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THERES A SECRET TO PERFECT
COATINGS AND INKS:
HDK PYROGENIC SILICA
CREATING TOMORROWS SOLUTIONS
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2
HDK PROVIDES THE ULTIMATE
IN RHEOLOGICAL AND FLUIDIZATION
CONTROL
Contents
Product Performance and Expertise 3
Unique Properties 4
Rheological Performance 6
Preventing Sedimentation 7
Straightforward Processing 8
Optimum Effectiveness 10
Practical Examples 12
High-Performance Powder Coatings 17
HDK Product Guide
Leveling and Antisedimentation 18
Layer thickness 18
Hydrophilic HDK 19
Hydrophobic HDK 19
Automotive and Refinishing
Applications 20
Coil, Can and Corrosion
Protection Coatings 24
General Industrial Coatings 26
Floor, Furniture and Wood
Coatings 27
Printing Inks 28
Service 30
WACKER at a Glance 31
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HDK has the versatility to meet
the many different requirements of
coatings and printing inks. When it
comes to optimizing rheological
properties such as flow, fluidization
and triboelectric charging of coatingmaterials or powder coatings, HDK
pyrogenic silica gives you the selective
control you need. HDK will get the
most out of your products.
Targeted Product Performance
WACKER has been producing pyro-
genic silica for over thirty years and
has continued to enhance its unique
properties. These efforts have made
todays HDK exceptional. HDK isnot only a multitalented player, it also
efficiently optimizes specific qualities
in a wide range of products including
coatings, printing inks and many more.
The unique assortment of hydrophobic
and hydrophilic HDK grades gives
precise rheological control of all types
of coating materials and powder paints
to the requirements of the application.
When it comes to thickening, thixotropy,
antisedimentation, pourability andelectrostatic applications, HDK imparts
exactly the qualities you need for your
application.
Concentrated Expertise
An innovative, motivated partner to
the coating and printing ink industry,
WACKER SILICONES backs up its
unbeatable products with first-class
service. To satisfy the requirements ofthe market and our customers, we
research, develop and produce binders,
pigments and additives that continu-
ously improve product performance and
enhance applications. Our customers
can always count on expert, customized
support as well as comprehensive
technical service. We have a local
presence worldwide.
HIGHEST RESULTS FROM
EVERY APPLICATION
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UNIQUE PROPERTIES FOR
VERSATILE APPLICATIONS
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The numerous systems for pigments,
surface and powder coatings must
meet specific requirements in produc-
tion and storage and during applica-
tion. This requires consistently high
quality and efficiency. With HDK,you will reach your goals reliably and
economically.
Many Possible Applications
In close cooperation with the coatings
and printing ink industries, WACKER
SILICONES has developed a wide range
of hydrophobic and hydrophilic HDK
grades for numerous application areas.
HDK is the perfect solution for every
sort of ink and coating used on cars,
furniture, ships, parquet floors anddiverse printing processes.
Two-component solvent-containing
and high solids coating materials
Solvent-containing and high solids
baking systems
Air-drying solvent-containing and
high solids coatings
Solventless two-component and
UV curing systems
Water-thinnable coating materials
Powder coatings
Systems for offset, gravure, flexo-
graphic and silk-screen printing
Clear Application Advantages
With its unique properties, HDK
improves the important properties
of coatings and printing inks:
Rheology/Flow Control of film thickness and leveling
Antisedimentation agent for pigments,
fillers and matting agents
Control of flow and fluidization
properties
Appearance
No influence on color
High transparency, optimum high gloss
Less water absorption, improved print
sharpness
Additional benefits
Improved corrosion protection,
wet-adhesion, mechanical properties
Protection of metallic pigments
Charge control
High storage stability
Handling
No preactivation in solvents necessary
Rheology unaffected by temperature
profile
No subsequent seeding
Reduced spraying, dusting, misting
Improved stackability
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6
CUSTOMIZED RHEOLOGY FOR
PERFECT SURFACES
To adjust a coating materials
rheological properties, you need to
ensure that the binder, solvent and
pigments/filler ratio are perfectly
matched. As a rheological additive,
HDK gives perfect control ofperformance in every phase.
