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AdolfHitler
Germany
dictatorshipNazis
Benito Mussolini
Italy
Fascism: Extreme nationalism and racismWhat happened to Ethiopia? “God & history will remember your judgment. It is us today and it will be you tomorrow.”
JosephStalinSoviet Union
Communism:Dictatorship’s control
NevilleChamberlin
Great Britain
NeutralityAct 1935-1937Banned the sale of weapons to nations at war.
Hitler’s Journey…
RhinelandAustria
Sudetenland and
CzechoslavakiaPoland
MunichConference…Britain and France agreed to turn the Sudetenland over to Hitler to appease him. (to give in)
What happened in 1939?
Germany and Russia signed theSoviet-German Non-Aggression Pact.Agreement with the Soviet Union and Germany not to interfere with each others’ expansion.
Japan launched an attack on the province of Manchuria in northeastern China. Three years later Japan signed a pact of alliance known as the Axis with Germany & Italy.
Section 2:War Begins
blitzkrieg??lightning war
Maginot Line???
A string of steel and concrete bunkers along the German border from Belgium to Switzerland.
Hitler’s journey continues…
PolandDenmarkNorwayNetherlandsBelgiumParis, France
Port of Dunkirk… Where was it???English ChannelGerman advancementTroops trapped between advancing German troops and coast of France800 British ships, ferries, warships,fishing boats300,000 French/British saved
Axis Powers?
Germany, Italy, Japan
Battle of Britain August 1940Germany begins bombing British shipyards, industries, and cities.
“We shall defend our island, whatever the cost may be. We shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills; we shall never surrender.”
by Winston Churchill
CHURCHILL
Germany turns their sight on the Soviet Union.
RAFBritishRoyal
Air Force
America FirstCommittee
Isolationists – C. Lindbergh & H. Ford
FDR asked Congress for a:New Neutrality Act that allowed the U.S. to sell weapons on a “cash-and-carry” basis
FDR runs for a 3rd term – promises “Your boys are not going to be sent to any
foreign wars”.
Lend-Lease Act 1941
Allowed America to sell, lend, or lease arms or other war supplies to any nation considered “vital to the defense of the U.S.” Germans were sinking ships with supplies from the U.S.
Atlantic CharterAugust 1941
President Roosevelt and Prime Minister Churchill met to set goals for the “final destruction of the Nazi tyranny.” They pledged that the people of every nation would be free to choose their own form of government
Disarmament:Giving up military weapons
The Japanese Threat…After the fall of France in 1940, Japan seized control of:
Indochina, once owned by FrancePlanned to take British MalayaDutch East IndiesAmerican territory of the Philippines (needed rubber and oil from these areas)
How did the U.S. respond to Japan’s economic expansion???
*Stopped sale of oil, gasoline, & other natural resources.*Froze assets in banks
Japan Prime Minister
Tojo
*2,300 killed*hundreds of planes destroyed*battleships destroyed
What happened on Sunday December 7, 1941 at 7:55 am???
Pearl harbor!!!
President Roosevelt asked Congress to declare war on Germany…
Dec. 11 Germany declares war on U.S. We declare war on Germany
Allied Power:U.S.Great BritainFranceChinaSoviet Union
Axis Powers:GermanyJapanItaly
Section 3“War Begins”
WACS – Women Army Corps
*Volunteer emergency service*Nurses*Clerical*Not In Combat!!!
War Production Board
Converted industries to war production!!!
Office of Price Administration
Limited consumer prices
National War Labor Board
Resolved labor disputes that might slow down production.
Revenue Act of 1942: Raised corporate taxes and required nearly all Americans to pay an income tax
Wartime America
Items built:70,000 ships100,000 tanks & planesMillions of guns
Wartime America…. People planted victory
gardens… Children collected scrap
metal Spotters scanned the skies
for enemy aircraft Coastal cities enforced
blackouts at night so that lights would not serve as a beacon to enemy pilots
RosieTheRiveter
Tuskegee Airmen
Shot down over 200 enemy planes and represented the African American people.
