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HWP Education For further activities
www.highlandwildlifepark.org/schools.htm
Answers for the Schools Learning & Activity Pack
Teachers you may wish to be aware of these answers while you are walking around to be able to give hints to your students.
The sample answers are just examples and can be variable depending upon what the pupils decide.
Around the Highland Wildlife Park: Quiz
Summit to sea in Scotland
HWP Education For further activities
www.highlandwildlifepark.org/schools.htm
Answers for the Schools Learning & Activity Pack
Type of habitat.
Give named
examples of habitat.
Examples of
birds found in this habitat.
Examples of other animals found
in this habitat.
1) Mountains / Alpine tundra. Cairngorms Ring ouzel Ptarmigan / Mountain hare /
Reindeer
2) Moorland. Rannoch Moor Red grouse /
Hen Harrier Highland cattle / Common lizard
3) Peatland. Glenmore Curlew / Hen Harrier / Merlins Red deer / Adder/ Slow Worms
4) Caledonian Pine Forest and
5) Plantation Woodland
Glen Affric
Moor of Feshie
Crested tit / Capercaillie
Buzzard
Red deer / Wildcat / Red Squirrel
Roe deer / Rabbit
6) Farmland and Scrub woodland.
Dunachtonmore Farm Pheasant Badger / Bats / Brown hare
7) Urban. Inverness Pigeon / Sparrow Fox
Fresh water: 8) Loch and
9) Rivers.
Loch Morlich
River Spey
Osprey /Whooper Swan
Merganser / Dipper
Pike / Newts / Frog
Salmon / Trout / Otter
10) Coast and Shore. Moray Coast
Grt Northern Diver / Puffin /
Chough Seal / Crab / Otter
11) Estuaries. Beauly Firth Cormorant Porpoise / Dolphin / Salmon
12) Open sea. North Sea Gannet / Auk / Puffin Basking shark
1) Mountains / Alpine Tundra (Cairngorm Mountains). The mountain areas of Scotland are generally regarded as ground beyond 700m above sea level. This is roughly the elevation of the former tree-line, where scrub and woodland remain scarce and where habitats are near-natural. Mountain habitats consist mainly of moss and lichen heaths, snow beds, blanket bog and terraces of dwarf-shrub heath. Approximately 12 per cent of Scotland's land surface (3 per cent of Great Britain) is mountain. Birds: Ptarmigan / Dotterel / Golden Eagle / Snow Bunting. Other animals: Arctic (Blue) Hare / Reindeer (introduced) / Stoat.
Summit to Sea in Scotland (The habitats of Scotland and additional info).
For further activities www.highlandwildlifepark.org/schools.htm
HWP Education
Answers for the Schools Learning & Activity Pack
2) Moorland (Monadliath Hills). The uplands of Scotland fall into two broad classes: above the former tree-line lies high mountain habitat; below this, down to the upper reaches of enclosed farmland, sub-mountain land consists of moorland, rough grassland and bog. Moorland is dominated by dwarf shrubs, principally Heather (Calluna vulgaris). Moorland is semi-natural, composed mainly of native plants which, though much changed in abundance, have been present since the early Holocene (post glacial period of the past 10,000 years). The distribution of moorland in Scotland has been defined by the census of the Land Cover of Scotland 1988. Recently published figures indicate that 8.7 per cent of Scotland is covered by heather moorland; 8.4 per cent by peatland; a further 15.7 per cent by heather moorland and peatland mosaics; and 14.5 per cent by rough grassland and moorland mosaics. Birds: Peregrine Falcon / Red Grouse / Red kite. Other animals: Red Deer / Sika Deer (introduced) / Common Lizard / Wildcat / Feral Goat.
3) Peatland (Glenmore). Peat is an organic deposit formed when dead plant material fails to decay because it is constantly or intermittently waterlogged. The living communities towards the surface become increasingly insulated from underlying mineral soils by the accumulating peat. The resulting formation is known as peatland or 'mire', the general term for a peat-forming habitat. A peat formation may extend for no more than a few metres around a spring outflow, or may drape across entire landscapes of hundreds of square kilometres. From the National Peatland Resource Inventory it has been estimated that blanket peat of greater than 1 metre depth covers 14 per cent of Scotland. Birds: Merlin’s / Ravens / Cuckoo / Hen Harrier. Other animals: Adder / Slow Worms.
