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88 The Reformation in Spain: Enzinas’ New Testament
SPAIN DESPERATELY NEEDED THE GOSPEL.
1542, Francisco de Enzinas
Spanish New Testament
Philip Melanchthon
Enzinas King Charles V
Dominican Pedro de Soto .
Inquisition! De Soto
The Inquisition King Ferdinand
Queen Isabella 1480
1492 1501
leave
Martin Luther and assistant Philip Melanchthon
FRANCISCO DE ENZINAS WAS A MARKED MAN!
SP
AIN
IT’S MINE!
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89The Reformation in Spain: Enzinas’ New Testament
THE INQUISITION CAPTURED ENZINAS!
Example of a public Inquisition in Mexico in the 1540s.
February 1545
1548
Enzinas’ New Testament, 1543 copy.
BUT THIS WAS NOT HIS LIFE’S AMBITION...
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90 The Reformation in Spain: a Spanish Old Testament
Enzinas wanted to translate the whole Spanish Bible.
1550
December 30, 1552, Someone else
AND GOD SUPPLIED: AT THAT MOMENT, TWO JEWISH MEN WERE COMPLETING A SPANISH OLD TESTAMENT!
1553 Duarte Pinhel Gerónimo
de Vargas
“The Bible in the Spanish Language, Translated Word for Word from the True Hebrew by the Very Excellent Literati, Viewed and Examined by the Of ce of the Inquisition. With the Privilege of the Most Illustrious Lord Duke of Ferrara.”
never 1554 his own wife
NOW SPANISH-SPEAKERS HAD THE OLD TESTAMENT!
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91The “Holy Of ce” of the Inquisition
BUT A NEW PROBLEM WAS ON THE HORIZON.
Charles V 1555
Spain Philip II
Philip
very
Inquisition two purposes:
Bible-believing Christians non-Catholic
“Holy Of ice”
Grand Inquisitor
High CouncilDominicans
19 local courts
1551 Index of Prohibited Books
Index Inquisition
single decade
BUT NOTHING CAN KEEP GOD OUT!
Seal for the Spanish Inquisition
Philip II of Spain
1556Gospel
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92 The Reformation in Spain: God’s Little Smuggler
GOD SET HIS EYE ON SEVILLE!
...BUT HOW WOULD HE GET IT INTO SPAIN?
GUESS WHAT HE HAD IN THOSE CASKS?
AND GOD WASN’T FINISHED YET…
Philip II Dr. Juan Pérez de Pineda 2nd Spanish New Testament Erasmus’
Enzinas’
Jesuits
big plan big faith tiny Julian! Julian Hernandez 1557
right under the noses of the Jesuits!
1On this time period, see The Spanish Protestants, and their Persecution by Philip II, a Historical Work, by Señor Don Adolfo de Castro, translated from the Spanish by Thomas Parker (London: Charles Gilpin, 1851), especially pp. 82-86.
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93The Reformation in Spain: God’s Little Smuggler
GOD GAVE JULIAN THE OPEN DOORS TO A MONASTERY!
San Isidro del Campo
Superior Dr. Blanco Garcia Arias
Garcia Arias Julian
Casiodoro de Reina Cipriano de Valera
Jesuits Dominican 1557 Reina
Valera,
Julian.
JULIAN WAS BETRAYED BY A “FRIEND!”
three long years tortured But he never budged an inch!
December 22nd, 1560
“JULIANILLO” WAS BURNT ALIVE BY THE INQUISITION IN AN “AUTO DE FE.”
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94 The Spanish Empire Strikes Back: the Auto de Fe
Auto de Fe last stage Catholic Inquisition
paraded
Valera
at least one monk
These were martyrs for the faith of Christ.
BUT STILL THE GOSPEL SPREAD THROUGH SPAIN1See The Spanish Protestants, and their Persecution by Philip II (1851), pp. 86-91.
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95The Reformation in Spain: Reina and Valera
GOD HAD “LIT A FIRE” IN THE HEART OF REINA.1557, Casiodoro de Reina
1559 Second Index of
Prohibited Books
preserved New Testaments onlythe whole Bible
constant London
Reina Valera 1562. 1563 Juan Pérez de Pineda
1567 1568 every copy of Juan Pérez’s New Testament
burned! Enzinas’
…AND GOD WAS WITH REINA.