Perfect Leveling
In practice, coating materials are
exposed to a wide range of shear forces
during production, transportation, stor-
age and application. Production and
application entail especially high levels
of shear, which can influence the quality
of the coating. Very low levels also
have an effect. The goal is to achieve a
uniform, smooth surface once a coathas been applied in the appropriate
thickness. This requires achieving the
desired leveling while at the same time
preventing run-off. Here, HDK acts
as a thixotropic agent and fine-tunes
the relaxation rate of the viscosity in the
freshly applied coat.
Overview of the shear rates and viscosities that occur during a coating materials
lifecycle from production to application
0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 102 103 104 105
103
102
10
1
0.1
0.01
Shear rate
V
iscos
ity
[Pas
]
Storage Transportation
Coating material production
Applicat ion
Controlled
with HDKControlled
with HDKControlled
with HDK
Settling
Sagging
Free-flowing
Settling
Consistency
in drum Application
Controlled by
binders,
pigments and
solvents
Packaging
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Another important task of HDK is to
prevent sedimentation of fillers and
pigments as a result of very low shear
during storage and transportation of
coating materials.
Custom Formulations
A coating material formulation must
balance very diverse requirements:
on the one hand, high viscosity must
be achieved in the low-shear range
to prevent sedimentation (this may becombined with a yield point). On the
other hand, the formulation must get the
leveling properties right while preventing
sagging after application.
There are many other parameters that
make adjusting the rheological proper-
ties of a coating material a highly
complex task:
Binder polarity
Binder molar mass and molar massdistributions
Choice of solvent (solubility parameter)
Base viscosity of the binder/solvent
system
Volume fraction of the pigments
and fillers
Interactions between components
Use of additional surface-active
products (wetting or dispersing agents,
etc.)
Reliable Solutions
These factors al l influence the rheologi-
cal properties and therefore affect the
selection and dosing of rheological
additives. The wide range of HDK grades
offers a solution for every demand. Theinterfacial situation energy of any system
can be adjusted to the required value
with hydrophilic HDK for non-polar
systems through to hydrophobic grades
for more polar systems. For example,
through the choice of a particular HDK,
it is possible to shift the emphasis either
toward control of film thickness or
toward optimum leveling.
CONSISTENT QUALITY
BY PREVENTING SEDIMENTATION
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Equipment Fineness of grind [m]
Hydrophilic Grades Hydrophobic Grades
HDK N20 HDK T30 HDK T40 HDK H15 HDK H18
Dissolver 0 5 10 25 60 75 30 75 30 50
Horizontal (Netzsch) mill 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5
Three-roll mill 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5
Grindometer Measurement in Accordance with DIN ISO 1524
STRAIGHTFORWARD PROCESSING FOR
EFFICIENT PRODUCTION WORKFLOWS
Economic and smooth processes
increase production efficiency. There
is a clear advantage to using HDK
to create easy-to-process products
precisely tuned to specific coating
and printing ink systems.
Delivered Ready-to-Use
According to the available data,
pyrogenic silica, if used appropriately,
does not have adverse effects on
health or the environment. HDK can
be processed efficiently: it can be usedwithout additional treatment before
being integrated into production. There
are no restrictions on the temperature
at which it is incorporated.
Formulating is made easier by the
uniformity and consistently high quality
of HDK. The rheological efficacy of
HDK depends on how finely the pyro-
genic silica is broken down. That means
that with better dispersing machines,
Accuracy of measurement 5m.
To obtain optimum colloidal particle dispersion, the mixing equipment must be selected
to suit the agglomeration state of the particular HDK grade.
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9
higher viscosity values can be achieved
for the same HDK concentration.
Efficacy does not depend on the pure
dispersion time, but rather on optimiza-
tion of the shear forces.