For further activities www.highlandwildlifepark.org/schools.htm
HWP Education
Answers for the Schools Learning & Activity Pack
4) Caledonian Pine Forest (Rothiemurchus) 5) Plantation Woodland (Moor of Feshie) The forest cover which developed in Scotland after de-glaciation was a western outlier of the European temperate/boreal (northern) forest transition zone. Prior to forest clearance in Scotland, the extent and composition of these forests changed in response to the prevailing climatic conditions. By 1919, when the Forestry Commission was established, Scotland's forests had declined to less than 5 per cent of the land area, despite substantial tree planting by private landowners in the nineteenth century. The forest area then expanded steadily after 1919 and by 1992 it was estimated to cover approximately 14 per cent of Scotland. Birds: Capercailie / Black Grouse / Crossbill / Buzzard / Long Eared Owl. Other animals: Red Squirrel/ Pine Marten/ Red Deer/ Roe Deer.
6) Farmland and scrub woodland. (Dunachtonmore Farm) Farmland is an important part of the natural heritage of Scotland and provides much of its wildlife habitat, landscape interest, recreational and sporting resource. Three-quarters (5,885,000 ha) of the land of Scotland is classed as agricultural land. Of this, 11 per cent is in arable production, 19 per cent is improved grassland and 69 per cent is rough grazing. Nine-tenths of Scotland is classed as Less Favoured Area in the European Union, comprising land of low productivity where farming is necessary to prevent depopulation. The farmland of Scotland can be divided into four broad types: hill livestock, lowland livestock and dairy, arable cropping, and crofting. Birds: Lapwing / Pheasant / Corncrake / Barn Owl / Skylark / Tawny Owls. Other animals: Rabbit / Brown Hare / Roe Deer / Hedgehog.
For further activities www.highlandwildlifepark.org/schools.htm
HWP Education
Answers for the Schools Learning & Activity Pack
7) Urban Areas (Inverness, Edinburgh, Glasgow). Scotland's population in the 1991 census was 5.1 million people, approximately 80 per cent of whom live in towns and cities. Although urban areas cover only around 3 per cent of Scotland's land area, it is the environment in which most people gain their everyday experience of the natural heritage. The quality of Scotland's urban environment, founded mainly in the Central Belt on heavy industries and petrochemicals, has generally improved during the latter part of this century. The urban environment is important not only because it offers contact with the natural heritage for many people. It also provides a diverse range of habitats for plants and animals, such as semi-permanent public open space in towns and cities, consisting of public parks and gardens, rail and road corridors, canals, graveyards and recreational areas. Birds: Peregrine Falcon / Kestrel / Tawny Owls. Other animals: Red Fox / Badger / Grey Squirrel / Bats.
8) Fresh water: Lochs (Loch Insh, Boat of Garten). 9) Rivers (River Spey, River Feshie). Scotland has an extensive array of fresh waters, with more than 90 per cent of the volume and 70 per cent of the total surface area of fresh water in the United Kingdom. Map studies indicate that there are more than 30,000 lochs and 6,600 river systems in Scotland. The fresh waters of Scotland are a valuable economic, recreational and environmental resource for commercial and recreational fisheries - for fish farming; for the supply of potable, agricultural and industrial water; as a source of energy for hydro-electric power; for the dilution of industrial and sewage effluent discharges; for recreational activities, both on and around the water; and as a tourist attraction. Birds: Osprey / Whooper Swan / Goosander. Other animals: Palmate Newt / Great Crested Newt / Frog / Toad / Otter / Mink / Salmon.
