View
236
Download
2
Category
Tags:
Preview:
Citation preview
AGE OF ENLIGHTENMENT
Scientific RevolutionAnd
The Enlightenment
Lesson #8
THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION
1600s – 1700s
2
New Discoveries
1500s and 1600s • Shape of universe• Gravity• Purpose of heart• Scientific method• To discover, based on
pure observation• To challenge the Church
and oppressive leaders
3
Scientific Revolution
p. 667 - When was it?1500s and 1600s
What did it change?The way Europeans views the world.
What new approach did this lead to?Scientific Method (a new approach to science study)
4
Shape of Universe
5Copernicus
HeliocentricUniverse
p. 667 – what did he show?
the Earth revolved around the sun
Sun
Gathering Data
Used observations to verify and prove heliocentrism
6Kepler
Experiments and gathering data
7Galileo
p. 6671. What did he perfect?
TELESCOPE2. What did he declare?
PLANETS MOVE AROUND THE SUN
3. Who (what) did he irritate?THE CHURCH
Gravity
p. 667 – what did he prove?GALILEO WAS CORRECT (INVENTED CALCULUS TO PROVE IT)
What did he say keeps planets in orbit?
GRAVITY
8Newton
Purpose of the Heart
p. 668 – What did new ideas in medicine challenge?TRADITIONAL AUTHORITIES
What did physicians do?MADE ACCURATE DRAWINGS OF THE HUMAN BODY
9Harvey
Why does this matter?• Challenge to the Church• Challenge to the Kings• Challenge to the “old order”• Galileo was even put on trial by the Church
10
ENGLISH THEORISTSHobbes and Locke
2
Science effects Politics
1500s and 1600s • Scientific Revolution effected philosophers
• Philosophers effected government
• Government would shift from Kings (and dictators) to democracy
12
Scientific Revolution
What was it all about?Was all about making sense of the universe
What changed?People starting seeing order in the universe.
They saw nature as “rational” and logical
13
If nature is rational, should man be?
Why do we have governments?To keep order & protect us
Do all governments do that?NO! Some are in power so they can take advantage of that power.
14
Who gives government power?
Who choses a government?Thomas Hobbes said WE do
Why did Hobbes say we have a government?To protect the evil people in society from killing the innocent people.
15
Why do parents hire baby sitters?
16
Social Contract
What did he mean?Thomas Hobbes said we give government power to control us.
He called it a SOCIAL CONTRACT
We give up some rights.In return, we are protected.
17
John Locke
John Locke talked about your “natural rights.” ?
What was he talking about?p. 668LIFE, LIBERTY, and PROPERTY
18
DUTY OF THE GOVERNMENT
What did he say was the duty of the government? (p. 668)TO PROTECT OUR NATURAL RIGHTS
What should the people do if their government fails to protect their rights? (668)REBEL AGAINST THE GOVERNMENT
19
FRENCH PHILOSOPHESVoltaire, Montesquieu and Rousseau
2
Government• Describe a “bad” government• Describe a “bad” baby sitter• Describe a “bad” teacher• Describe a “bad” parent• Describe a “bad” police officer
• What do they have in common?
ABUSE THEIR POWER
• Describe a “good” government, parent teacher or baby sitter…
PROTECT THE PEOPLE
• What’s the difference?
21
Good Government
• Responsible to the needs of the people it rules over
• Fair• Trustworthy• Responsive to the voice
of the people• Protects
VOLTAIRE
22
VoltaireP. 668What did Voltaire poke fun at?
FRANCE’S BACKWARDNESSFRENCH GOVERNMENT
What three things did Voltaire say a government should do (allow for)RELIGIOUS TOLERATIONFREEDOM OF SPEECHFREEDOM OF PRESS
VOLTAIRE
23
How to prevent dictatorship…
1. Make it fight against itself for power
2. Never allow one man (or group) to have all the power
3. Separate the powers of government
P. 668What are the three branches of Government?LEGISLATIVEEXECUTIVEJUDICIARY
24
MONTESQUIEU
How to make government work for us1. Force them to see all of us
are born equal in rights2. No special “ranks”3. Rousseau suggested a
government should be afraid the people it rules over might “remove” him at any time
25
P. 668What did Rousseau say government belonged to?THE PEOPLE
Whose will did Rousseau say the government should represent?THE MAJORITY
ROUSSEAU
Describe three aspects that make up a “good” government
26
Recommended