Answers for the Schools Learning & Activity Pack · 8) Fresh water: Lochs (Loch Insh, Boat of Garten). 9) Rivers (River Spey, River Feshie). Scotland has an extensive array of fresh

HWP Education For further activities

www.highlandwildlifepark.org/schools.htm

Answers for the Schools Learning & Activity Pack

Teachers you may wish to be aware of these answers while you are walking around to be able to give hints to your students.

The sample answers are just examples and can be variable depending upon what the pupils decide.

Around the Highland Wildlife Park: Quiz

Summit to sea in Scotland

HWP Education For further activities

www.highlandwildlifepark.org/schools.htm


Type of habitat.

Give named

examples of habitat.

Examples of

birds found in this habitat.

Examples of other animals found

in this habitat.

1) Mountains / Alpine tundra. Cairngorms Ring ouzel Ptarmigan / Mountain hare /

Reindeer

2) Moorland. Rannoch Moor Red grouse /

Hen Harrier Highland cattle / Common lizard

3) Peatland. Glenmore Curlew / Hen Harrier / Merlins Red deer / Adder/ Slow Worms

4) Caledonian Pine Forest and

5) Plantation Woodland

Glen Affric

Moor of Feshie

Crested tit / Capercaillie

Buzzard

Red deer / Wildcat / Red Squirrel

Roe deer / Rabbit

6) Farmland and Scrub woodland.

Dunachtonmore Farm Pheasant Badger / Bats / Brown hare

7) Urban. Inverness Pigeon / Sparrow Fox

Fresh water: 8) Loch and

9) Rivers.

Loch Morlich

River Spey

Osprey /Whooper Swan

Merganser / Dipper

Pike / Newts / Frog

Salmon / Trout / Otter

10) Coast and Shore. Moray Coast

Grt Northern Diver / Puffin /

Chough Seal / Crab / Otter

11) Estuaries. Beauly Firth Cormorant Porpoise / Dolphin / Salmon

12) Open sea. North Sea Gannet / Auk / Puffin Basking shark

1) Mountains / Alpine Tundra (Cairngorm Mountains). The mountain areas of Scotland are generally regarded as ground beyond 700m above sea level. This is roughly the elevation of the former tree-line, where scrub and woodland remain scarce and where habitats are near-natural. Mountain habitats consist mainly of moss and lichen heaths, snow beds, blanket bog and terraces of dwarf-shrub heath. Approximately 12 per cent of Scotland's land surface (3 per cent of Great Britain) is mountain. Birds: Ptarmigan / Dotterel / Golden Eagle / Snow Bunting. Other animals: Arctic (Blue) Hare / Reindeer (introduced) / Stoat.

Summit to Sea in Scotland (The habitats of Scotland and additional info).

For further activities www.highlandwildlifepark.org/schools.htm

HWP Education


2) Moorland (Monadliath Hills). The uplands of Scotland fall into two broad classes: above the former tree-line lies high mountain habitat; below this, down to the upper reaches of enclosed farmland, sub-mountain land consists of moorland, rough grassland and bog. Moorland is dominated by dwarf shrubs, principally Heather (Calluna vulgaris). Moorland is semi-natural, composed mainly of native plants which, though much changed in abundance, have been present since the early Holocene (post glacial period of the past 10,000 years). The distribution of moorland in Scotland has been defined by the census of the Land Cover of Scotland 1988. Recently published figures indicate that 8.7 per cent of Scotland is covered by heather moorland; 8.4 per cent by peatland; a further 15.7 per cent by heather moorland and peatland mosaics; and 14.5 per cent by rough grassland and moorland mosaics. Birds: Peregrine Falcon / Red Grouse / Red kite. Other animals: Red Deer / Sika Deer (introduced) / Common Lizard / Wildcat / Feral Goat.

3) Peatland (Glenmore). Peat is an organic deposit formed when dead plant material fails to decay because it is constantly or intermittently waterlogged. The living communities towards the surface become increasingly insulated from underlying mineral soils by the accumulating peat. The resulting formation is known as peatland or 'mire', the general term for a peat-forming habitat. A peat formation may extend for no more than a few metres around a spring outflow, or may drape across entire landscapes of hundreds of square kilometres. From the National Peatland Resource Inventory it has been estimated that blanket peat of greater than 1 metre depth covers 14 per cent of Scotland. Birds: Merlin’s / Ravens / Cuckoo / Hen Harrier. Other animals: Adder / Slow Worms.