BenjaminDavis
1st African American General in the U.S. Air Force
A.PhilipRandolph
Demanded the government ban discrimination against African Americans in defense industries
Ira HayesHero in the battle for Iwo Jima
Code Talkers
Mercedes Cubria of Cuba
1st Hispanic woman in the WAC
Horacio Rivero of Puerto Rico
1st Hispanic four-star admiral
highest rank in the U.S. Navy
NiseiJapanese American citizens born in the United StatesWhat happened to them?
The President relocated more than 100,000 to detention areas. Most of them stayed in Internment camps for 3 years.
Korematsu v. United States
1988: $20,000
Congress issued an apology
Section 4:War in Europe and Africa
Invasion of North Africa and Italy
Erwin Rommel
Desert Fox
Axis Power General
Jan. 1, 1942 – U.S. joined the Allied Powers: Great Britain,France, Soviet Union, China…
Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Czechoslovakia, Ethiopia, Greece,
Mexico, the Netherlands, New Zealand,Norway, Yugoslavia
South Africa
Dwight EisenhowerAmerican General that led the Americans, British and Canadian troops in North Africa Nov. 1942
“We will claim nothing less than total victory.”
Summer 1942 – Massive bombing of GermanyFeb. 1943 – Germans defeated at Leningrad (turning point in war)May 1943 – Germans driven out of N. AfricaSummer 1943 – Mussolini overthrownJune 6, 1944 - Allies landed at Normandy (D-Day)Dec. 1944 – Battle of the Bulge (last German advancement into France)May 8, 1945 – V-E Day (victory in Europe)
D – Day Turning point in Europe…Operation Overlord
150,000 Allied troops invaded along a 60 mile stretch in Normandy, France….
June 6, 1944
Operation Overlord
Mussolini was defeatedRome liberated 1944
General:EisenhowerPatton
Germany bombed… 1943
German factoriesGerman cities
Failed to crack the German determination to win the war.
German invasion of the Soviet Union:Leningrad - 1941 military blockade 900 days Food ran out – ate horses, cats, dogs, thousands died
Eastern Front
Spring of 1942:Germany invaded the city of Stalingrad…..
Surrounded the city and then the Soviets surrounded the Germans cutting off supply lines….February 1943: Germany surrendered
Major turning point
Battle of the Bulge
December 16, 1944 …Germans launched a surprise attack along a 50 mile front in Belgium…
The death of FDRApril 12, 1945 in Warm Spring, Ga
Harry S. Truman, Vice PresidentHe asked Mrs. Roosevelt if there was
anything he could do for her. She replied, “Is there anything we can do for you? You
are the one in trouble now.”
Holocaust….
“The final solution”genocide – wiping out of an entire group of
people6 million killed
Concentration Camps
Prison camps for civilians
AuschwitzLargest camp in
Poland
Section 5: War in the PacificJapanese continue to bomb:
Philippines, islands of Wake and Guam
Philippines:“I shall return” as he continues to
Australia
Douglas MacArthur
BataanDeath March
Involved 76,000 troops in the beginning and ending with 54,000.
Island HoppingCapturing islands to get from one place to another…
Battle of Midway..
First major Japanese defeat!
Battle of Leyte Gulf…
The biggest naval battle in history…282 ships took part
Kamikazes:Japanese suicide pilots
The islands of:Iwo Jima & Okinawa were seized by the U.S. from the Japanese. Americans continued the attacks…
Albert Einstein: warned President Roosevelt of Germany’s plan to use “extremely powerful bombs.”
Manhattan Project:A top secret operation testing the atomic bombs in the New Mexico desert.
Potsdam Declaration:Warned Japan to surrender or face “prompt & utter destruction”
ATOMICBOMBC:\Documents and Settings\martha.sikes\My Documents\chapter 26\Achieving_Victory_in_the_Pacific.asf
August 6, 1945: bombed HiroshimaAugust 9, 1945: bombed NagasakiAugust 15, 1945: V-J Day: Victory in Japan
World War II:The most destructive conflict in history…More than 20 million deaths and more than half of these were civilians killed by bombing, starvation, disease, torture and murder.
Nuremburg
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