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A Global Conflict
Chapter 29 Section 2-3
Who was Involved?
• Central Powers: Germany and Austria-Hungary
• Allies: France, Serbia, Great Britain, and US (later).
War in the West
• Stalemate along the Western Front – border between France and Germany – Stuck in trench warfare
• Schlieffen Plan – Germany’s plan to attack and defeat Russia first, then attack France. – Goal was to avoid fighting a war on two fronts.
Africa and Asia
• Allied forces attack German colonies in Africa and Asia.
• British and French recruit troops and workers from their colonies in Africa and Asia. – Volunteers hoped to service would lead to
independence of their country.
1917 - Germany and the US
• Unrestricted warfare – German submarines would sink any ship without warning in British waters.
• Goal: to stop war related supplies from reach Britain.
• Results in the sinking of several American ships– Sinking of the Lusitania – 128 Americans killed.
Zimmerman Note
• Germany offers to help Mexico “reconquer” land it lost to the US if Mexico becomes allies with Germany. – Intercepted by the US – Pushed the US to declare war on Germany
• US had more economic ties with Great Britain– Also share common ancestor, institutions, and
language
Government’s Role in the War
• Became a total war – countries devoted all their resources to the war effort.
• Government take control of the economy– make sure war-related goods were made.
• Use ration system – people allowed to buy small amounts of goods in short supply.
• Promotion of Propaganda – one-sided information designed to persuade and maintain support for the war.
Role of Women
• Replaced men in factories, offices, and shops. – Built tanks and munitions, plowed fields, and
served as nurses. – Helped to keep soldiers supplies with food,
clothing, and weapons • Showed women were capable of filling men’s
jobs.
Russia Withdraws from the War
• 1917- Civil unrest in Russia forces czar to step down from throne – Communists soon take control of Russia’s
government
• Russia signs treaty with Germany in March 1918, pulls out of war– Germany able to move most forces to
Western Front
End of WWI
• Second Battle of the Marne – defeat Germany – American troops help stop the German
advance and lead counterattack
• Rebellion in Austria-Hungary and Germany– armistice— end of fighting—signed in
November 1918
Legacy of the War
• 8.5 million soldiers dead, 21 million wounded– devastates European economies, drains
national treasuries
• Destruction of land and cities. • Survivors suffer disillusionment and
despair
Wilson’s plan for Peace
• Wilson proposes Fourteen Points—outline for lasting world peace
• Calls for free trade, end to secret alliances, military buildups
• Promotes self-determination—right of people to govern own nation
• Envisions international peace-keeping body to settle world disputes
Treaty of Versailles
• Creates League of Nations—international organization to keep peace
• Germans blamed for war – forces Germany to pay damages to nations– Germany loses all of its colonies.
• New nations created from land lost by Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire.
Results of the Treaty of Versailles
• Germans angry after taking blame for war• Many Americans oppose League of Nations
– Want peace by staying out of European affairs. • Some former colonies express anger over not
winning independence– Fought in the war to prove they should be
independent
Review
• What caused the US to get involved in WWI?
• What were three effects of the war?
• What were three effects of the Treaty of Versailles?
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