HWP Education


4) Caledonian Pine Forest (Rothiemurchus) 5) Plantation Woodland (Moor of Feshie) The forest cover which developed in Scotland after de-glaciation was a western outlier of the European temperate/boreal (northern) forest transition zone. Prior to forest clearance in Scotland, the extent and composition of these forests changed in response to the prevailing climatic conditions. By 1919, when the Forestry Commission was established, Scotland's forests had declined to less than 5 per cent of the land area, despite substantial tree planting by private landowners in the nineteenth century. The forest area then expanded steadily after 1919 and by 1992 it was estimated to cover approximately 14 per cent of Scotland. Birds: Capercailie / Black Grouse / Crossbill / Buzzard / Long Eared Owl. Other animals: Red Squirrel/ Pine Marten/ Red Deer/ Roe Deer.

6) Farmland and scrub woodland. (Dunachtonmore Farm) Farmland is an important part of the natural heritage of Scotland and provides much of its wildlife habitat, landscape interest, recreational and sporting resource. Three-quarters (5,885,000 ha) of the land of Scotland is classed as agricultural land. Of this, 11 per cent is in arable production, 19 per cent is improved grassland and 69 per cent is rough grazing. Nine-tenths of Scotland is classed as Less Favoured Area in the European Union, comprising land of low productivity where farming is necessary to prevent depopulation. The farmland of Scotland can be divided into four broad types: hill livestock, lowland livestock and dairy, arable cropping, and crofting. Birds: Lapwing / Pheasant / Corncrake / Barn Owl / Skylark / Tawny Owls. Other animals: Rabbit / Brown Hare / Roe Deer / Hedgehog.


HWP Education


7) Urban Areas (Inverness, Edinburgh, Glasgow). Scotland's population in the 1991 census was 5.1 million people, approximately 80 per cent of whom live in towns and cities. Although urban areas cover only around 3 per cent of Scotland's land area, it is the environment in which most people gain their everyday experience of the natural heritage. The quality of Scotland's urban environment, founded mainly in the Central Belt on heavy industries and petrochemicals, has generally improved during the latter part of this century. The urban environment is important not only because it offers contact with the natural heritage for many people. It also provides a diverse range of habitats for plants and animals, such as semi-permanent public open space in towns and cities, consisting of public parks and gardens, rail and road corridors, canals, graveyards and recreational areas. Birds: Peregrine Falcon / Kestrel / Tawny Owls. Other animals: Red Fox / Badger / Grey Squirrel / Bats.

8) Fresh water: Lochs (Loch Insh, Boat of Garten). 9) Rivers (River Spey, River Feshie). Scotland has an extensive array of fresh waters, with more than 90 per cent of the volume and 70 per cent of the total surface area of fresh water in the United Kingdom. Map studies indicate that there are more than 30,000 lochs and 6,600 river systems in Scotland. The fresh waters of Scotland are a valuable economic, recreational and environmental resource for commercial and recreational fisheries - for fish farming; for the supply of potable, agricultural and industrial water; as a source of energy for hydro-electric power; for the dilution of industrial and sewage effluent discharges; for recreational activities, both on and around the water; and as a tourist attraction. Birds: Osprey / Whooper Swan / Goosander. Other animals: Palmate Newt / Great Crested Newt / Frog / Toad / Otter / Mink / Salmon.


HWP Education


10) Coast and Shore (Isles Skye, Hebrides). Measured along the mean high water mark the coastline of Scotland is 11,803km in length. The number of islands with terrestrial vegetation is nearly 800, with about 600 of them lying off the west coast. There appears to be no estimate of the number of smaller islands, or skerries, which are at times wave-washed and carry no terrestrial vegetation. Scotland's diverse coastline is translated into an equally varied range of shoreline habitats. The character of a shore is dependent on a number of physical factors including wave exposure, salinity, geology, tidal range and strength of currents. There have been numerous reviews and studies of specific elements of Scotland's shores but a comprehensive survey of the distribution of the habitats and species around the coast of Scotland is not yet complete. Birds: Chough / Eider / Great Northern Diver. Other animals: Rabbits / Toads / Crabs.