To atta in optimal rheological stabili ty,it has proven useful to first incorporate
HDK into a high solids binder/pigment
phase. HDK grades with large surface
areas (>200m2/g) should be dispersed
with bead mills or three-roll mills. In
some cases, a powerful dissolver may
also be adequate.
On-Location Around the World
With its three production sites, WACKER
is one of the worlds top-three manufac-
turers of pyrogenic silica. You can count
on high production and distribution
capacities, short lead times thanks toon-site warehousing, convenient import-
ing through distributors and logistical
support. Additionally, we provide you
with special container sizes, optimized
cost-saving solutions and simplified
recycling. As we see it, that is also part
of being efficient.
Dispersing HDK
Effect of energy input on the rheological performance of HDK during dissolver dispersion
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
Viscos
ity
[Pas
]a
ts
hearra
teso
fD=
0,5
s-1
Circumferential velocities
Time [s]
9 m/s
Dispersibility by grade: to obtain optimum
colloidal particle dispersion and a storage-
stable highly efficient product, the mixing
equipment must be selected to suit the
agglomeration state of the particular HDK
grade.
20m
20m
More compact
agglomerates
with HDK T40
More compact
agglomerates
with HDK T40
HDK N20HDK N20
8 m/s 5 m/s 3 m/s
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10
OPTIMUM EFFECT WITH
VARIOUS POLARITIES
Coating materials are complex
multicomponent systems. Besides
the viscosity of the binder solution,
it is mainly the phase volumes of
the disperse particles and interac-
tions between them that determinethe rheological behavior of colloidal
dispersions. The highly branched
aggregate structure of HDK is
responsible for its high surface-to-
mass ratio. This lies behind the very
high capacity of HDK for particle-
particle interactions and volume
immobilization of the binder solution.
Hydrophilic HDK
The rheological propert ies (interaction
potentials) of HDK in coating materials
are governed by adsorption processes
on the HDK aggregate surfaces. This
can be understood by reference to theDLVO theory. Hydrophilic HDK grades
with adsorbed polymers on the surface
behave like macromolecules with high
molar masses. The solubility of these
adsorbed polymers determines the
intermolecular interactions. Thanks to
the polarity of the hydrophobic HDK,
the adsorbed binder molecules have
different solubility parameters from the
non-adsorbed molecules. This is the
reason for the sought-after reversible
particle-particle interactions. Due to theinterplay of inherently polar polymers
and induced dipoles of hydrophilic
HDK, the adsorbate coating becomes
highly compact in the presence of
somewhat non-polar solvents, and the
Van der Waals forces predominate.
These interactions result in the formation
of a three-dimensional network that,
with sufficient concentration, can have
the nature of a permeating gel. If the
formulation contains a larger amount of
polar solvent, steric stabilization of the
HDK may occur. This is where hydro-
phobic HDK shows its strengths.
Hydrophobic HDK
The DLVO theory also provides a useful
tool for understanding the particle-
particle interactions of hydrophobic
HDK. In polar coating materials, the
completely covalently bonded hydro-phobic layer used by WACKER can
be regarded as a kind of barrier layer.
This prevents undesirable colloidal
stabilization of the HDK. The effective-
ness of this hydrophobic layer depends
on the difference in polarity from the
ambient binder and solvent. WACKER
has developed a comprehensive range
of hydrophobic HDK grades to suit
different polar coating materials. Their
capacity for interaction is controlled by
quantity and type of the layer (molecularstructure, chain length).
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High Solids Systems
A high solids system is generally a
coating material that emits roughly half
as much solvent in the processed state
as the corresponding low solids system.
Solids content can be increased withoutraising the processing viscosity by:
Using solvents that greatly lower
the viscosity
Using reactive thinners
Hot application
It is also possible to reduce the mean
molar mass and narrow the molar mass
distribution of the binder. Average molar
masses are typically 800 1,500 g/mol.
