An Ontological Approach for the Management of Rights Data Dictionaries Roberto García, Jaime...

An Ontological Approach for the Management of

Rights Data Dictionaries

Roberto García, Jaime DelgadoDMAG (Distributed Multimedia Applications Group)

Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain

Contents

• Introduction

• MPEG-21 RDD

• OWL Mappings

• RDD Ontology

• Benefits– Integrity– Consistency– Other

• Conclusions

Introduction. Multimedia Content

• Identification

• Description

• Coding

• Business Models

• Distribution / Communication

• Digital Rights! (IPR, Intellectual Property Rights)

Introduction. DMR Issues

• Protection: Copy protection, Watermarking, …

• Information representation:– Metadata– Rules (Rights expression language)– Dictionary (Rights Data Dictionary)– Negotiation: Protocol– Agreement: Contract– Control : Passive and active

Introduction. DRM Standardistation

• Information representation:– Metadata– Rules

(Rights expression language)– Dictionary

(Rights Data Dictionary)

• Approaches: MPEG-21, ODRL, CreativeCommons, CopyrightOntology,…

MPEG-21 RDD

• Moving Picture Experts Group– MPEG-1: Standard for storage and retrieval of

moving pictures and audio on storage media– MPEG-2: Standard for digital television– MPEG-4: Standard for multimedia

applications– MPEG-7: Standard for description and search

of audio and visual content– MPEG-21: Multimedia Framework

MPEG-21 RDD• Part 1: Vision, Technologies and Strategy• Part 2: Digital Item Declaration• Part 3: Digital Item Identification• Part 4: Intellectual Property Management and Protection• Part 5: Rights Expression Language• Part 6: Rights Data Dictionary• Part 7: Digital Item Adaptation• Part 8: Reference Software• Part 9: File Format• Part 10: Digital Item Processing• Part 11: Evaluation Methods for Persistent Association Technologies• Part 12: Test Bed for MPEG-21 Resource Delivery• Part 13: Scalable Video Coding• Part 14: Conformance• Part 15: Event Reporting• Part 16: DID binarisation• …?

MPEG-21 RDD

• Rights expressions terms definitions.

• Informal ontology.

• Set of terms and terms relationships.

MPEG-21 RDD

MPEG-21 RDD

• Term attributes:– Headword: name.– Synonym: alternative names.– Definition– MeaningType: Original, PartlyDerived or Derived.– Comments

MPEG-21 RDD

• Term relations:– Genealogy: inheritance, domain and range…– Types: class membership.– Membership of Sets: set membership.– Family: ActType to Context Model terms.– ContextView: Context Model semantics.

MPEG-21 RDD

• Context Model:

OWL Mappings

• Formalise RDD semantics.

• OWL Web Ontology.

• Map terms attributes and relations to OWL constructs.

OWL Mappings

Predefined in RDFS Schemardfs:commentComments

New property defined in RDDOntorddo:meaningTypeMeaningType

Predefined in Dublin Core RDFSdc:descriptionDefinition

New property defined in RDDOntorddo:synonymSynonym

Predefined in RDFrdf:IDHeadword

Kind of RDF propertyRDF PropertyRDD Attribute

OWL Mappings

rdfs:memberIsMemberOf

rdf:rangeHasRange

rdf:domainHasDomain

rdf:typeIsA

rdfs:subClassOfrdfs:subPropertyOfIsTypeOf

RDFRDD relation

OWL Mappings

owl:inverseOfIsReciprocalOf

Inverse of rdfs:subClassOfand rdfs:subPropertyOf

HasType

Inverse of owl:oneOfIsAllowedValueOf

rddo:isPartOfIsPartOf

owl:complementOfIsOpposedTo

owl:equivalentClassowl:equivalentPropertyowl:sameIndividualAs

IsEquivalentTo

rddo:hasQualityIs

OWLRDD relation

RDDOnto

• Parse RDD FDIS Table 3 “Terms Definitions”.

• Apply mappings.

• Generate OWL Ontology: RDDOnto– Complete: RDDOnto OWL-Full– Constrained: RDDOnto OWL-DL

RDDOnto. OWL-Full

• Classes: 597

• Datatype Properties: 3

• Object Properties: 245

• Annotation Properties: 3

• Individuals: 811

RDDOnto. OWL-DL

• Ignore classes as instances.

• Class to Class relations as AnnotationProperties.– Relations for the Context Model.– Alternative: class Restrictions.

RDDOnto

• Example: Act hierarchy.

Benefits. Integrity

• Integrity problems (undefined terms).– Relationships: HasCoChangedResource,

icoInteractor, IsInteractorInContext, IsInteractorWith, IsInteractedWithBy, IsAllowedValueOf and IsDescriptionOf.

– Terms: ContextModelTermSet, TS_2, CategorizingEvent, Categorized and RenderedAsFixation.

– Spelling errors: PlaceOfCategorizeing, TimeOfCategorizeing and HaIsCategory.

Benefits. Consistency

• Performed by logic reasoning tools (Description Logic reasoners).

• Check inconsistencies: 320 inconsitencies detected.

Benefits. Consistency

• Inconsistency examples (1/2):– IsAgentActingOn has domain Agent.

Its superproperty IsRelativeOf has domain Relative but it is not superclass of Agent

– BegetsAgentType has domain AgentType.Its superproperty IsBegetterOf has domain Begetter but it is not superclass of AgentType

Benefits. Consistency

• Inconsistency examples (2/2):– BegetsTimeType has range TimeType.

Its superproperty IsRelativeOf has range BegottenTerm but it is not superclass of TimeType

– Has has range Haver.Its superproperty IsRelativeOf has range Relative but it is not superclass of Haver

Benefits. Other

• Facilitate MPEG-21 implementation: – Semantic queries. – DL classifiers for license checking.– Ontology integration (RELOntos-RDDOnto).

• Standard usability:– Graphical views.– Ontology editors.

• Etc.

Conclusions

• RDDOnto (OWL Ontology for RDD)– 2003: Contributed to MPEG, M10423– Used by DMAG Reference Sotfware– 2005: Update RDD FDIS– 2005: RDD review and extension