11) Estuaries (Beauly Firth, Forth, Clyde). An estuary is a partially enclosed area of water where sedimentation leads to the development of soft tidal shores open to the marine environment and receiving fresh water from the land. Coastal indentation and juxtaposition of surrounding mountains make the landscapes of some estuaries particularly significant in Scotland. Scottish estuaries range from small pristine sites with little human activity to highly industrialised areas such as the Clyde and the Forth which have in recent centuries received very damaging discharges of industrial and domestic effluent. However, the rich, diverse wildlife and landscape interest of estuaries, often close to urban areas, offers special opportunities for environmental education and interpretation for all in the community. Birds: Barnacle Goose / Avocet / Dunlin. Other animals: Common and Grey Seal / Dolphin / Porpoise / Salmon.


HWP Education


12) Open Sea (Irish, Atlantic, North Sea). The coastal waters around Scotland, which extend to depths of around 30 metres, give way to the open sea areas of the continental shelf, with waters of up to about 200 metres in depth, and beyond. The open sea to the east of Scotland is relatively shallow continental shelf water, in comparison to the deep sea of the Rockall Trough with depths in excess of 1,000 metres found relatively close to the coast off the west and north of mainland Scotland. The water masses of the open sea are moved by winds and tides, and provide a natural habitat for a diverse range of species - from phytoplankton (microscopic aquatic plants) found in the upper layers of the sea, to fish and larger cetaceans (the whales) located in the deep sea. Birds: Gannet / Skua / Puffin. Other animals: Dolphin / Porpoise / Basking Shark / Minki Whale.

What is the animal on the

sign?

What habitat does it live in?

Give an example of this

habitat.

What do they like to eat?

Osprey Rivers / lochs /

marshes (Wetlands)

River Spey / Loch Insh/ Insh

Marshes Fish

Otters Rivers / sea

River Spey / sea Fish

Highland cattle Farmlands / meadows/hills

Badenoch / Skye Grass

Brown hare Farmland Farms near

Kingussie and Insh

Grass

Caperaillie Forest Rothiemurchus Pine needles and blaeberries

Pine marten Pine forest Glenmore Red squirrel

Scottish wildcat Farmland / woodland / moorland

Insh / Glen Tromie / above

Glen Feshie Rabbit

Red deer Moorland Glen Feshie Grass and trees

Ptarmigan Tundra Cairngorm Massif

Heather shoots and leaves

Golden eagle Caledonian pine forest / high plateau

Hare Glen Feshie

Imagine where you might see……?


HWP Education


Animal Is it a herbivore carnivore or an

omnivore Give an example of what it would eat

1) Wolf Carnivore Deer, small mammals

2) Elk Herbivore Trees (leaves and bark)

3) Beaver Herbivore Roots, leaves, small branches

4) Boar Omnivore Meat (carrion)and roots vegetation

5) Bear Omnivore Fish, small mammals, roots, fungi, and berries

What 5 animals used to be found in the Scottish countryside and are now extinct in the UK? Do you think we should introduce past animals back to the Scottish Countryside, why? (Personal opinion will vary) What problems and benefits do you think we will have if we do reintroduce some of these animals? Problems: Eating live stock and native species (competition), scaring people Benefits: Tourism (more jobs), scientific study, maintaining large herbivore populations and small carnivores, increase in biodiversity How could we get over these problems? Education of the public about the animals what to do if you come across them and how to protect the domestic live stock, look at what other counties have done, compensation payments, re-training, better live stock management. Which of the 5 animals that could be reintroduced to the UK, do we not have at the Park? Wild boar and brown bear When, where and who killed the last wolf in Scotland? 1743, Findhorn Moray, McQueen

Extinct British Animals


HWP Education


Region of origin

Threats to the population

Conservation Status

Breeding Program

Red Panda India, China,

Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar

Loss of habit Vulnerable EEP

Amur tiger Russia, China Habitat loss, pouching,

traditional Chinese medicine

Endangered EEP

Scottish Wildcat Scotland Hybridisation, disease

/hunting Critically

endangered ESB

European Wolf Europe, Asia Habitat fragmentation

and persecution Least Concern NONE

Polar Bear Russia,

Canada, Greenland

Global warming Vulnerable EEP

Pallas cat

Mongolia, China and the

Tibetan Plateau

Their food is being poisoned and they have

nothing to eat. (prey base depletion)

Near threatened EEP

Japanese serow Japan Few threats due to

protection Least concern ESB

Markhor Western Himalayas

Traditional Chinese medicine, hunting Endangered EEP

Beaver Europe In Britain over hunting and loss of habitat Least concern NONE

Chinese goral

Eastern Russia, China Hunting, habitat loss Vulnerable ESB

European Lynx

Carpathian, Romania

Habitat loss, hunting (illegal skin trade) and prey base depletion

Least concern ESB

European Bison

Belarus; Lithuania;

Poland; Romania; Russian

Federation; Slovakia; Ukraine

Habitat degradation and fragmentation were the primary reasons for the decrease and extinction

of European bison

Vulnerable EEP

Bharal Nepal, Tibet, Himalayas Habitat loss, hunting Least Concern ESB

Capercaillie Scotland Re-introduced to the

UK, habitat loss, predators

Least concern NONE

Why do animals need zoos?