Since film-forming agents in high solids
systems have a lower equivalent weight
than those in low solids systems, which
is the same as having a higher number
of mostly polar functional groups, they
have a higher surface energy. This
phenomenon can lead to undesirable
colloidal stabilization effects if hydro-
philic HDK is used, and its efficiency
is reduced. Hydrophobic HDK grades
are extremely effective in high solids
systems, and provide a particularly
stable thixotropic effect.
Non-po
larliquid
High thixotropy Low thixotropy
Van der Waals interactions No particle-particle interactions
Hydrophilic polar silica Hydrophobic non-polar silica
Polarli
quid
Low thixotropy High thixotropy
No particle-particle interactions Van der Waals interactions
Hydrophilic polar silica Hydrophobic non-polar silica
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1212
PRACTICAL EXAMPLES
OF SYSTEM FORMULATIONS
Medium Oil Alkyd Resin System
Example 1 shows the rheological
performance in a medium-oil alkyd-
based top-coat formulation. Hydrophilic
HDK N20 and hydrophobic HDK H15
are compared.
In less polar systems, the rheological
performance can be adjusted with
hydrophilic HDK and the system remains
stable on storage. In example 1, the
thixotropic properties of hydrophobic
HDK H15 are even more distinct. This
could be interpreted as indicating that
the hydrophobic modification of HDK
H15 results in an advantageous volume-
filling binder absorption, which also
provides pronounced control of thixo-
tropy as a result of polymer bridging.
Properties
Coating material White alkyd resin top coat
Binder Medium-oil alkyd resin
Pigment Titanium dioxide
PVK 18 %
Gloss Satin finish
Solvent Aliphatic/aromatic ratio 83 :17
Solids content Held constant at ~53 %
Dispersion Bead mill
Flow times (based on DIN 53211) After storing 24 h at RT
Without HDK 38 s/4 mm (120 mPas at D = 500 s-1)
0.7% HDK N20 58 s/4 mm (160 mPas at D = 500 s-1)
0.7% HDK H15 68 s/4 mm (170 mPas at D = 500 s-1)
Leveling test (acc. to AS
TM 2801 on glass) in terms of doctor blade gapWithout HDK ~30 m after 1 and 28 days
0.7% HDK N20 ~60 m after 1 and 28 days
0.7% HDK H15 ~70 m after 1 and 28 days
Example 1: Graph of thixotropic properties of the coating materials obtained by measuring
the recovery of the quasi-stationary viscosity after previous intensive shearing
1.2
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Viscos
ity
[Pas
]
Time for viscosity recovery [s]
32 36 40 44 48 52 56 60 64 68 72 76 80 84 88 92 96 100
Optimizing rheological performance of a classic medium oil alkyd
resin-dilutable top-coat system (white)
D = 0.5s-1 D = 0.5s-1
HDK H15 1 day HDK N20 1 day
HDK N20 28 days
Control 1day
Control 28 daysHDK H15 28 days
D = 500s-1
Example 1: Rheological performance of a classical medium oil alkyd
resin-dilutable top-coat system
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Data High-solids system
Volatile organic compounds (VOC) [g/l] ~430
Binder Type Polyacrylate polyols
Polyester polyolsCuring agent: HDT
Molar mass of polyols [g/mol] 1500/1200
Acid-value of polyols [mg KOH/g] ~7.5/16
OH value of polyols [%] 4.5/5.4
Solvents Type Esters/glycol esters
Flow times (based on DIN 53211) [s/4 mm] ~23
Amount of HDK based on formulation [%] 1
High Solids, Two-Component, PUR,
Clear-Coat Systems
Example 2 depicts the rheological
performance of a high solids, two-
component, PUR clear coat system
(automotive refinish) with the followingsystem parameters:
In this very polar, high solids system,
the formulation containing HDK H30RM
shows optimum wet-film thicknessuniformity with slower viscosity relax-
ation, which assists leveling. HDK
H20RM shows a more pronounced and
faster thixotropic performance. With
these two grades, it is possible to fine-
tune the properties according to the
desired profile.
