraunhofer Turkish - German Days | 25.09.2014 | HFS | Seite 22
Flexible RFDigitally Tunable Bandpass
Digitally tunable resonators using switchable capacities
Serial interface for control
PnP-Module:
Dimensions: 40 mm x 15 mm
„drop-in“-Module:
Dimensions: 20 mm x 20 mm
© Fraunhofer IISAntennas and Flexible RF | Rainer Wansch | Fraunhofer Turkish - German Days | 25.09.2014 | HFS | Seite 23
Flexible RFMulti-Channel Switching
Experimental platform
310 mm × 100 mm
Input dynamic:
−87 dBm... − 18 dBm w/o LNA
4 RF channels
TVWS700 MHz ... 792 MHz
LTE790 MHz ... 862 MHz
WLAN 2400 MHz ... 2483.5 MHz
LTE2500 MHz ... 2700 MHz
IF 250 MHz
Switchable IF bandwidth
83 MHz max.
supported by EC FP7, Grant 249060 (SACRA)
© Fraunhofer IISAntennas and Flexible RF | Rainer Wansch | Fraunhofer Turkish - German Days | 25.09.2014 | HFS | Seite 24
Summary
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