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A. Lisowiec1, A. Nowakowski1, Z. Kołodziejczyk1, B. Miedziński2
1Centre For Tele-Information Systems and Hardware Applications, Tele and Radio Research Institute2Institute of Electric Power Engineering, Wrocław University of Technology
Autonomous Tele-Information Network for Power Systems
Switchgear Equipment e-Diagnostics
EUROPEAN UNIONEUROPEAN REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT FUND
Project Number:WND-POIG.01.03.01-14-141/08
The research work presented in this paper is part of a development project cofounded by European Union within the European Union Structural Funds, POIG (Operational Programme Innovative Economy), project
number: WND-POIG.01.03.01-14-141/08.
Reasons for developing a comprehensive Reasons for developing a comprehensive system for Circuit Breaker diagnosissystem for Circuit Breaker diagnosis
• Circuit breakers have to be reliable since Circuit breakers have to be reliable since the safety of power network operation the safety of power network operation depends directly on them,depends directly on them,
• Circuit breakers are the elements of Circuit breakers are the elements of power network that are more susceptible power network that are more susceptible to damage than other equipment,to damage than other equipment,
• Circuit breakers are expensive to replaceCircuit breakers are expensive to replace
EUROPEAN UNIONEUROPEAN REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT FUND
Project Number:WND-POIG.01.03.01-14-141/08
Basic requirements on the diagnostic systemBasic requirements on the diagnostic system
• The diagnosis of the CB has to be done The diagnosis of the CB has to be done on-line basing on the signals available on-line basing on the signals available during normal operation,during normal operation,
• Data acquisition has to be carried out by Data acquisition has to be carried out by devices that can also perform other devices that can also perform other functionfunctionss like protection relay, like protection relay,
• The transmission of all data within the The transmission of all data within the system has to be carried out according to system has to be carried out according to IEC 61850 standard,IEC 61850 standard,
• The decision/diagnosis of the CB has to The decision/diagnosis of the CB has to be be carried out autonomously by the network carried out autonomously by the network without any interference from human without any interference from human operatoroperator
EUROPEAN UNIONEUROPEAN REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT FUND
Project Number:WND-POIG.01.03.01-14-141/08
TCT/IP
SUBSTATION ETHERNET BUS
SUBSTATION 2
CB
CTD
CB
CTD
SUBSTATION N
SUBSTATION 1
CORPORATECONTROLCENTRE
CDB
REMOTEOPERATOR
TCT/IP
TCT/IP
TCT/IP
TCT/IP
System architectureSystem architecture
EUROPEAN UNIONEUROPEAN REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT FUND
Project Number:WND-POIG.01.03.01-14-141/08
CONC
Control device, CTD, architechtureControl device, CTD, architechture
CB SIGNAL CONDITIONING
D/A
CONVERTERMICROPROCESOR
TRANSMISSION
CIRCUIT
PROTECTION FUNCTIONS
ETHERNET CONTROLLER
CONTROLLING DEVICE
EUROPEAN UNIONEUROPEAN REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT FUND
Project Number:WND-POIG.01.03.01-14-141/08
Conventional method of CB monitoringConventional method of CB monitoring
Signals acquired from Circuit Breaker Signals acquired from Circuit Breaker can be grouped according to different can be grouped according to different
criteria:criteria:
EUROPEAN UNIONEUROPEAN REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT FUND
Project Number:WND-POIG.01.03.01-14-141/08
1.1. analog signals,analog signals,2.2. digital signalsdigital signals
1.1. high speed signals,high speed signals,2.2. slowly varying signalsslowly varying signals
1.1. signals at high voltage,signals at high voltage,2.2. signals at low voltagesignals at low voltage
Main signals acquired from CBMain signals acquired from CB
• auxiliary contact signals:auxiliary contact signals:• truck position contacts,truck position contacts,• main spring tension state main spring tension state
contactcontact• sensor signals,sensor signals,
• eg. sulfur hexafluoride pressere eg. sulfur hexafluoride pressere sensor signal,sensor signal,
• vibration signals,vibration signals,• temperature measurement temperature measurement
sensors,sensors,• dc voltagesdc voltages
EUROPEAN UNIONEUROPEAN REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT FUND
Project Number:WND-POIG.01.03.01-14-141/08
Main signals acquired from CBMain signals acquired from CB
• phase currents,phase currents,• currents and voltages of tripping currents and voltages of tripping
and closing coils,and closing coils,• movement monitoring sensors movement monitoring sensors
signals,signals,• acceleration sensors signals,acceleration sensors signals,• digital signals,digital signals,• open initiate,open initiate,• close initiate,close initiate,
EUROPEAN UNIONEUROPEAN REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT FUND
Project Number:WND-POIG.01.03.01-14-141/08
Concentrator software architectureConcentrator software architecture
DIGITAL FILTERING MODULE
SIGNAL PARAMETRIZATION
MODULE
EXSPERT SYSTEM MODULE
ALARMS NOTIFICATION AND REPORT
GENERATION MODULE
EUROPEAN UNIONEUROPEAN REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT FUND
Project Number:WND-POIG.01.03.01-14-141/08
Signal parametrization methodsSignal parametrization methods
• Digital filtering,Digital filtering,• ResamplingResampling in digital domain – for protection in digital domain – for protection
functions realization,functions realization,• Decimation – for recorder purposes,Decimation – for recorder purposes,• Spectrum analysis, FFT,Spectrum analysis, FFT,• Wavelet analysisWavelet analysis
EUROPEAN UNIONEUROPEAN REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT FUND
Project Number:WND-POIG.01.03.01-14-141/08
Analysis of current and voltage signalsAnalysis of current and voltage signals
• Contacts bounce time,Contacts bounce time,• Contact opening time and its Contact opening time and its
dependence on load current,dependence on load current,• Contact closing time and its Contact closing time and its
dependence on load current,dependence on load current,• Simultaneity of contacts closing Simultaneity of contacts closing
in three phases and its in three phases and its dependence on load current,dependence on load current,
EUROPEAN UNIONEUROPEAN REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT FUND
Project Number:WND-POIG.01.03.01-14-141/08
Analysis of current and voltage signals, Analysis of current and voltage signals, cnt.cnt.