HWP Education


Is red Is white Is blue(ish) Is grey

Red Panda / Red Deer /Red Squirrel

Polar Bear / Arctic Fox (in winter) Blue Sheep (Bharal) Wolf

Has spots Has stripes Has hooves Webbed feet

Lynx Amur Tiger / Wildcat Prezwalski Horse / Bison / Deer Beaver

Has feathers Has scales Has a shell Has whiskers

Crane / Capercaillie Slow worm Snail Wildcat / Lynx / Amur Tiger

Is covered in fur Has no fur or feathers Has horns Has antlers

Any mammal Frog / Slow worm Markhor / Goral /Serow Red Deer / Reindeer

Has a long tail Has a short tail Has claws Has retractable claws

Tiger / Red panda / Wildcat

Lynx / Japanese Macaque Wolf / Polar bear Amur tiger / Wildcat /

Red Panda

Is bigger than you Is smaller than you Could fit in the palm of your hand Heavier than you

Bison / Przewalski horse

Red Panda / Satyr Tragopan Slug / Snail / Lizard Polar bear / Tiger /

Red deer

Something to talk about.

What characteristics make you unique?

DNA, genetics, pupils may also say eye, hair colour, accent, style,

What characteristics do you share with some of the animals at the Zoo?

We are vertebrates

We are mammals

We eat meat and veg (omnivore)

Physical features such as 2 eyes, arms, legs, mouth,

Able to communicate with each other

Which animals are similar to you?

The closest animals that are similar to us at the Park are the Japanese’s

macaque. They are a vertebrate, mammal and a primate, with some similar

physical features

Which are different from you?

Slugs, snails they are invertebrates (no back bone), humans are vertebrates.

Invertebrates generally have different physical features than us, more legs

or no legs, more eyes or no eyes etc.

These answers are just suggestions, they will vary.

Scavenger Hunt: Creature Feature


HWP Education


Lives on land Lives on the ice Lives in forests Lives in mountains

Bison Polar Bear Capercaillie / Wildcat Markhor

Lives on grasslands Lives on the tundra Lives in your back garden Became extinct in the UK

Bison / Przewalski Reindeer / Arctic Fox Red Squirrel Wolf / Lynx / Elk / Bear / Boar

Lives in Scotland Lives in Europe Lives in Asia

Capercaillie / Wildcat / Pine Marten Eagle Owl /Bison / Mishmi Takin / Tiger

Home Sweet Habitat Find an animal at the Park that:

Needs a large area Needs a small area

Tiger / polar bear / Wolf Slugs, snails

Lives in groups or colonies Prefers to Live alone

Red deer / Japanese macaque / Wolves Amur tiger / Polar bear

Something to Talk About.

What’s in your personal habitat?

Home, school, urban (cities, towns and villages)

What do you need to live comfortably?

Basics - shelter, warmth, and food

Some pupils might say material goods – TV, mobile computer etc. these are

luxuries

What is similar about your habitat and the Parks animal’s habitats?

We like natural areas that fulfil our all our requirements to live and survive.

They may require enrichment activities so that they don’t get bored.

Some animals like to live as a group (family)

What is different?

They are supplied with food and cannot hunt as they would in the wild. Some

enclosures are not as large as they would be in the wild, but this is related to

how much food is available

These answers are just suggestions, they will vary.


HWP Education


What is our native

country?

Scottish wildcat Capercaillie Pine

marten Red deer Red squirrel Scotland

We are found on which continent?

Wolf Eagle owl Crane Bison Lynx Europe

We are found in what habitat?

Polar bear Snowy owl Arctic fox Musk ox Forest reindeer Tundra

We are found on which continent?

Amur tiger

Satayr tragopan

Japanese macaque

Chinese goral

Przewalski horse Asia

We are found in what habitat?

Pallas cat Monal Red panda Bactrian camel Wild yak Mountains

We like to eat meat. What are

we?

We are all from the same

order. What are we?

We like to eat meat and veg. What are

we?

We are herbivores.

What do we eat?

There are not many of us left. What are

we?

