9.1 Transcription. Central Dogma DNARNAPROTEIN TranscriptionTranslation

9.1 Transcription

Central Dogma

DNA RNA PROTEIN

Transcription

Translation

Genes DNA consists of genes

Each gene has a specific sequence (order) of nucleotides

The order of nucleotides determines what protein is made

Proteins Monomer: amino acids The order of nucleotides in DNA

determines the order that amino acids are bonded together to make a protein

Order of amino acids determines function of protein

Different order of a.a. different protein

RNA Structure Monomer: Nucleotides

Bases: Adenine, guanine,

cytosine, uracil Sugar:

Ribose Sugar-phosphate

backbone Single-stranded

RNA Types rRNA

Ribosomal RNA Used to make ribosomes

mRNA Messenger RNA Made during transcription in nucleus

tRNA Transfer RNA Brings new amino acids to growing protein

during translation In cytoplasm

Transcription Location: nucleus Goal:

Make a temporary mRNA strand complementary to one gene

Remember: complementary bases

DNA RNA

A

T

C

G

Transcription1. RNA Polymerase (enzyme) unzips a

part of DNA Separates DNA strands of one gene

ONLY

2. RNA polymerase Adds complementary RNA nucleotides

to one template DNA strand (strand used to make mRNA)

Transcription3. RNA nucleotides bond together

Create a RNA sugar-phosphate backbone

mRNA strand is finished!

4. mRNA leaves nucleus, DNA rezips & stays in the nucleus

Transcription

You try it Given the following DNA code, make the

complementary mRNA strand

DNA Template: T A C T T A C G A A C G G T AmRNA strand: AUGAAUGCUUGCCAU