View
218
Download
0
Category
Preview:
Citation preview
7/31/2019 94650242 Coal to Electricity
1/32
16 October 2012 1
Generation of
Electricity from Coal
7/31/2019 94650242 Coal to Electricity
2/32
16 October 2012 2
In this Presentation
Basic of Power Generation
Basic information on Coal/Fuel Oil
Combustion Process Boilers
Power Plant Cycle
Turbines
Turbogenerator
Transmission of Power
7/31/2019 94650242 Coal to Electricity
3/32
16 October 2012 3
How generated electricity
reaches customer
7/31/2019 94650242 Coal to Electricity
4/32
16 October 2012 4
Coal to Electricity .. Basics
Coal
ChemicalEnergy
Super HeatedSteam
Pollutants
ThermalEnergy
TurbineTorque
Heat Loss In
Condenser
KineticEnergy
ElectricalEnergy
Alternating currentin Stator
Mech. Energy
LossASHHeat
Loss
Elect. Energy
Loss
7/31/2019 94650242 Coal to Electricity
5/32
16 October 2012 5
Simplified Diagram
7/31/2019 94650242 Coal to Electricity
6/32
16 October 2012 6
Why Coal?
Share of Coal in Power
Generation
Advantages of CoalFuel
Abundant availability
Low cost
Technology for PowerGeneration welldeveloped.
Easy to handle, transport,store and use
Shortcomings of Coal
Low Calorific Value
Large quantity to behandled
Produces pollutants, ash
Disposal of ash isproblematic
Reserves depleting fast
Indias Coal Reserves are estimated to be 206 billion tonnes. Present consumption isabout 450 million tonnes.
Cost of coal for producing 1 unit of electricity (Cost of coal Rs 1000/MT)is Rs 0.75.
Cost of Gas for producing 1 unit of electricity (Cost of Gas Rs 6/SMC)is Rs 1.20.
Coal
55%
Gas
10%
Diesel1%
Hydel
26%
RES
5%
Nuclear
3%
7/31/2019 94650242 Coal to Electricity
7/32
16 October 2012 7
Knowing more about Coal
CoalTransportation
Rail
Truck
Conveyor
Ship
Coal production
Surface Mining
Underground Mining
7/31/2019 94650242 Coal to Electricity
8/32
16 October 2012 8
Coal for combustion
Anthracite
Semi-anthracite
Bituminous
Semi-Bituminous
Lignite
Peat
High CV, low VM
High CV, low VM
Medium CV, medium VM
Medium CV, medium VM Low CV, high VM
Very low CV, high VM
7/31/2019 94650242 Coal to Electricity
9/32
16 October 2012 9
Combustion of coal
Carbon, hydrogen, sulphur are sources ofheat on combustion
Surface moisture removed on heatingduring pulverization.
Inherent moisture and volatiles arereleased at higher temperature, making
coal porous and leading to char/ cokeformation.
7/31/2019 94650242 Coal to Electricity
10/32
7/31/2019 94650242 Coal to Electricity
11/32
16 October 2012 11
Flame Inside Furnace
7/31/2019 94650242 Coal to Electricity
12/32
16 October 2012 12
Fuel Oil
Three liquid fuels used in power plants 1. Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO) 2. LSHS (Low Sulfur Heavy stock) 3. High speed Diesel (HSD)
Oil firing is preceded by Lowering viscosity and increasing flowability
on heating for better combustion(125oC) Droplet formation on atomization (by steam/
compressed air/ mechanical pressurization) Combustion initiation by High energy spark
ignition
7/31/2019 94650242 Coal to Electricity
13/32
7/31/2019 94650242 Coal to Electricity
14/32
7/31/2019 94650242 Coal to Electricity
15/32
16 October 2012 15
Types of Boilers
Fire-Tube Boilers
7/31/2019 94650242 Coal to Electricity
16/32
16 October 2012 16
Types of Boilers
Electric Boilers
7/31/2019 94650242 Coal to Electricity
17/32
16 October 2012 17
Types of Boilers
Water Tube Boiler
7/31/2019 94650242 Coal to Electricity
18/32
16 October 2012 18
7/31/2019 94650242 Coal to Electricity
19/32
7/31/2019 94650242 Coal to Electricity
20/32
16 October 2012 20
Tangential Firing System
7/31/2019 94650242 Coal to Electricity
21/32
7/31/2019 94650242 Coal to Electricity
22/32
16 October 2012 22
Steam Flows from Boiler to turbine
Bypass Turbine
7/31/2019 94650242 Coal to Electricity
23/32
16 October 2012 23
Impulse and
Reaction Turbine
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b5/Turbines_impulse_v_reaction.png7/31/2019 94650242 Coal to Electricity
24/32
16 October 2012 24
Turbine are multistage
The steam turbine is a
form of heat engine that
derives much of its
improvement inthermodynamic efficiency
from the use of multiple
stages in the expansion
of the steam
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Dampfturbine_Laeufer01.jpg7/31/2019 94650242 Coal to Electricity
25/32
16 October 2012 25
7/31/2019 94650242 Coal to Electricity
26/32
7/31/2019 94650242 Coal to Electricity
27/32
16 October 2012 27
7/31/2019 94650242 Coal to Electricity
28/32
16 October 2012 28
Generator Transformer
7/31/2019 94650242 Coal to Electricity
29/32
16 October 2012 29
Electrical Systems in Power Plant
7/31/2019 94650242 Coal to Electricity
30/32
16 October 2012 30
7/31/2019 94650242 Coal to Electricity
31/32
16 October 2012 31
Transmission Of Electricity
Transmission Voltages:
750KV,400KV,220KV
132KV,33KV,11KV440V
Power= Voltage X Current
Loss = Current^2 X Resistance
7/31/2019 94650242 Coal to Electricity
32/32
16 October 2012 32
THANK YOU
Recommended