View
7
Download
1
Category
Preview:
DESCRIPTION
ye
Citation preview
Metronidazole
Mechanism of Action
Effective against anaerobic bacteria and protozoa. Specifically inhibits growth of trichomonae and amoebae by binding to DNA, resulting in loss of helical structure, strand breaking, inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis, and cell death.
Contraindication
Patients with blood dyscrasias, active organic disease of the CNS, trichomoniasis during the first trimester of pregnancy.
Lactation Consumtion of alcohol during use. Hypersensitivity.
Indication
Serious infections due to susceptible anaerobic bacteria.
Peritonitis. Intra-abdominal abscess and liver abscess due to B. fragilis and so on.
Skin and skin structure infections due to Bacteroides species.
Endometritis, endomyometritis, tube-ovarian abscess, and post surgical vaginal cuff infection due to Bacteroides Species.
Bacterial vaginosis and symptomatic trichomoniasis in males and females.
Bacterial septicemia due to bacteroides species.
Adjunct therapy to treat bone and joint infections due to bacteroides species.
Meningitis and brain abscess due to Bacteroides species,
Endocarditis due to Bacteroides species.
Amebiasis To reduce postoperative anaerobic
infection following colorectal surgery, elective hysterectomy, and emergency appendectomy.
Hepatic encephalopathy. Crohn’s disease Diarrhea associated with
Clostridium difficile.
Side Effects
Headache, vaginitis, nausea, metallic taste, genital (vaginitis) pruritis, bacterial infection, flu-like symptoms.
Nursing Interventions
Reduce dosage to patients with hepatic disorder. Discontinue primary IV infusion during infusion of
metronidazole. Monitor CBC, LFTs, and cultures.to patients with amebiasis,
monitor stool number/characteristics. To patients with IV therapy, assess for sodium retention. With pregnancy use the 7-day regimen for trichomoniasis. Administer PO drug with food to reduce GI upset. Instruct patient to take no alcohol until at least 48 hours after
therapy is completed. Encourage patient o avoid vaginal intercourse during
treatment.
Ampicillin (am-pih-SILL-in)
Mechanism of Action
Bactericidal action against sensitive organisms; inhibits synthesis of bacterial cell wall, causing cell death.
Indication
Treatment of infections caused by susceptible strains of shigella, salmonella, E. coli, H. influenza, P. mirabilis, N. gonorrhoeae, enterococci, gram-positive organisms.
Meningitis caused by neisseria meningitiditis
Unlabelled use: prophylaxis in cesarean section I certain high-risk patients.
Side Effects
Lethargy, hallucinations, seizures, CHF, glossitis, stomatitis, gastritis, sore-mouth, nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain.
Nursing Interventions
Take drug around the clock. Encourage the patient to take full course of
therapy. Administer drug orally on an empty stomach 1
hour before or 2 hours after meals. Check IV site carefully for signs of thrombosis or
drug reaction when drug is given intravenously.
Assessmentnote
Contraindication
Allergies to penicillins, cephalosporins, or other allergens.
Use cautiously to patients with renal disorder.
Amikacin
Mechanism of Action
Bactericidal: inhibits protein synthesis in susceptible strains of gram-negative bacteria, and the functional integrity of bacterial cell membrane appears to be disrupted, causing cell death.
Indication
Short-term treatment of serious infections caused by susceptible strains of Pseudomonas species, E. coli, indole– positive proteus species, providencia species, klebsiella, enterobacter, and serratia species, acinetobacter species.
Contraindication Patients with allergy to aminoglycosides.Patients with renal or hepatic disorder, preexisting hearing loss, myasthenia gravis, parkinsonism, infant botulism.LactationUse cautiously to elderly patients.
Confusion, disorientation, depression, lethargy, nystagmus, visual disturbances, headache, fever, numbness, tingling, tremor, paresthesias, muscle twitching, convulsions, muscular weakness.
Nursing Interventions- am-ih-KAY-sin
contraindicationsconcurrent use of nephrotixic agents
·Monitor duration of treatment; usually 7-10 days. If clinical response does not occur within 3-5 days, stop
therapy.· Ensure that patient is well hydrated before and during the therapy.
Assessment (note reasons for therapy, onset, characteristics of s&s, c&s results. Assess weight, hydration status U/A,CBC, renal and LFTs; reduce, dose with dysfunction…2) obtain audiometric assessment with high doses or prolonged use 3) note vestibular dysfunction; monitor for 8th CN impairment R/T elevated peak drug levels
· drug is administered parenterally (IV or IM) to treat susceptible infections-report lack of response; adverse side effects. Consume 2-3 liters/day of fluids to ensure to ensure hydration
Tranexamic Acid
Mechanism of Action
Competitively inhibits activation of plasminogen. Directly inhibits plasmin activity, but higher doses are required than are needed to reduce plasmin formation.
Indication
Used after delivery to reduce bleeding.
Treatment of bleeding. Reduce risk of secondary
hemorrhage outcomes in patients with traumatic hyphema.
Contraindication
Allergy to any ingredient in tranexamic acid. Patients with disturbance of color vision. Patients with irregular bleeding of unknown
cause. Conditions that may increase blood clots.
Side Effects
Dizziness, fatigue, headache
Nursing Interventions
Administer by mouth usually 2-4 times daily or as directed by the physician.
Dosage must be based on clients weight.
Photos of ranitidine, tramadol,& tranexamic acid
Recommended