• Contact closing time averaged Contact closing time averaged over last 10 operations,over last 10 operations,
• Contact closing time averaged Contact closing time averaged over last 10 operations,over last 10 operations,
EUROPEAN UNIONEUROPEAN REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT FUND
Project Number:WND-POIG.01.03.01-14-141/08
Expert system operationExpert system operation
EVENT CLASSIFICATIONe.g. CB tripping;
Based on the event, appropriate set of rules customized for each CB operation is used
SIGNAL CHARACTERIZATION AND VERIFICATIONEach signal describing the event is analyzed based on the rules of the expert system knowledge base. The purpose of this is to verify that the values of extracted signal
features conform to the expected values within given tolerances
VERIFICATION OF CAUSE – EFFECT RELATIONSHIP AMONG SIGNALSthe relationships involving multiple parameters and possibly multiple signals are analyzed
to determine the causes of observed signal features
EUROPEAN UNIONEUROPEAN REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT FUND
Project Number:WND-POIG.01.03.01-14-141/08
Expert system operation, cnt.Expert system operation, cnt.
CB OPERATION VERIFICATIONThe actual breaker operation is compared with the patterns stored in the rules of the expert system and the settings, each of them customized for particular type of circuit
breaker and operation and specified by user
ANALYSIS REPORT GENERATIONAt the end of the analysis, expert system creates the report in the form of a text file. The report clearly describes the operation and performances of the circuit breaker, as well as
maintenance and repair recommendations if problems are detected.
EUROPEAN UNIONEUROPEAN REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT FUND
Project Number:WND-POIG.01.03.01-14-141/08
Operating coil current diagramOperating coil current diagram
EUROPEAN UNIONEUROPEAN REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT FUND
Project Number:WND-POIG.01.03.01-14-141/08
New non invasive methods of Circuit New non invasive methods of Circuit Breaker monitoringBreaker monitoring
• Temperature distribution monitoringTemperature distribution monitoring
• Spectroscopic methodsSpectroscopic methods
EUROPEAN UNIONEUROPEAN REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT FUND
Project Number:WND-POIG.01.03.01-14-141/08
Temperature distribution monitoringTemperature distribution monitoring
DETECTOR
FIBRE
CB
EUROPEAN UNIONEUROPEAN REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT FUND
Project Number:WND-POIG.01.03.01-14-141/08
Temperature distribution monitoringTemperature distribution monitoring
Taking the temperature distribution within the contact body
Comparing the taken temperature distribution with the reference
temperature distribution
EUROPEAN UNIONEUROPEAN REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT FUND
Project Number:WND-POIG.01.03.01-14-141/08
Temperature distribution within the Temperature distribution within the contact bodycontact body
EUROPEAN UNIONEUROPEAN REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT FUND
Project Number:WND-POIG.01.03.01-14-141/08
Spectroscopic method setupSpectroscopic method setup
DETECTOR
CB
FIBRE
EUROPEAN UNIONEUROPEAN REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT FUND
Project Number:WND-POIG.01.03.01-14-141/08
Spectroscopic methodsSpectroscopic methods
Special construction of the contact body
Knowledge of the characteristic spectral lines of the materials used for contact construction
Selective diode detectors
EUROPEAN UNIONEUROPEAN REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT FUND
Project Number:WND-POIG.01.03.01-14-141/08
Special construction of the moving part of Special construction of the moving part of the contactthe contact
contact base
contact coating
soldered layer
EUROPEAN UNIONEUROPEAN REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT FUND
Project Number:WND-POIG.01.03.01-14-141/08
Emission spectrum of contact compound made of MolybdenumEmission spectrum of contact compound made of Molybdenum
EUROPEAN UNIONEUROPEAN REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT FUND
Project Number:WND-POIG.01.03.01-14-141/08
arc – arching discharge, glow – glowing discharge, dat – data from physico-chemical tables
Emission spectrum of contact compound made of TantalumEmission spectrum of contact compound made of Tantalum
EUROPEAN UNIONEUROPEAN REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT FUND
Project Number:WND-POIG.01.03.01-14-141/08
arc – arching discharge, glow – glowing discharge, dat – data from physico-chemical tables
Emission spectrum of contact compound made of NickelEmission spectrum of contact compound made of Nickel
EUROPEAN UNIONEUROPEAN REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT FUND
Project Number:WND-POIG.01.03.01-14-141/08
arc – arching discharge, glow – glowing discharge, dat – data from physico-chemical tables
ConclusionConclusion
The research work presented in this paper is part of a development project cofounded by European Union within the European Union Structural Funds, POIG (Operational Programme Innovative Economy), project number: WND-POIG.01.03.01-14-141/08.
• TheThe developeddeveloped network is a very comrehensive network is a very comrehensive system for CB testing and diagnosis on-line; it system for CB testing and diagnosis on-line; it employs traditional as well as new methods of CB employs traditional as well as new methods of CB monitoringmonitoring
• The cost to the final user has been minimalized The cost to the final user has been minimalized because of the integration of protective, control because of the integration of protective, control and monitoring function in one deviceand monitoring function in one device
• The system uses modern approach through the The system uses modern approach through the adoption of IEC 61850 standardadoption of IEC 61850 standard
EUROPEAN UNIONEUROPEAN REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT FUND
Project Number:WND-POIG.01.03.01-14-141/08
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