Animal Development. Fertilization Cleavage Gastrulation Organogenesis Specialized adaptations

Animal Development

Fertilization

Cleavage

Gastrulation

Organogenesis

Specialized adaptations

Fertilization

FertilizationEGG

CYTOPLASM

FertilizationEGG

CYTOPLASM

Vitelline layer

(extracellular matrix)

EGG CYTOPLASM

Vitelline layer

Sperm-binding receptors

Fertilization

Vitelline layer

Fertilization

Jelly coat

Vitelline layer

Jelly coat

Cortical granules

Fertilization

Vitelline layer

Jelly coat

Cortical granules

Fertilization

Sperm head

Vitelline layer

Jelly coat

Cortical granules

Fertilization

Acrosome

Vitelline layer

Jelly coat

Cortical granules

Fertilization

Acrosome

Actin fibers

Fertilization

Acrosomal reaction

Fertilization

Acrosomal reaction

Fertilization

Acrosomal processes bind

to sperm-binding receptors

Fertilization

Sperm and egg membranes

Fertilization

FAST REACTION:

Fertilization

FAST REACTION:•Ion channels open up

FAST REACTION:•Ion channels open up•Sodium ions rush in

Fertilization

FAST REACTION:•Ion channels open up•Sodium ions rush in•Membrane depolarizes

Fertilization

FAST REACTION:•Ion channels open up•Sodium ions rush in•Membrane depolarizes

Fertilization

CORTICAL REACTION:

Fertilization

CORTICAL REACTION:•Endoplasmic reticulum releases Ca2+ ions

Fertilization

CORTICAL REACTION:•Endoplasmic reticulum releases Ca2+ ions•Ca2+ triggers cortical granules to fuse with plasma membrane

Fertilization

CORTICAL REACTION:•Endoplasmic reticulum releases Ca2+ ions•Ca2+ triggers cortical granules to fuse with plasma membrane

Fertilization

CORTICAL REACTION:•Endoplasmic reticulum releases Ca2+ ions•Ca2+ triggers cortical granules to fuse with plasma membrane•Contents are released into perivitelline space

Fertilization

CORTICAL REACTION:•Endoplasmic reticulum releases Ca2+ ions•Ca2+ triggers cortical granules to fuse with plasma membrane•Contents are released into perivitelline space•Sperm-binding receptors are clipped

Fertilization

CORTICAL REACTION:•Endoplasmic reticulum releases Ca2+ ions•Ca2+ triggers cortical granules to fuse with plasma membrane•Contents are released into perivitelline space•Sperm-binding receptors are clipped

Fertilization

CORTICAL REACTION:•Endoplasmic reticulum releases Ca2+ ions•Ca2+ triggers cortical granules to fuse with plasma membrane•Contents are released into perivitelline space•Sperm-binding receptors are clipped•Vitelline layer hardens

Fertilization

This time you give the narration!

Fertilization

Cleavage

Morula Blastula

Cleavage

Gastrulation

Chorion

Amnion

Yolk sac

Allantois

Vertebrate Embryonic Development

Fate Mapping

Specific regions of the zygote become specific parts of the

embryo

Fate Mapping

Nonamniotic species:

Fate Mapping

Nonamniotic species:

Unevenly distributed cytoplasmic determinants in the egg establish body axes.

Fate Mapping

Amniotic species:

Fate Mapping

Amniotic species:

Local environmental differences establish initial differences between cells and determine body axes.

Fate Mapping

Amniotic species:

Local environmental differences establish initial differences between cells and determine body axes.

“Organizer” regions secrete signals molecules.

Fate Mapping

Apical Ectodermal Ridge

ProgressZone

Zone Of PolarizingActivity

Fate Mapping

Remove AER

Normal AER

Split AER orExtra AER added

Fate Mapping

Swapping AER’s

Fate Mapping

Adding extra ZPA

Adding Retinoic acid bead

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