For further activities www.highlandwildlifepark.org/schools.htm
HWP Education
Answers for the Schools Learning & Activity Pack
10) Coast and Shore (Isles Skye, Hebrides). Measured along the mean high water mark the coastline of Scotland is 11,803km in length. The number of islands with terrestrial vegetation is nearly 800, with about 600 of them lying off the west coast. There appears to be no estimate of the number of smaller islands, or skerries, which are at times wave-washed and carry no terrestrial vegetation. Scotland's diverse coastline is translated into an equally varied range of shoreline habitats. The character of a shore is dependent on a number of physical factors including wave exposure, salinity, geology, tidal range and strength of currents. There have been numerous reviews and studies of specific elements of Scotland's shores but a comprehensive survey of the distribution of the habitats and species around the coast of Scotland is not yet complete. Birds: Chough / Eider / Great Northern Diver. Other animals: Rabbits / Toads / Crabs.
11) Estuaries (Beauly Firth, Forth, Clyde). An estuary is a partially enclosed area of water where sedimentation leads to the development of soft tidal shores open to the marine environment and receiving fresh water from the land. Coastal indentation and juxtaposition of surrounding mountains make the landscapes of some estuaries particularly significant in Scotland. Scottish estuaries range from small pristine sites with little human activity to highly industrialised areas such as the Clyde and the Forth which have in recent centuries received very damaging discharges of industrial and domestic effluent. However, the rich, diverse wildlife and landscape interest of estuaries, often close to urban areas, offers special opportunities for environmental education and interpretation for all in the community. Birds: Barnacle Goose / Avocet / Dunlin. Other animals: Common and Grey Seal / Dolphin / Porpoise / Salmon.
For further activities www.highlandwildlifepark.org/schools.htm
HWP Education
Answers for the Schools Learning & Activity Pack
12) Open Sea (Irish, Atlantic, North Sea). The coastal waters around Scotland, which extend to depths of around 30 metres, give way to the open sea areas of the continental shelf, with waters of up to about 200 metres in depth, and beyond. The open sea to the east of Scotland is relatively shallow continental shelf water, in comparison to the deep sea of the Rockall Trough with depths in excess of 1,000 metres found relatively close to the coast off the west and north of mainland Scotland. The water masses of the open sea are moved by winds and tides, and provide a natural habitat for a diverse range of species - from phytoplankton (microscopic aquatic plants) found in the upper layers of the sea, to fish and larger cetaceans (the whales) located in the deep sea. Birds: Gannet / Skua / Puffin. Other animals: Dolphin / Porpoise / Basking Shark / Minki Whale.
What is the animal on the
sign?
What habitat does it live in?
Give an example of this
habitat.
What do they like to eat?
Osprey Rivers / lochs /
marshes (Wetlands)
River Spey / Loch Insh/ Insh
Marshes Fish
Otters Rivers / sea
River Spey / sea Fish
Highland cattle Farmlands / meadows/hills
Badenoch / Skye Grass
Brown hare Farmland Farms near
Kingussie and Insh
Grass
Caperaillie Forest Rothiemurchus Pine needles and blaeberries
Pine marten Pine forest Glenmore Red squirrel
Scottish wildcat Farmland / woodland / moorland
Insh / Glen Tromie / above
Glen Feshie Rabbit
Red deer Moorland Glen Feshie Grass and trees
Ptarmigan Tundra Cairngorm Massif
Heather shoots and leaves
Golden eagle Caledonian pine forest / high plateau
Hare Glen Feshie
Imagine where you might see……?
