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AHS International AHS Montréal / Ottawa Chapter
AHS International AHS Montréal / Ottawa Chapter
International Helicopter
SafetySymposium
2005
International Helicopter
SafetySymposium
2005
Safety StrategiesSafety Strategies
In making helicopter flight safer, we can approach the problem from many angles:
• Create safer machines
• Keep them in pristine condition
• Make the environment as safe as possible
• Prepare and maintain crew skills
ORMake training part of the overall safety strategy, for
everyone:
Management, Mechanics, Pilots and Crews
In making helicopter flight safer, we can approach the problem from many angles:
• Create safer machines
• Keep them in pristine condition
• Make the environment as safe as possible
• Prepare and maintain crew skills
ORMake training part of the overall safety strategy, for
everyone:
Management, Mechanics, Pilots and Crews
In General …In General …
There’s one sure-fire way to fix all safety concerns … There’s one sure-fire way to fix all safety concerns …
Just Stop Flying!
What you don’t know … won’t hurt you, right?
What you don’t know … won’t hurt you, right?
What you don’t train for, won’t happen, right?
What you don’t train for, won’t happen, right?
Training For Mission SuccessTraining For Mission Success
• Why do we train? To get the job done
To reduce risk of mission failure
To improve efficiency and reduce cost
• Why do we train? To get the job done
To reduce risk of mission failure
To improve efficiency and reduce cost
Training For SafetyTraining For Safety
Why do we train? For safety of passengers and payload
For safety of the crew
For safety of the equipment
Why do we train? For safety of passengers and payload
For safety of the crew
For safety of the equipment
Individual and Crew SkillsIndividual and Crew Skills
Building skills starts with a look at current training methods
• Undergraduate flight training produces “licensed drivers”, with little or no real-world “application” skills.
• Postgraduate flight training is mostly “OJT” (on-the-job training)
• May take years of OJT to build an experienced pilot in some fields, like Long line operations Fire fighting Powerline maintenance Logging
• But are the skills developed in an structured OJT process, or is it just hit-and-miss?
• How can it be done better?
Building skills starts with a look at current training methods
• Undergraduate flight training produces “licensed drivers”, with little or no real-world “application” skills.
• Postgraduate flight training is mostly “OJT” (on-the-job training)
• May take years of OJT to build an experienced pilot in some fields, like Long line operations Fire fighting Powerline maintenance Logging
• But are the skills developed in an structured OJT process, or is it just hit-and-miss?
• How can it be done better?
OJT Training MethodsOJT Training Methods
• Mostly done in the air, pilot-to-pilot
• Skills transfer achieved by observing and practicing with an experienced pilot; transfer will depend on how good the “old hand” is
• Very few “dedicated” training missions are conducted – OJT is done on revenue producing missions!
• Very little synthetic training used, except for type conversions, procedures and emergencies.
• Mostly done in the air, pilot-to-pilot
• Skills transfer achieved by observing and practicing with an experienced pilot; transfer will depend on how good the “old hand” is
• Very few “dedicated” training missions are conducted – OJT is done on revenue producing missions!
• Very little synthetic training used, except for type conversions, procedures and emergencies.
Typical OJT Training MissionsTypical OJT Training Missions
Training for demanding tasks and missions should be mandatory – not OJT!
Training for demanding tasks and missions should be mandatory – not OJT!
OJT Training IssuesOJT Training Issues
• Impossible to introduce every scenario needed for comprehensive training into OJT – it’s a crapshoot
• There are a lack of industry standards – how do we know when is a pilot “trained and ready” for his/her missions?
But….
• Because OJT may never effectively shrink the pilot’s safety bubble, inefficiencies, risk and confidence issues will remain.
• Impossible to introduce every scenario needed for comprehensive training into OJT – it’s a crapshoot
• There are a lack of industry standards – how do we know when is a pilot “trained and ready” for his/her missions?
But….
• Because OJT may never effectively shrink the pilot’s safety bubble, inefficiencies, risk and confidence issues will remain.
Ideal Training LogicIdeal Training Logic
If … We could create an immersion environment that provided all the
necessary sensory cues experienced in OTJ training … And we could control the weather, visibility conditions, terrain, wind
turbulence … And we could capture the experience of seasoned pilots and use it to
train new pilots objectively … And we could measure the training’s effectiveness through
standards and testing …
Then… We’d have a much shorter path for creating journeyman or
experienced pilots And we would have “logic – skill based” safety, because our pilots
would be better equipped
And… we will actually improve mission effectiveness and efficiency through
better rehearsal and contingency training.
