(AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION). Paleolithic- “Old Stone Age.” Mesolithic- “Middle Stone Age.”...

NEOLITHIC REVOLUTION(AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION)

HUMAN MIGRATION OUT OF AFRICA

PALEOLITHIC & MESOLITHIC AGES Paleolithic-

“Old Stone Age.” Mesolithic-

“Middle Stone Age.” 2,000,000 BC – 10,000

BC- Hunter-Gatherers-

Searching for food. Nomadic-

Move around a lot. Men-

Hunt & fish. Women-

Gather fruits, nuts, roots.

NEOLITHIC REVOLUTION Neo-

Means “new.” Lithic-

Means rock or stone). This is the New Stone Age-

Stones are used for tools, weapons, etc.

First Agricultural Revolution ever!

NEOLITHIC EXPANSION

GEOGRAPHIC FACTORS Advances in

agriculture- Creates stable food

supply. Permits

development of society.

Why is development of farming considered a “revolution”?

FOOD SUPPLY BEFORE THE REVOLUTION

People are food gatherers- Not food producers.

Nomadic- Roaming existence.

Consume all food in area- Man moves on. Look for another food supply.

Follow migration patterns of herds- Deer, elk, bison, mammoths,

etc.

SHELTER BEFORE THE REVOLUTION

Nomads live on what environment can provide-

Live in Caves. Cave + Man = Caveman! Or temporary shelters made

of wood & hides.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YD36ZhpHPpE

EARLY HUMAN SHELTER

SOCIAL STRUCTURE BEFORE THE REVOLUTION

Social Structure is based on family-

A group of families is called a Clan.

E.g.: McLean Clan

ART & INNOVATION BEFORE THE REVOLUTION

Drawings & art work - Have been found.

Lascaux Cave Painting in France (17,000 years old!!!).

Primitive weapons & tools.

Sewing needles. Use of fire.

LIFE BEFORE THE AGRICULTUREREVOLUTION

Subsistence lifestyle- Supporting oneself at a

minimum level. Bare essentials.

Number 1 priority- Find food. Whole family (clan).

LANGUAGE BEFORE THE REVOLUTION

Verbal communication used.

Symbols used to mark places of importance.

EARLY NEOLITHIC CULTURES

DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURE BAM!!! Man learns to farm-

Able to settle in one place!

Able to acquire more things!

Changes occur independently- All over the world!

Takes several thousand years.

FOOD SUPPLY AFTER THE REVOLUTION

Start food producing- Plant. Tend. Harvest. Store crops.

Domesticate animals- Used for food. Beasts of burden.

Hunting supplements the food supply.

SHELTER AFTER THE REVOLUTION

Mud bricks- Building material.

Eventually stones are used- Leads to rock being

quarried & cut for building.

Villages located near fields- Other reliable food

sources (rivers/sea) .

STONE WALLS

SOCIAL STRUCTURE AFTER THE REVOLUTION

Complex social structures develop- Many clans began living

in close proximity. Gender separation-

Men- Farm. Herd. Hunt.

Women- Work near home. Child-rearing Food preparation.

SOCIAL STRUCTURE CONTINUED.. Religion develops-

Explain the forces of nature.

Governments develop- Organize activities.

ART & INNOVATION AFTER THE REVOLUTION

Carving & statuary. Complex tools &

advances- Weapons. Plows pulled by animals. Building techniques. Cloth making & weaving.

Architecture/building- Religious or common use.

SPECIALIZATION AFTER THE REVOLUTION

People specialize in various tasks-

Tool maker. Stone cutter. Potter. Basket weaving. Early metallurgy

Regional resources are gathered & traded- Beginnings of

economics!

LANGUAGE AFTER THE REVOLUTION

Development of pictographic languages-

Egyptian Hieroglyphics Written language

(alphabet). Develop to keep

records- Food storage. Trade.

WHAT DO CITIES LEAD TO?

Cities

Specialized skills

Division of labor

Written language

CITIES LEAD TO…

Cities

Civilization

WHAT IS A CIVILIZATION? Civilization–

An advanced state- Intellectual development. Cultural development. Material development.

Progress in- Arts. Sciences.

Extensive use of record-keeping- Writing!!!

Complex political & social institutions.

FEATURES OF A CIVILIZATION Government –

Range from very basic to very complex.

Student council is considered a form of governing body.

Serve as central authority or makes decisions for group.

Individual or group. Some form of written

language- Record keeping became

necessary. Why?

FEATURES OF A CIVILIZATION Division of labor-

Specialization in jobs. Breakdown of work into tasks

or parts. Assigned to various people or

groups for purposes of efficiency.

Social classes or social hierarchy –

Determined by different things- Wealth. Power. Ethnicity.

FEATURES OF A CIVILIZATION Advanced technical skills-

Inventions. Art & Architecture. An appreciation of

something that is more than just basic.

Religion or belief system– People who share similar

beliefs. May vary somewhat among

people. There is a core belief-

Reflected in religious beliefs as well.

ANCIENT CIVILIZATIONS

CURRENT CIVILIZATIONS