For further activities www.highlandwildlifepark.org/schools.htm
HWP Education
Answers for the Schools Learning & Activity Pack
Animal Is it a herbivore carnivore or an
omnivore Give an example of what it would eat
1) Wolf Carnivore Deer, small mammals
2) Elk Herbivore Trees (leaves and bark)
3) Beaver Herbivore Roots, leaves, small branches
4) Boar Omnivore Meat (carrion)and roots vegetation
5) Bear Omnivore Fish, small mammals, roots, fungi, and berries
What 5 animals used to be found in the Scottish countryside and are now extinct in the UK? Do you think we should introduce past animals back to the Scottish Countryside, why? (Personal opinion will vary) What problems and benefits do you think we will have if we do reintroduce some of these animals? Problems: Eating live stock and native species (competition), scaring people Benefits: Tourism (more jobs), scientific study, maintaining large herbivore populations and small carnivores, increase in biodiversity How could we get over these problems? Education of the public about the animals what to do if you come across them and how to protect the domestic live stock, look at what other counties have done, compensation payments, re-training, better live stock management. Which of the 5 animals that could be reintroduced to the UK, do we not have at the Park? Wild boar and brown bear When, where and who killed the last wolf in Scotland? 1743, Findhorn Moray, McQueen
Extinct British Animals
For further activities www.highlandwildlifepark.org/schools.htm
HWP Education
Answers for the Schools Learning & Activity Pack
Region of origin
Threats to the population
Conservation Status
Breeding Program
Red Panda India, China,
Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar
Loss of habit Vulnerable EEP
Amur tiger Russia, China Habitat loss, pouching,
traditional Chinese medicine
Endangered EEP
Scottish Wildcat Scotland Hybridisation, disease
/hunting Critically
endangered ESB
European Wolf Europe, Asia Habitat fragmentation
and persecution Least Concern NONE
Polar Bear Russia,
Canada, Greenland
Global warming Vulnerable EEP
Pallas cat
Mongolia, China and the
Tibetan Plateau
Their food is being poisoned and they have
nothing to eat. (prey base depletion)
Near threatened EEP
Japanese serow Japan Few threats due to
protection Least concern ESB
Markhor Western Himalayas
Traditional Chinese medicine, hunting Endangered EEP
Beaver Europe In Britain over hunting and loss of habitat Least concern NONE
Chinese goral
Eastern Russia, China Hunting, habitat loss Vulnerable ESB
European Lynx
Carpathian, Romania
Habitat loss, hunting (illegal skin trade) and prey base depletion
Least concern ESB
European Bison
Belarus; Lithuania;
Poland; Romania; Russian
Federation; Slovakia; Ukraine
Habitat degradation and fragmentation were the primary reasons for the decrease and extinction
of European bison
Vulnerable EEP
Bharal Nepal, Tibet, Himalayas Habitat loss, hunting Least Concern ESB
Capercaillie Scotland Re-introduced to the
UK, habitat loss, predators
Least concern NONE
Why do animals need zoos?
For further activities www.highlandwildlifepark.org/schools.htm
HWP Education
Answers for the Schools Learning & Activity Pack
Is red Is white Is blue(ish) Is grey
Red Panda / Red Deer /Red Squirrel
Polar Bear / Arctic Fox (in winter) Blue Sheep (Bharal) Wolf
Has spots Has stripes Has hooves Webbed feet
Lynx Amur Tiger / Wildcat Prezwalski Horse / Bison / Deer Beaver
Has feathers Has scales Has a shell Has whiskers
Crane / Capercaillie Slow worm Snail Wildcat / Lynx / Amur Tiger
Is covered in fur Has no fur or feathers Has horns Has antlers
Any mammal Frog / Slow worm Markhor / Goral /Serow Red Deer / Reindeer
Has a long tail Has a short tail Has claws Has retractable claws
Tiger / Red panda / Wildcat
Lynx / Japanese Macaque Wolf / Polar bear Amur tiger / Wildcat /
Red Panda
Is bigger than you Is smaller than you Could fit in the palm of your hand Heavier than you
Bison / Przewalski horse
Red Panda / Satyr Tragopan Slug / Snail / Lizard Polar bear / Tiger /
Red deer
Something to talk about.
What characteristics make you unique?
DNA, genetics, pupils may also say eye, hair colour, accent, style,
What characteristics do you share with some of the animals at the Zoo?
We are vertebrates
We are mammals
We eat meat and veg (omnivore)
Physical features such as 2 eyes, arms, legs, mouth,
Able to communicate with each other
Which animals are similar to you?
The closest animals that are similar to us at the Park are the Japanese’s
macaque. They are a vertebrate, mammal and a primate, with some similar
physical features
Which are different from you?
Slugs, snails they are invertebrates (no back bone), humans are vertebrates.
Invertebrates generally have different physical features than us, more legs
or no legs, more eyes or no eyes etc.
These answers are just suggestions, they will vary.
