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Agenda• Your reading guides will be checked
• How will this be different from other units in terms of assessments
• Get to work
1st Summer Assignment
Pick teams based upon results
Thesis Statement
• What are the three things that a thesis statement needs?• Address the prompt• Pick a side• Categories
Evaluate the extent that Fall Break is better than Spring Break.
American Revolution Review
• Colonial Rights were threatened• Who’s rights specifically?
• Repeal intolerable acts• Organized boycotts & expand military reserves
• 1st Continental Congress • Positives?• No response from England – set a president
Fighting Begins
• Lexington and Concord• Seize armament and arrest rebels in the town• 1st shots in Lexington (The shot heard around the world) – retreated to
Concord and got the win
• Battle for Bunker Hill• Colonist lost, but dealt major casualties on the British• King declares a rebellion and declares war
Advantages for England Advantages for Colonist
• Most powerful army/navy
• Plenty of money
• Plenty supply of recruits
• Leadership
• Unity
• Lived close by
• Leadership
• Understanding of the terrain
Divisions within the countryLoyalist Patriots Neutral
Older, Wealthy, educatedMiddle or Southern
Colonies Benefitted – social,
economic, and political standing
Young New Englanders and
Virginians Volunteered
Various regions (West) Uninterested or
unaffected by the war
Last Battles
• Saratoga – convinced the French to join with the colonies• Valley Forge – Depleted British Troops during the Winter• Yorktown – secured general Cornwallis’s surrender• Treaty of Paris
Treaty of Paris 1763 Treaty of Paris 1783• Ended the French and Indian War• Increased Britain's land holdings• Established Britain as the major
European power in North America
• Ended the Revolutionary War• Increased United States’ land holdings• Established United States as a
sovereign county
Impact of the Enlightenment-emphasis of individual over hereditary
• Thomas Paine• Common Sense – use principals to argue it would be contrary to
common sense to let the British Rule
• John Locke’s theory of natural rights• Social Contract• Government should protect life, liberty, and property
• Montesquieu • Separation of Powers
• Rousseau• Direct democracy – reason over emotion
Big Outcomes in the Constitution
• 3 branches of Government• Executive – President• Judicial – Supreme Court• Legislative
• House of Representatives – based on population• Senate – based on equality
• Executive Decision• Electoral college casts votes
• Three Fifths Compromise• Slaves count as 3/5th of a person when tallying population for HOR
Federalist vs Anti-Federalist
• Federalist – in favor of the constitution and a strong Central Government
• Anti-Federalist – opposed the constitution in favor of State’s Rights
• Virginia was needed to Pass it• Federalist Papers – encouraged a Central
Government and offered reasons and claims to it being able to govern the territory
• Virginia showed up late and didn’t get to vote• Bill of Rights
• Concession to the Anti-Federalist
Rise of the Party System
• Dissensions based on policy such as:
• Foreign Policy with French Revolution (Jay’s Treaty)
• Tax policy on imports (Who wants it who doesn’t?)
• Excise taxes (Whiskey)• National Bank (Jefferson vs.
Hamilton)• where to put the state capitol
Which Party are you going to?