Carnivore Birds Omnivore Plants Endangered

Highland Wildlife Park Animal Search What animals can you spot while at the Park? Try and find them all.

Flies Crawls Climbs Snowy owl

European eagle owl Monal

Satyr tragopan

Toad Newt

Pine marten Red panda

Swims Walks on their own Walks with a group

Beaver Newt

Pine marten Polar bear

Przewalski horse Bision

Red deer Markhor

Runs Jumps or Hops Swings

Wolf Lynx

Scottish wildcat Kaing

Brown hare Rabbits (These animals are wild in the

Park) Japanese macaque

Slithers Walks on 2 legs Walks on 4 legs

Slow worm Crane

Capercaillie

Amur tiger Bharal

Mishmi takin Bactrian camel

How Animals Move As you walk around the Park, write down the species next to the picture when you see an animal moving that way. See how many you are able to find that...


HWP Education


Adaptation Animal 1 Animal 2

Hollow fur Polar Bear Reindeer

Blubber for warmth Polar bear

Ability to store food on the body (fat reserves) Bactrian camel Beaver

Small ears Arctic fox Polar bear

Thick/long fur Musk ox Yak

Small surface area large mass Arctic fox Polar bear

Excellent thermal properties in the fur Arctic fox Polar bear

Compact features (short legs, rounded ears

compact face)

Arctic fox Polar bear

Furry feet Reindeer Polar bear

Big feet (act as snow shoes) Reindeer Lynx

Excellent camouflage Snowy owl / Polar bear Arctic fox

Ability to grow a winter coat

Camel Amur tiger

Bison Arctic fox

Ability to change colour in the winter Arctic fox

Ability to migrate Snowy owl Crane

Animal Adaptations


HWP Education


World Biomes Look around the Park and try and put the animals in the correct biome around the world. 1) Bactrian camel 2) Polar bear 3) Wolf 4) Amur tiger 5) Japanese macaque 6) Turkmenian Markhor 7) Scottish wildcat 8) Arctic fox 9) Red panda 10) Forest reindeer


HWP Education


See

tabl

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for a

nsw

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HWP Education


Animal LC NT VU EN CR EW EX European beavers √ √ Snowy owl √ √ European lynx √ √ Scottish wildcat √ √ European eagle owl √ √ Pine marten √ √ Capercaillie √ √ Red squirrel √ √ Red deer √√ European Crane √ √ European elk √ √ European wolf √ √ European forest reindeer

√

European bison √ Przewalski horse √ Arctic fox √ Polar bear √ Musk ox √ Great grey owl √ Amur tiger √ Red panda √ Pallas cat √ Markhor √ Bharal √ Chinese goral √ Himalayan tahr √ Kaing √ Yak √ Mishmi takin √ Bukhara deer √ Bactrian camel √ Japanese Macaque √ Japanese serow √ Satyr tragopan √

Conservation Status Key √ – International species √ - British species (past and present) LC – Least Concern NT - Near Threatened VU - Vulnerable EN – Endangered CR – Critically endangered EX – Extinct in the wild EX – Extinct


HWP Education


Why do we have animals in the Park? Can you identify the threats to the animals in the wild?

Write the species (animal) in the left hand column and tick the threats that affect them. You can tick as many boxes’ as there are threats to the animal in the wild.

Wha

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e th

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hrea

ts t

o a

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als

in th

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ild?

Lo

ss o

f hab

itat

and

per

secu

tion

by h

uman

s

Threa

ts An

imals

Loss

of ha

bitat

Glob

al wa

rming

Hy

bridis

ation

Pe

rsecu

tion b

y hu

mans

(hu

nting

)

Comp

etitio

n fro

m do

mesti

c liv

estoc

k

Habit

at fra

gmen

tation

Loss

of pre

y sp

ecies

(no

food

)

Poac

hed f

or bo

dy pa

rts

Introd

uced

sp

ecies

Polar

bear

√ √

√ √

Wo

lf √

√

√

Red p

anda

√

√

√

Lynx

√

√

√

Wildc

at √

√

√

Bison

√

√

√ √

√

Amur

tiger

√ √

√

√

√ √

Re

d squ

irrel

√

√

√

√

Goral

√

√ √

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Came

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Mish

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√ √

√

Documents

Answers for the Schools Learning & Activity Pack · 8) Fresh water: Lochs (Loch Insh, Boat of Garten). 9) Rivers (River Spey, River Feshie). Scotland has an extensive array of fresh