Scavenger Hunt: Creature Feature
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HWP Education
Answers for the Schools Learning & Activity Pack
Lives on land Lives on the ice Lives in forests Lives in mountains
Bison Polar Bear Capercaillie / Wildcat Markhor
Lives on grasslands Lives on the tundra Lives in your back garden Became extinct in the UK
Bison / Przewalski Reindeer / Arctic Fox Red Squirrel Wolf / Lynx / Elk / Bear / Boar
Lives in Scotland Lives in Europe Lives in Asia
Capercaillie / Wildcat / Pine Marten Eagle Owl /Bison / Mishmi Takin / Tiger
Home Sweet Habitat Find an animal at the Park that:
Needs a large area Needs a small area
Tiger / polar bear / Wolf Slugs, snails
Lives in groups or colonies Prefers to Live alone
Red deer / Japanese macaque / Wolves Amur tiger / Polar bear
Something to Talk About.
What’s in your personal habitat?
Home, school, urban (cities, towns and villages)
What do you need to live comfortably?
Basics - shelter, warmth, and food
Some pupils might say material goods – TV, mobile computer etc. these are
luxuries
What is similar about your habitat and the Parks animal’s habitats?
We like natural areas that fulfil our all our requirements to live and survive.
They may require enrichment activities so that they don’t get bored.
Some animals like to live as a group (family)
What is different?
They are supplied with food and cannot hunt as they would in the wild. Some
enclosures are not as large as they would be in the wild, but this is related to
how much food is available
These answers are just suggestions, they will vary.
For further activities www.highlandwildlifepark.org/schools.htm
HWP Education
Answers for the Schools Learning & Activity Pack
What is our native
country?
Scottish wildcat Capercaillie Pine
marten Red deer Red squirrel Scotland
We are found on which continent?
Wolf Eagle owl Crane Bison Lynx Europe
We are found in what habitat?
Polar bear Snowy owl Arctic fox Musk ox Forest reindeer Tundra
We are found on which continent?
Amur tiger
Satayr tragopan
Japanese macaque
Chinese goral
Przewalski horse Asia
We are found in what habitat?
Pallas cat Monal Red panda Bactrian camel Wild yak Mountains
We like to eat meat. What are
we?
We are all from the same
order. What are we?
We like to eat meat and veg. What are
we?
We are herbivores.
What do we eat?
There are not many of us left. What are
we?
Carnivore Birds Omnivore Plants Endangered
Highland Wildlife Park Animal Search What animals can you spot while at the Park? Try and find them all.
Flies Crawls Climbs Snowy owl
European eagle owl Monal
Satyr tragopan
Toad Newt
Pine marten Red panda
Swims Walks on their own Walks with a group
Beaver Newt
Pine marten Polar bear
Przewalski horse Bision
Red deer Markhor
Runs Jumps or Hops Swings
Wolf Lynx
Scottish wildcat Kaing
Brown hare Rabbits (These animals are wild in the
Park) Japanese macaque
Slithers Walks on 2 legs Walks on 4 legs
Slow worm Crane
Capercaillie
Amur tiger Bharal
Mishmi takin Bactrian camel
How Animals Move As you walk around the Park, write down the species next to the picture when you see an animal moving that way. See how many you are able to find that...
For further activities www.highlandwildlifepark.org/schools.htm
HWP Education
Answers for the Schools Learning & Activity Pack
Adaptation Animal 1 Animal 2
Hollow fur Polar Bear Reindeer
Blubber for warmth Polar bear
Ability to store food on the body (fat reserves) Bactrian camel Beaver
Small ears Arctic fox Polar bear
Thick/long fur Musk ox Yak
Small surface area large mass Arctic fox Polar bear
Excellent thermal properties in the fur Arctic fox Polar bear
Compact features (short legs, rounded ears
compact face)
Arctic fox Polar bear
Furry feet Reindeer Polar bear
Big feet (act as snow shoes) Reindeer Lynx
Excellent camouflage Snowy owl / Polar bear Arctic fox
Ability to grow a winter coat
Camel Amur tiger
Bison Arctic fox
Ability to change colour in the winter Arctic fox
Ability to migrate Snowy owl Crane
Animal Adaptations
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HWP Education
Answers for the Schools Learning & Activity Pack
World Biomes Look around the Park and try and put the animals in the correct biome around the world. 1) Bactrian camel 2) Polar bear 3) Wolf 4) Amur tiger 5) Japanese macaque 6) Turkmenian Markhor 7) Scottish wildcat 8) Arctic fox 9) Red panda 10) Forest reindeer
For further activities www.highlandwildlifepark.org/schools.htm
HWP Education
Answers for the Schools Learning & Activity Pack
See
tabl
e be
low
for a
nsw
ers
Wha
t mak
es a
n an
imal
rare
?
