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An Ontological Approach for the Management of
Rights Data Dictionaries
Roberto García, Jaime DelgadoDMAG (Distributed Multimedia Applications Group)
Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
Contents
• Introduction
• MPEG-21 RDD
• OWL Mappings
• RDD Ontology
• Benefits– Integrity– Consistency– Other
• Conclusions
Introduction. Multimedia Content
• Identification
• Description
• Coding
• Business Models
• Distribution / Communication
• Digital Rights! (IPR, Intellectual Property Rights)
Introduction. DMR Issues
• Protection: Copy protection, Watermarking, …
• Information representation:– Metadata– Rules (Rights expression language)– Dictionary (Rights Data Dictionary)– Negotiation: Protocol– Agreement: Contract– Control : Passive and active
Introduction. DRM Standardistation
• Information representation:– Metadata– Rules
(Rights expression language)– Dictionary
(Rights Data Dictionary)
• Approaches: MPEG-21, ODRL, CreativeCommons, CopyrightOntology,…
MPEG-21 RDD
• Moving Picture Experts Group– MPEG-1: Standard for storage and retrieval of
moving pictures and audio on storage media– MPEG-2: Standard for digital television– MPEG-4: Standard for multimedia
applications– MPEG-7: Standard for description and search
of audio and visual content– MPEG-21: Multimedia Framework
MPEG-21 RDD• Part 1: Vision, Technologies and Strategy• Part 2: Digital Item Declaration• Part 3: Digital Item Identification• Part 4: Intellectual Property Management and Protection• Part 5: Rights Expression Language• Part 6: Rights Data Dictionary• Part 7: Digital Item Adaptation• Part 8: Reference Software• Part 9: File Format• Part 10: Digital Item Processing• Part 11: Evaluation Methods for Persistent Association Technologies• Part 12: Test Bed for MPEG-21 Resource Delivery• Part 13: Scalable Video Coding• Part 14: Conformance• Part 15: Event Reporting• Part 16: DID binarisation• …?
MPEG-21 RDD
• Rights expressions terms definitions.
• Informal ontology.
• Set of terms and terms relationships.
MPEG-21 RDD
MPEG-21 RDD
• Term attributes:– Headword: name.– Synonym: alternative names.– Definition– MeaningType: Original, PartlyDerived or Derived.– Comments
MPEG-21 RDD
• Term relations:– Genealogy: inheritance, domain and range…– Types: class membership.– Membership of Sets: set membership.– Family: ActType to Context Model terms.– ContextView: Context Model semantics.
MPEG-21 RDD
• Context Model:
OWL Mappings
• Formalise RDD semantics.
• OWL Web Ontology.
• Map terms attributes and relations to OWL constructs.
OWL Mappings
Predefined in RDFS Schemardfs:commentComments
New property defined in RDDOntorddo:meaningTypeMeaningType
Predefined in Dublin Core RDFSdc:descriptionDefinition
New property defined in RDDOntorddo:synonymSynonym
Predefined in RDFrdf:IDHeadword
Kind of RDF propertyRDF PropertyRDD Attribute
OWL Mappings
rdfs:memberIsMemberOf
rdf:rangeHasRange
rdf:domainHasDomain
rdf:typeIsA
rdfs:subClassOfrdfs:subPropertyOfIsTypeOf
RDFRDD relation
OWL Mappings
owl:inverseOfIsReciprocalOf
Inverse of rdfs:subClassOfand rdfs:subPropertyOf
HasType
Inverse of owl:oneOfIsAllowedValueOf
rddo:isPartOfIsPartOf
owl:complementOfIsOpposedTo
owl:equivalentClassowl:equivalentPropertyowl:sameIndividualAs
IsEquivalentTo
rddo:hasQualityIs
OWLRDD relation
RDDOnto
• Parse RDD FDIS Table 3 “Terms Definitions”.
• Apply mappings.
• Generate OWL Ontology: RDDOnto– Complete: RDDOnto OWL-Full– Constrained: RDDOnto OWL-DL
RDDOnto. OWL-Full
• Classes: 597
• Datatype Properties: 3
• Object Properties: 245
• Annotation Properties: 3
• Individuals: 811
RDDOnto. OWL-DL
• Ignore classes as instances.
• Class to Class relations as AnnotationProperties.– Relations for the Context Model.– Alternative: class Restrictions.
RDDOnto
• Example: Act hierarchy.
Benefits. Integrity
• Integrity problems (undefined terms).– Relationships: HasCoChangedResource,
icoInteractor, IsInteractorInContext, IsInteractorWith, IsInteractedWithBy, IsAllowedValueOf and IsDescriptionOf.
– Terms: ContextModelTermSet, TS_2, CategorizingEvent, Categorized and RenderedAsFixation.
– Spelling errors: PlaceOfCategorizeing, TimeOfCategorizeing and HaIsCategory.
Benefits. Consistency
• Performed by logic reasoning tools (Description Logic reasoners).
• Check inconsistencies: 320 inconsitencies detected.
Benefits. Consistency
• Inconsistency examples (1/2):– IsAgentActingOn has domain Agent.
Its superproperty IsRelativeOf has domain Relative but it is not superclass of Agent
– BegetsAgentType has domain AgentType.Its superproperty IsBegetterOf has domain Begetter but it is not superclass of AgentType
Benefits. Consistency
• Inconsistency examples (2/2):– BegetsTimeType has range TimeType.
Its superproperty IsRelativeOf has range BegottenTerm but it is not superclass of TimeType
– Has has range Haver.Its superproperty IsRelativeOf has range Relative but it is not superclass of Haver
Benefits. Other
• Facilitate MPEG-21 implementation: – Semantic queries. – DL classifiers for license checking.– Ontology integration (RELOntos-RDDOnto).
• Standard usability:– Graphical views.– Ontology editors.
• Etc.
Conclusions
• RDDOnto (OWL Ontology for RDD)– 2003: Contributed to MPEG, M10423– Used by DMAG Reference Sotfware– 2005: Update RDD FDIS– 2005: RDD review and extension