• Supporters of the Washington Administration
• Small Farmers• Immigrants• Established Political Leaders• Elite• Free Communication• The few• Involvement in political affairs
Federalist Republican
Adam’s Presidency
• XYZ affair• Fries Rebellion – southeast
Pennsylvania• Alien And Sedation Acts
• Jefferson – “reign of witches”• Virginia and Kentucky resolutions –
Protect free speech
Marbury vs. Madison• Peaceful transition but still holding onto power• President gets to elect judges
• Adams Midnight Judges – 16 new judges (Judiciary act of 1801)• These would be on the bench for Jefferson administration• Jefferson ordered Sec of State, Madison, to not deliver commissions
• Marbury was one of these judges and sued for his job• John Marshal was the Chief Justice
• If he said yes, he would be ignored. If he said no he would look weak• Ruled that Judiciary Act and writs of mandamus (order forcing Madison to deliver the
commissions) was unconstitutional • Able to say no and make the Judiciary branch stronger
• Established Judicial Review - The Supreme Court could now check the authority of both the legislative and executive branches
Jefferson’s paradoxical Presidency• Viewpoints
• Expansionist, agrarian economy, for the many, State’s rights
Strict ConstitutionalistAnti – Federalist Policies
Weak ConstitutionalistFederalist Policies
• Pardoned those imprisoned by Sedation Acts
• Reduced the number of Govt. Employees
• Reduced the army and navy• Abolished taxes (including
Whiskey)• Paid off part of the National
Debt
• Louisiana Purchase
Gulf of Mexico
Canada
Reasons Jefferson adopts loose Constructionist views
• Louisiana Purchase• Land purchase is not stated in the
constitution• Allocates funds for purchase• Allocates funds for exploration
(Lewis and Clark)• National Bank
• Hamilton’s predictions reign true.
• South and West are his base• What do they want?
Jefferson Combatants
• Burr• 12th amendment added to avoid what happened last election
• Vote for President or Vice President• Bitter he lost • Joined radical Federalist called Essex Junto
• Plotted for New England Succession • Was going to be governor of New York but Hamilton put a stop to that as well.
• John Randolph• Creation of the Quids – Conservative Democratic Republicans• Restrict Fed Govt.• Jefferson was corrupt
Jefferson’s Foreign Relations
• Tripolitan War• Barbary Pirates in the Mediterranean
• Napoleonic Wars• Naval battles & disputes between French and
British caused American merchant ships a great deal of challenges
• Practice of Impressment• Ignoring US neutrality seizing ships, goods, people,
firing upon forts• Response was to boycott
• Embargo Act of 1807 – ban to all foreign ports (Federal Power)
• Ruined US economy and hurt New England and Southern Farmers
• Non-Intercourse Act of 1809 – ban to only England and France
Madison’s Foreign Relations
• Madison wins election and continues Jefferson’s Republicanism• Macon’s Bill No.2
• Trade can resume if France or Britain stop interfering• Napoleon agreed quickly to increase tensions with the British• British continued to attack and impressment increased
• Madison reimposed the embargo with Britain• War Hawks
• Nationalist John C. Calhoun and Henry Clay (Southerners)• Expansionist – Canada and Florida
“Second War of Independence”War of 1812
• Madison asked Congress to declare war against Britain• US was not prepared
• Economy was shot (could not get northern loans)• Military was small• Under trained and poorly equipped
• Easily defeated advancement into Canada
• Britain defeated France in 1814 • Started the invasion – seized Washington DC & burned the White House
Views at home• South and West
• Nationalist • War Hawks
• New England• Hartford Convention 1814-15• Federalist
• Limit President to 1 term• Attempted to eliminate the 3/5ths
compromise• Strengthened the Southern states
• Require 2/3 vote in congress to approve new states, declare the War, enact embargo
“Second War of Independence”War of 1812
• 1813 Americans fended off attacks at Fort McHenry
• Francis Scott Key – Star Spangled Banner
• Also expanding into Indian territory –Jackson (War Hero)
• Treaty of Ghent• Ended in a draw. Nothing was gained by either
side
Lasting Impact• Manufacturing flourished – leading to industrial revolution• Country became more independent• Went toe to toe with a major world power – more independent in
the world market• Neither British nor Indians posed a threat to the territory ever
again• Growing since of nationalism • Rise in Government Participation• The End of the Federalist Party.• “Era of Good Feelings” – Monroe elected President
Latin American Revolutions• European Powers scared of loosing
the Western Hemisphere• Hoped to ally• Alliance would hinder US Expansion
• Monroe Doctrine 1823• European Powers need to stay out of
the Western Hemisphere • Basis of US foreign policy from that
point on• Nonintervention in Latin America and
an end to European Colonization
Pick a Side
Create a thesis statement for your argument
• What three things does every thesis statement need?
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