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The Lack of a Profession
• no architectural profession• no large scale projects
– residence of small scale public
• constructed by builders, craftsmen, bricklayers or amateur architects– pattern books
Charles Bulfinch
• Boston politician & gentleman • amateur architect• failed investment
– had to practice to survive
Harrison Gray Otis
Boston, 1790s, by Charles Bulfinch(very clear relationship to English Neoclassicism)
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•clearly responding to Neoclassicism•delicate ornamentation
1—tablets—inspired by Robert Adam2—palladian window3—fanlight—invented by Adam—attached to the front door4—sidelights
Parlor
• symmetry• citron/aquamarine• Adamesque drapes—swag
with double jabot• wallpaper frieze
• classical arrangement• allover or fitted carpet• pier table—looks like mirror is
attached/one piece because mirror goes below table
•historically preserved space •American furniture is more simple than England•fireplace anchors the room—almost exact replica of Adam’s work
Thomas Jefferson: Politician• member of Virginia House of Burgesses, 1769-
74 • member of Continental Congress, 1775-76 • Governor of Virginia, 1779-81 • member of Continental Congress, 1783-85 • Minister to France, 1785-89 • Secretary of State, 1790-93 (under
Washington) • Vice President, 1797-1801 (under J. Adams) • President, 1802
Thomas Jefferson: Scientist• scientist / inventor • farmer
– believed that everything good about America came from its land
– makes a concentrated effort to connect outside with inside
• father was a surveyor
Monticello
Charlottesville, VA, by Thomas Jefferson, 1772-1812
trying to create an “American” interpretation
•cruciform shape added a lot of windows— connection to outside•four stories—basement, main 1st,main 2nd, rotunda
garden façade (personal)—shows much garden façade (personal)—shows much more of the inventormore of the inventor
compass compass indicator from indicator from weather vaneweather vane
version of the Doric version of the Doric order—connection order—connection
to Greece, the to Greece, the original democracyoriginal democracy
Entry Hall: The First American MuseumEntry Hall: The First American Museum•busts of politicians•specimen of the American landscape•simple furniture—slave made; trade skill when freed
Dining Room
fireplace most likely took this design from a pattern book—customary tablet that imitates jasperware
Breakfast/ Tea room—half-octagonal addition to dining room
•two sets of doors to create an air pocket
•these open for when both sets of doors are closed
•morphed writing desk and chaise lounge
•candles built into chair
•invention creates two copies at once
•design attributed to Jefferson
•holds five books at once
•allows reader to rotate stand
•unfolds as step ladder
revolving five-sided book stand
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