If … We could create an immersion environment that provided all the
necessary sensory cues experienced in OTJ training … And we could control the weather, visibility conditions, terrain, wind
turbulence … And we could capture the experience of seasoned pilots and use it to
train new pilots objectively … And we could measure the training’s effectiveness through
standards and testing …
Then… We’d have a much shorter path for creating journeyman or
experienced pilots And we would have “logic – skill based” safety, because our pilots
would be better equipped
And… we will actually improve mission effectiveness and efficiency through
better rehearsal and contingency training.
Flying vs SimulationFlying vs Simulation
If done correctly:• Simulation is a trade-off for flying• And flying is a trade-off for simulation• The “art of training” is to create a skillful
blend of BOTH• When done correctly, you will receive
the best and most cost effective training for helicopters
If done correctly:• Simulation is a trade-off for flying• And flying is a trade-off for simulation• The “art of training” is to create a skillful
blend of BOTH• When done correctly, you will receive
the best and most cost effective training for helicopters
The Case For Synthetic ImmersionThe Case For Synthetic Immersion
• Synthesis of OJT would be useful as an immersive training environment in reducing OJT hours, if … Cues: subtle and dynamic sensory cues and pilot aids were
reproduced Environmental: the characteristics, forces and physics outside the
helicopter were accurately modeled Scenarios: highly realistic training scenarios, with many
customizable features, must be available in the synthetic alternative Economics: synthetic approach must represent a significant cost
saving over OJT
• Will never eliminate OJT – but synthetic immersion provides a significant offload of OJT time, and is inherently safer approach
• Because synthetic immersion cannot replace “procedural training”, a balance of other media (including aircraft) will always be needed in the training equation.
• Synthesis of OJT would be useful as an immersive training environment in reducing OJT hours, if … Cues: subtle and dynamic sensory cues and pilot aids were
reproduced Environmental: the characteristics, forces and physics outside the
helicopter were accurately modeled Scenarios: highly realistic training scenarios, with many
customizable features, must be available in the synthetic alternative Economics: synthetic approach must represent a significant cost
saving over OJT
• Will never eliminate OJT – but synthetic immersion provides a significant offload of OJT time, and is inherently safer approach
• Because synthetic immersion cannot replace “procedural training”, a balance of other media (including aircraft) will always be needed in the training equation.
Technology SolutionsTechnology Solutions
Synthetic immersion training can provide some of the answers, however …
• Current synthetic training is focused on “procedural” training: classic undergraduate, type-conversion, instrument and emergency training roles
• Current synthetic trainers do address subtle sensory cues needed for vertical flight and immersive training, but: Cross-cockpit viewing, through-cockpit viewing - current
visual systems have limitations and inherent parallax errors
Stereoscopic effects, for depth and vertical distance perception are limited
Synthetic immersion training can provide some of the answers, however …
• Current synthetic training is focused on “procedural” training: classic undergraduate, type-conversion, instrument and emergency training roles
• Current synthetic trainers do address subtle sensory cues needed for vertical flight and immersive training, but: Cross-cockpit viewing, through-cockpit viewing - current
visual systems have limitations and inherent parallax errors
Stereoscopic effects, for depth and vertical distance perception are limited
More on TechnologyMore on Technology
Current visual systems in synthetic trainers require “sweet-spot” visual optimizations – viewing anywhere else in the envelope is sub-optimal for training.
Current synthetic training methods are expensive, and therefore scarce, as well as being seriously deficient
• Current synthetic trainers are OK for procedural flight training and some missions, but not OK for helicopter skills transfer – “post graduate” training – because they do not do a good job of producing an ‘immersive’ environment.
Current visual systems in synthetic trainers require “sweet-spot” visual optimizations – viewing anywhere else in the envelope is sub-optimal for training.
Current synthetic training methods are expensive, and therefore scarce, as well as being seriously deficient
• Current synthetic trainers are OK for procedural flight training and some missions, but not OK for helicopter skills transfer – “post graduate” training – because they do not do a good job of producing an ‘immersive’ environment.