Can
you
mat
ch/c
onn
ect b
y dr
awin
g a
line
the
cons
erva
tion
stat
us s
ymbo
l and
with
its
desc
riptio
n?
C
an y
ou fi
nd a
nim
als
with
in th
e Pa
rk th
at m
atch
the
cons
erva
tion
stat
us (B
ritis
h o
r glo
bal).
Try
and
fill
in a
ll th
e bo
x’s
if yo
u ca
n.
Can
you
thin
k o
f ani
mal
s w
hich
are
ext
inct
?
‘Pre
sent
ly
not a
t ris
k’
‘Ext
rem
ely
hig
h ris
k o
f ex
tinct
ion’
‘Ver
y hi
gh
risk
of
extin
ctio
n’
‘Hig
h ris
k o
f ex
tinct
ion’
‘T
o b
e o
nly
foun
d in
ca
ptiv
ity’
All
Dea
d
‘No
t en
oug
h in
form
atio
n’
‘Po
pula
tion
not
asse
ssed
’
‘Lik
ely
to b
eco
me
th
reat
ened
in
near
futu
re’
Leas
t con
cern
N
ear t
hrea
tene
d Vu
lner
able
En
dang
ered
Cr
itica
lly
enda
nger
ed
Extin
ct in
th
e w
ild
Extin
ct
Dodo
Aur
och
Casp
ian
tiger
Irish
elk
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HWP Education
Answers for the Schools Learning & Activity Pack
Animal LC NT VU EN CR EW EX European beavers √ √ Snowy owl √ √ European lynx √ √ Scottish wildcat √ √ European eagle owl √ √ Pine marten √ √ Capercaillie √ √ Red squirrel √ √ Red deer √√ European Crane √ √ European elk √ √ European wolf √ √ European forest reindeer
√
European bison √ Przewalski horse √ Arctic fox √ Polar bear √ Musk ox √ Great grey owl √ Amur tiger √ Red panda √ Pallas cat √ Markhor √ Bharal √ Chinese goral √ Himalayan tahr √ Kaing √ Yak √ Mishmi takin √ Bukhara deer √ Bactrian camel √ Japanese Macaque √ Japanese serow √ Satyr tragopan √
Conservation Status Key √ – International species √ - British species (past and present) LC – Least Concern NT - Near Threatened VU - Vulnerable EN – Endangered CR – Critically endangered EX – Extinct in the wild EX – Extinct
For further activities www.highlandwildlifepark.org/schools.htm
HWP Education
Answers for the Schools Learning & Activity Pack
Why do we have animals in the Park? Can you identify the threats to the animals in the wild?
Write the species (animal) in the left hand column and tick the threats that affect them. You can tick as many boxes’ as there are threats to the animal in the wild.
Wha
t ar
e th
e bi
gge
st t
hrea
ts t
o a
nim
als
in th
e w
ild?
Lo
ss o
f hab
itat
and
per
secu
tion
by h
uman
s
Threa
ts An
imals
Loss
of ha
bitat
Glob
al wa
rming
Hy
bridis
ation
Pe
rsecu
tion b
y hu
mans
(hu
nting
)
Comp
etitio
n fro
m do
mesti
c liv
estoc
k
Habit
at fra
gmen
tation
Loss
of pre
y sp
ecies
(no
food
)
Poac
hed f
or bo
dy pa
rts
Introd
uced
sp
ecies
Polar
bear
√ √
√ √
Wo
lf √
√
√
Red p
anda
√
√
√
Lynx
√
√
√
Wildc
at √
√
√
Bison
√
√
√ √
√
Amur
tiger
√ √
√
√
√ √
Re
d squ
irrel
√
√
√
√
Goral
√
√ √
√
√
Came
ls
√
√ √
Mish
m tak
in
√ √
√
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