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A Race for Empires
The Dutch, Spanish, French and English all looked to establish colonies on American soil
The Spanish EmpireThe Spanish ruled their empire with royal officials. At the top was the Council of the
Indies
Two Viceroys ruled the Spanish Empire in both North and South America
This system was very corrupt because of the distance from Spain it was hard to keep the Viceroys accountable
Spanish Settlements
Pueblos- Spanish towns usually had a central plaza, homes, church and a trading post
Missions-established by priest to convert local Indians to Catholicism
Presidos- Spanish military base built in remote areas to protect settlements
Church and State
The Catholic Church played an important role in the settlements of the Americas
The Royal Orders commanded priest to offer religious instruction and to teach American Indians
The Encomienda System
The Crown set up this system that allowed settlers to tax local Indians or demand labor from them. In exchange settlers were supposed to convert the Indians and protect them
Really this turned in Slavery for the American Indians
QuickTime™ and aSorenson Video decompressorare needed to see this picture.
Spanish America
Religious and Political Changes in Europe
The Protestant Reformation Martin Luther began a religious movement to reform the Catholic Church
This group became known as the Protestants
Protestants objected to the power of the Catholic Church and the Pope
Conflict between Spain and England
King Phillip II of Spain wanted to drive the Protestants out of
England
To fight Spain w/o officially declaring war Queen Elizabeth relied on “Sea Dogs” to raid Spanish treasure ship
The Spanish Armada
Spain in the 1500’s had the greatest navy the world had ever known
But in 1588 the smaller, faster British defeated the Greatest navy in the world
This defeat allowed the English to establish colonies in the Americas
French settlements
Much of French exploration took place in present-day Canada
The Great Lakes provided a valuable asset to France’s fur trade
In 1650 French missionaries heard of a beautiful river, the Mississippi, and established the Louisiana Territory-called new France
The Dutch
Hearing of this wealth of trade the Dutch was interested
Henry Hudson established New Netherlands-CT, DE, NJ, and NY also islands in the Caribbean
Like the French they too had trouble recruiting settlers
English Settlements
In 1578 Sir Humphrey Gilbert obtained a charter to establish a colony
Sir Walter Raleigh funded the expedition that landed in Virginia
Life was difficult they fought with Indians and had trouble growing food
The Mystery of the lost colony of Roanoke
John White resettled the colony in the Spring of 1587 and then left to England for supplies
When he returned in 1590 the colony was deserted and the only evidence of life was the word CROTOAN carved into a tree, England’s first attempt to colonize America had failed
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