7th Unit 1 - Prehistory

8/8/2019 7th Unit 1 - Prehistory

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Earth¶s Geographical Features and Resources A. Landforms (definition) ±

B. Waterways (definition) ±

C. Climate (definition) ±

Climate is affected by:

D. Natural Resources

Geography and early humans

The earliest people were completely dependent

upon animal life and other natural resources.

They frequently had to move around when theseresources ran out.

Climate and availability of water were most

important.

This lifestyle made it impossible to have permanent

homes.

Vocab Paleolithic

± Means literally ³Old Stone Age´

± Characterized by tribes of hunters and

gatherers

± 200,000 ± 8,000 B.C.

Some common

misperceptions aboutPaleolithic people«

Australopithecus

(Lucy)

Homo Habilis

(Handy Man)

Homo Erectus

(Upright Man)

Neanderthal

Homo Sapiens

Sapiens

age location size appearance toolsimportant

advances

Australopithecus

(Lucy)

Handy Man

Upright Man

Neanderthal

Homo Sapiens

Sapiens

age location size appearance tools important

advances

3-4million

yearsago

Africa 3 feet

Long arms,large head, bigforehead &

jaw, normalhands & feet

noneWalkingupright

1.5-2millionyearsago

Africa4 feet

Morehumanlike,larger brain

Sharpenedrocks,animalbones

Using tools,

living ingroups,animaltraps

1.8million-200,000years ago

Africa, Asia,

Europe

5 ½ feet

Taller &thinner, round

smoothforhead, ridgeabove eyes, jaw sticks out

Handaxes Fire,

shelters

230,000-

30,000yearsago

Africa,Near East,

Europe, Asia

5 ½ feetShort & stocky,large brains,powerfulmuscles

Knives,

scrapers,spear points,sharp thin

blades

Lived & hunted

in organizedcommunities,buried their dead

35,000-12,000 B.C.

Africa, Europe, Asia, Australia,North & South America

Almost6 feet

High roundskull, largebrain, smallteeth, slender

Bone handleknives,needles,hooks, spear

thrower, bow& arrow

Artisticexpression,paintings, carvedimages, musical

instruments,language

Vocabbands ±

Paleolithic groups of about 30 members wholived and hunted together.

home territory ±The area where a band lived and hunted.

Usually about 10 square miles.

flake tools ±

Tools made by chipping thin flakes off larger stones.

Neolithic- means literally New Stone Age

- Humans produce food throughfarming and domestication of animals.

- permanent settlements areestablished.

Neolithic Revolution- The switch from a hunting and

gathering to an agricultural society.

- Made it possible for humans toproduce food and stay in one place.

Specialization- The development of occupations due

to food surplus.

The Neolithic

Mother

Goddess

THE NEOLITHIC AGE

Began 10,000-15,000 years ago

First villages and cities are created

People begin to specialize

Wealth and social classes are created

Social institutions are created

HomeworkRead chapter 3 and answer the following questions in your notebook

1. What did Neolithic people use domesticated animalsfor?

2. What were the first permanent houses made of?

3. What was important about having permanenthomes?

4. What were the advantages of living in a community?

5. Why did trade develop?

6. What discovery brought an end to the Neolithic age?

Hunting andgathering Farming anddomesticated animals

Tools, clothing,

language, fire,

shelters

Agriculture, trade, specialization,

pottery, making cloth, using metal,

permanent homes

Home territory

10 sq. miles Small villages

nuts, berries, eggs,

roots, fish, animals

grain and vegetables,

domesticated animal

products

men hunted, women

and children gathered

men farmed, women took

care of larger family and

permanent home

about 20-30 members 150-200 people

temporary shelters

made of sticks and

leaves

permanent houses

made of mud bricks,

wood or stone

Civilization ±

Society with a developed knowledge of farming,trade, government, art and science.

Social Institutions

What they are:

Government

Religion

Schools

Military

What they do:

Keep order

Protect property

Strengthen social

class divisions

Make decisions

Important Neolithic Inventions:

Pottery The Wheel

The Plow Irrigation

Allowed for a steady supply of food and asurplus, leading to larger families.

Larger families caused a rapid increase in theworld¶s population.

Large cities led to the need for more complexgovernment, laws and occupations. Firstlarge-scale buildings

Helped spread civilization and accelerated itsgrowth. Trading by land and by sea helpedspread new inventions such as writing and thewheel. New ideas are also spread.

For the first time people are divided between richand poor. Leads to the creation of royal andnoble classes, as well as slavery.

Canals to

supply water Having extra

Skilled craftsman

Groups made up of people with similar backgrounds,

wealth, and ways of living.

The Historic Age

begins with:A. Writing

1. to keep accurate records

2. to preserve learning

B. Working with metal

1. better tools

2. better weapons

First farming civilizations:

A. Mesopotamia ± Located in modern dayIraq between the Tigris and EuphratesRivers. ³Land Between the Rivers´3500 B.C.

B. Egypt ± Located along theNile River in Northern Africa.3100 B.C.

The Fertile Crescent

The region of the Middle East that extendsfrom the Nile River Valley to the Tigrisand Euphrates Rivers.

Also known as the birthplace of civilization.

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