The Answer to the Immersive Synthetic Training Question
The Answer to the Immersive Synthetic Training Question
• Driven by the Maritime Helicopter community needs, Defense Research and Development Canada in late 90’s developed the Helicopter Deck Landing System (HDLS) prototype for DND
• Based on S-61/Sea King landing on CF frigate deck in North Atlantic, modeled sea-states, aircraft and ship accurately
• Used early VR technology coupled to available sensory stimulus to “immerse” pilot
• All lighting and weather conditions, wind over deck, weather, and controllable sea states provided for launch and landing scenario
• Driven by the Maritime Helicopter community needs, Defense Research and Development Canada in late 90’s developed the Helicopter Deck Landing System (HDLS) prototype for DND
• Based on S-61/Sea King landing on CF frigate deck in North Atlantic, modeled sea-states, aircraft and ship accurately
• Used early VR technology coupled to available sensory stimulus to “immerse” pilot
• All lighting and weather conditions, wind over deck, weather, and controllable sea states provided for launch and landing scenario
The HDLS PrototypeThe HDLS Prototype
• Accurate visual scenery appropriate to the deck landing mission
• Head mounted display, with stereo imagery capable of painting the full 360° field of regard environment
• Head tracking device• Small, but full-capability motion platform carrying a
high-fidelity pilot seat, harness, etc.• Vibration and auditory stimuli provided by multiple
audio systems• Controls and pedals to complete the illusion• S-61 Sea King helicopter model, frigate model• Wind, wave, sea and environmental effects derived
from comprehensive physics modeling
• Accurate visual scenery appropriate to the deck landing mission
• Head mounted display, with stereo imagery capable of painting the full 360° field of regard environment
• Head tracking device• Small, but full-capability motion platform carrying a
high-fidelity pilot seat, harness, etc.• Vibration and auditory stimuli provided by multiple
audio systems• Controls and pedals to complete the illusion• S-61 Sea King helicopter model, frigate model• Wind, wave, sea and environmental effects derived
from comprehensive physics modeling
HDLS Today: “HVT”HDLS Today: “HVT”
• In 2003, DRDC partnership with industry established to develop HDLS into commercially viable and production-grade solution
• Atlantis selected after competitive proposal• Helicopter Vocational Trainer (HVT) design concepts
defined for multiple immersive training scenarios• HVT first production system developed by Atlantis
for I/ITSEC 2005• Multiple representative helicopter models envisaged
for production version• Likely to be adopted by DND for post graduate
training adjunct to undergraduate course, for mountain flying, deck landing, urban operations training, NVG and other applications.
• In 2003, DRDC partnership with industry established to develop HDLS into commercially viable and production-grade solution
• Atlantis selected after competitive proposal• Helicopter Vocational Trainer (HVT) design concepts
defined for multiple immersive training scenarios• HVT first production system developed by Atlantis
for I/ITSEC 2005• Multiple representative helicopter models envisaged
for production version• Likely to be adopted by DND for post graduate
training adjunct to undergraduate course, for mountain flying, deck landing, urban operations training, NVG and other applications.
Helicopter Vocational TrainersHelicopter Vocational Trainers
The HVT ConceptThe HVT Concept
• Marriage of VR visuals in a head-mounted display, electric motion base, with accurate, highly detailed scenarios and physics based modeling
• Compact, reconfigurable are design features• Key to creating the immersion experience – account
for all the pilot’s sensory inputs: Pilot’s hands hold helicopter controls Pilot can look anywhere, and see appropriate high-
resolution imagery, with correct stereoscopic detail, without parallax error, giving depth-of-field perception
Pilot’s ears hear appropriate audio cues, aircraft sounds Pilot sits in flight-grade seat with harness, with feet on
control-loaded pedals
• Marriage of VR visuals in a head-mounted display, electric motion base, with accurate, highly detailed scenarios and physics based modeling
• Compact, reconfigurable are design features• Key to creating the immersion experience – account
for all the pilot’s sensory inputs: Pilot’s hands hold helicopter controls Pilot can look anywhere, and see appropriate high-
resolution imagery, with correct stereoscopic detail, without parallax error, giving depth-of-field perception
Pilot’s ears hear appropriate audio cues, aircraft sounds Pilot sits in flight-grade seat with harness, with feet on
control-loaded pedals
HVT Subsystems: HardwareHVT Subsystems: Hardware
• Base: Seat, Pedals, Controls, Head Tracker and Helmet
• Motion System: Electric, Six Degrees of
Freedom• Host Computer:
PC Based• Image Generator:
PC Based• Instructor Operator
Station: PC Based
• Base: Seat, Pedals, Controls, Head Tracker and Helmet
• Motion System: Electric, Six Degrees of
Freedom• Host Computer:
PC Based• Image Generator:
PC Based• Instructor Operator
Station: PC Based
… leverages advances in PC technology and miniaturization… leverages advances in PC technology and miniaturization
