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Animal Evolution & Diversity . Chapter 26. Nonchordate Invertebrates. Sponges. Cnidarians. Phyla- Porifera (have pores) Multicellular Heterotrophic No cell walls Few specialized cells Clade - Meazoa. Phyla- Cnidaria Include: Jellyfishes, sea fans, sea anemones, hydras, corals - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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ANIMAL EVOLUTION & DIVERSITY
Chapter 26
Nonchordate Invertebrates
Phyla- Porifera (have pores)
Multicellular Heterotrophic No cell walls Few specialized cells Clade- Meazoa
Phyla- CnidariaInclude: Jellyfishes, sea fans, sea anemones, hydras, corals carnivoresRadial symmetryStinging tenticles
Sponges Cnidarians
Nonchordate Invertebrates
Phylum- Arthropoda (joint feet)
Includes: spiders; centipedes; insects; and crustaceans (crabs)
Segmented body Exoskeleton Cephalization Jointed appendages
Phylum- Nematoda Include: nematodes,
roundworms, unsegmented worms (pseudocoeloms)
Specialized tissues, organ systems
Arthropods Nematodes (roundworms)
Nonchordate Invertebrates
Phylum- Platyhelminthes Soft Unsegmented Flattened worms Have tissues and internal
organ systems Bilateral symmetry cephalization
Phylum- Annelida Includes: earthworms,
marine worms, parasites, bloodsucking leeches
Segmented True coelom
Flatworms Annelids
Nonchordate Invertebrates
Phylum- Mollusca Includes: snail, slugs,
clams, squids, octopus Soft-bodied Internal or external shell True coeloms Complex organs Produce larvae
Phylum- Echinodermata Includes: sea stars,
urchins, and san dollars Spiny skin Internal skeleton Water vascular system Five-part radial symmetry
Mollusks Echinoderms
26.2
Chordates
Reptiles Evolved from ancient amphibians First to evolve to dry conditions
Have dry, scaly skin Well-developed lungs Strong limbs Shelled eggs that do NOT develop in water Four groups of reptiles: lizards, snakes,
crocodilians, turtles and tortoises, and tuatara Related to dinosours
Amphibians Live in water as larva, and land as adults Vertebrates Require water for reproduction Have lungs (adults) Moist skin (mucus glands) No scales or claws
Bony Fish Have skeletons Two groups of bony fish : Ray-finned and Lobe-
FinnedRay-finned Lobe-finned
Internal skeletonPaired finsScalesGills
Example: eels, goldfish, and catfish
Fleshy fins
Include: lungfish and coelacants
Tetrapods are four-limbed vertebrates
Birds Considered reptiles that regulate their
internal body temperature. Have feathers Two legs Lightweight bones Front limbs are wings
Jawless fish No jaws or teeth Skeletons are made of cartilage Include: lampreys and hagfishes Lack vertebra Have notochord
Mammals Mammary glands (produce milk) Hair Breathe air Four-chambered heart Maintain homeostasis (regulation of body
temperature)
26.3
Primate Evolution
What is a Primate? A mammal that has relatively long fingers and
toes with nails instead of claw Arms can rotate around the shoulder joints Strong clavicle Binocular vision (combine images from both
eyes, providing 3D views ) Well-developed cerebrum (“thinking” part of the brain allows complex behaviors)
Hominie Evolution Homonoids (include orangutans, gorillas, chimpanzee,
and humans) Hominines (hominoids that led to humans)
Skull, neck, spinal column, hip bones, and leg bones of early hominine species changed shape in ways that enabled later species to walk upright (BIPEDAL)
Hand evolved an OPPOSABLE THUMB that can touch the tips of the fingers (enables grasping)
Evolved larger brains
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