Casiodoro de Reina
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96 The Reformation in Spain: Reina and Valera
IN 1569 THE FIRST COMPLETE SPANISH BIBLE WAS PRINTED
The Bear Bible
literary triumph
most dangerous edition was
Cipriano de Valera
1582 20 years
1596
Reina’s 1569 “Bear Bible”
Cipriano de Valera
BUT SIX YEARS LATER HIS BIBLE WAS READY…1See Spanish Reformers of Two Centuries: from 1520 by Edward Boehmer (Strassburg: Karl J Trübner, 1904), Vol. 3, p. 154.
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Pages 97 to 133 not included in this sample.
134
… HE WAS NEVER HEARD FROM AGAIN.
best translation preserved texts Spanish language
October of 1602 Calvin’s James
Arminius
November 3
CIPRIANO DE VALERA WROTE THESE WORDS IN THE INTRODUCTION TO HIS BIBLE:
1 See Spanish Reformers of Two Centuries: from 1520 by Edward Boehmer(Strassburg: Karl J Trübner, 1904), Vol. 3, pp. 152, 154 & 156.
Valera’s VisionChapter Nine:
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135
BUT WHICH “SCRIPTURE” DID NIDA PROVIDE?
Ful lling Valera’s Vision
two ways
two modern Spanish revisions
1909,
even more 122 times
new player Eugene Nida.
Eugene A. Nida (1914-2011)
translations
method “Dynamic Equivalence.”
1 See the chart by Dr. Rex Cobb in God’s Bible in Spanish, pp. 97-98. 2 The British and Foreign Bible Society and the American Bible Society.
SO IT WOULD BE UP TO OTHERSTO FINISH THE TASK FOR VALERA’S BIBLE.
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136
THE PASTORS DIDN’T WANT TO CHANGE THE BIBLE.
Nida’s Own Vision
1936 1936 Summer Institute of Linguistics1939 1942 Wycliffe Bible Translators 1943 1943 American Bible Society 1944-46 1946-80s 1946
1949 The Bible Translator
1950, radical revision
big snag...
EUGENE NIDA HAD AN IMPRESSIVE RESUMÉ:
1 Also known as SIL or SIL International (www.sil.org). 2 Now kept as an archive with the United Bible Societies (UBS)
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137
NOT “SENTIMENT,” NIDA—IT WAS CONVICTION!
NIDA CALLED BELIEVERS “LESSER EDUCATED”
Pastors’ Objections to Nida’s Vision
Bible-believing ignorant
better educated people more radical changes
lesser educated basically suspicious
the pastors were afraid change
tampering with the Word of God
wonderful
praise Bible disbelievers
seminaries many Bible schools
radical revision entirely up to date
intelligent evaluation of the textual and exegetical problems
sentiment of the churches
1 See Eugene Nida, “The Reina-Valera Spanish Revision of 1960” (The Bible Translator, Vol. 12, No. 3, 1961), pp. 107-119. Emphasis mine. 2 “The Reina-Valera Spanish Revision of 1960,” p. 108. Emphasis mine. 3 Page. 108. Emphasis mine.
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138
The believers wanted Valera’s vision —an accurate Bible.
What Godly Pastors Wanted
eagerly interviewed
disappointed
what was clearly indicated bring the language up to date
meaning of the Bible unmodi ied
Nothing added and nothing taken away.
add God shall add unto him the
plagues take away
God shall take away his part out of the book of life
from
Add thou not unto his wordsthou be found a liar
liars feared God
1 “The Reina-Valera Spanish Revision of 1960,” p. 109. Emphasis mine.
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139
HOW COULD NIDA GET WHAT HE WANTED?
Nida’s Sneaky Plan
switched Bibles
not Nida thought he knew better
what they neededwould not accept a full-
scale revision or what the people obviously desired a light revision
...getting people to accept alteration of the Bible education It is not possible to force upon any constituency merely what they need. They must be led to realize that they want it.
1 “The Reina-Valera Spanish Revision of 1960,” pp. 109-110. Emphasis mine.
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140
SO NIDA CAME UP WITH A 2-PART SCHEME…
BY A PROCESS OF “RE-EDUCATION!”
“Get them”? “Make them”? Sounds like force to me!
Nida’s Sneaky Plan
lead his way
a month get them to make sense intellectually
another two weeks make them to do it emotionally
than six weeks psychological hurdle
literal translations
thousands of years not add to take away His literal words no longer literal
Ye shall not add unto neither shall ye diminish ought that
ye may keep the commandments
promised His wordsmy words
shall not pass away
1 “Meaning-full Translations,” Christianity Today, Vol. 46, No. 11, Oct. 7, 2002.
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