HVT Subsystems: BaselineHVT Subsystems: Baseline
• Controls: Cyclic and collective, with required functionality
• Motion system cues: Modeled from aircraft derived data
• Aural Cues: Dynamically responding to aircraft model and motion
• Virtual aircraft: Emulates specific or generic cockpit configuration and structures Instruments will be dynamic and be reactive to HVT controls
• Instructor Operator Station: PC-based and controls all aspects of training to include, pause,
playback, record, snapshots, gods-eye-views
• Will support LAN and WAN implementations For team-training applications
• Controls: Cyclic and collective, with required functionality
• Motion system cues: Modeled from aircraft derived data
• Aural Cues: Dynamically responding to aircraft model and motion
• Virtual aircraft: Emulates specific or generic cockpit configuration and structures Instruments will be dynamic and be reactive to HVT controls
• Instructor Operator Station: PC-based and controls all aspects of training to include, pause,
playback, record, snapshots, gods-eye-views
• Will support LAN and WAN implementations For team-training applications
HVT FootprintHVT Footprint
… small footprint, 25% of typical FFS real estate, low headroom… small footprint, 25% of typical FFS real estate, low headroom
HVT ScenariosHVT Scenarios
Many applications, but each will target a specific set of skills to be transferred by training: Mountain operations Deck landing and haul-downs, for naval and oilrig
operations, in all-weather conditions Long-line operations, sling loads, static and dynamic loads Logging Urban operations, military and civilian emergency pilot and
crew training Brown-out & White-out identification and landing
techniques Night Vision Systems – initial, refresher and advanced
training
Many applications, but each will target a specific set of skills to be transferred by training: Mountain operations Deck landing and haul-downs, for naval and oilrig
operations, in all-weather conditions Long-line operations, sling loads, static and dynamic loads Logging Urban operations, military and civilian emergency pilot and
crew training Brown-out & White-out identification and landing
techniques Night Vision Systems – initial, refresher and advanced
training
The HVT TomorrowThe HVT Tomorrow
• Simulation High Level Architecture already embedded in HVT concept for growth applications
• Allows future networking of HVT applications and devices, enabling team training, such as Multiple helicopter task coordination missions and
maneuvers
• Configuration for STOVL – JSF and V-22• Aircrew - ground and deck crew coordination• Aircrew and weapon operator, hoist operator,
sensor operator training• Your tasks go here:
• Simulation High Level Architecture already embedded in HVT concept for growth applications
• Allows future networking of HVT applications and devices, enabling team training, such as Multiple helicopter task coordination missions and
maneuvers
• Configuration for STOVL – JSF and V-22• Aircrew - ground and deck crew coordination• Aircrew and weapon operator, hoist operator,
sensor operator training• Your tasks go here:
SummarySummary
• Our conference objective: to map out an approach to reduce helicopter accidents by 80% over the next 10 years
• It can be traced to many accidents that a major contributor is a lack of adequate training
• OJT training does not cover all the eventualities (scenarios), and is inherently risky and costly
• Traditional synthetic simulators are not immersive “enough” to allow the pilot to receive the fidelity of training required
• The marriage of virtual-reality techniques with the latest visual and motion technology, and high-fidelity environmental modeling, provides a useful “synthetic immersion” into a training environment
• Use of synthetic immersion approaches – like HVT – will reduce OJT, improve training and experience, and improve safety
• Our conference objective: to map out an approach to reduce helicopter accidents by 80% over the next 10 years
• It can be traced to many accidents that a major contributor is a lack of adequate training
• OJT training does not cover all the eventualities (scenarios), and is inherently risky and costly
• Traditional synthetic simulators are not immersive “enough” to allow the pilot to receive the fidelity of training required
• The marriage of virtual-reality techniques with the latest visual and motion technology, and high-fidelity environmental modeling, provides a useful “synthetic immersion” into a training environment
• Use of synthetic immersion approaches – like HVT – will reduce OJT, improve training and experience, and improve safety
Thank YouThank You
For further information covering HVT and synthetic immersion training concepts, please contact:
Atlantis Systems International, Inc.One Kenview Boulevard
Brampton, OntarioL6T 5E6Canada
telephonesCanada: +1(905) 792-1981U.S.A. and International: +1(407) 380-9191
emailimmersion@AtlantisSI.com
For further information covering HVT and synthetic immersion training concepts, please contact:
Atlantis Systems International, Inc.One Kenview Boulevard
Brampton, OntarioL6T 5E6Canada
telephonesCanada: +1(905) 792-1981U.S.A. and International: +1(407) 380-9191
emailimmersion@AtlantisSI.com
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