1.2
1.1
1.0
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
Viscos
ity
[Pas
]
Time for viscosity recovery [s]
65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120
Rheological performance optimization of a two-component PUR clear coat system
(VOC ~430g/l) with hydrophobic HDK
D = 0.5s-1 D = 0.5s-1
HDK H20RMSag resistance:wet ~125 m
HDK H30RMSag resistance:wet ~55 m
HDK H15Sag resistance:wet ~25 m
Control
D = 500s-1
Example 2: Rheological performance of a high solids, two-component,
PUR clear coat system
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14
Epoxy Resin Systems
Example 3 shows that HDK H18
also offers maximum sag resistance in
solvent-containing and solvent-free
systems.
Example 3: System Parameters
Data
Binder Type High solids epoxy resin
Epoxy equivalent [g/equiv.] 588
Hardener Type Polyamidoamine adduct
H-active equivalent [g/equiv.] 160
Mixing ratio 100:27
Solids [%] 61
Solids by volume [%] 56
Solvents Types Aromatic/methoxypropanol
Dynamic viscosity (D= 500 s-1) [mPas] 350 non-thixotropic
400 450 thixotropic
Total HDK based on formulation [%] 0.35 0.7 1.4
Flow test: dry-film thickness [m] 55
Dispersion Bead mill
Adjusting the rheological properties of a two-component, high solids epoxy coating material
450
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
Dry-f
ilmt
hickness
tha
tcan
bea
dditiona
lly
ac
hieve
dw
ithou
tleve
ling
[m
]
Thixotropy value (differences in viscos ity between non -thixotropic
and thixotropic systems at D = 0.5 s-1) [mPas]
1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000
Measurements taken
15 minutes after mixing
components A and B
Achievable dry-film thicknesses
without leveling:
without HDK H18 55 m
0.35 % HD K H18 85 m
0.70 % HD K H18 110 m
1.40 % HD K H18 240 m
HDK H15 HDK H18
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1515
HDK
in Water-Dilutable CoatingMaterials
It is more difficult to select a grade and
dosage for water-dilutable systems
because the optimum rheology depends
on multiple factors. Therefore, prelimi-
nary trials are necessary. WACKER
SILICONES technical service is happy
to advise you in the selection of
appropriate HDK grades and new
development products.
Possible Influences to Consider:
Electrical surface charges of particles
Electrolyte content of pigments,
fillers, etc.
pH
Absorption of binders on the HDK
surface
Absorption of other surface-active
additives
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
So
lven
torwa
tercon
ten
t(%)
1 2 3 4
Conventional coating
(independent of relative humidity)
Time (min)
Water-dilutable coating
(at 30% relative humidity)
Water-dilutable coating
(at 60% relative humidity)
HDK for water-dilutable systems
Hydrophilic HDK HDK
V15 / N20 / T30 / T40
HDK dispersions HDK A2012 /
XK20030 / A3017
basically stabilized
HDK D2012B / D3017B
acidically stabilized
Hydrophobic HDK HDK H13/H15/H30/
H30RM
The slow evaporation compared to solvent-dilutable systems requires a carefully
controlled rheology profile
HDK FOR RHEOLOGICAL CONTROL
IN WATER-DILUTABLE COATING
MATERIALS
Specific
Solutions
WACKER SILICONES has developed a
wide range of organically modified silanes
which allows us to provide appropriately
modified pyrogenic silica upon request.
Active reinforcing fillers for especially
scratch-resistant coatings or improved
corrosion protection are one example.WACKERs technical service works with
you to fulfill your goals.
Source:
BASFLac
kiertec
hn
ik,
2002
,Vincen
tzVerlag
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17
HIGHLY SUCCESSFUL
POWDER COATINGS
When formulating powder coatings,
even small amounts of HDK improve
flow and fluidizability. And that is
exactly what is required for efficient
usage and simplified electrostatic
application.
Free Flow
Hydrophobic HDK is especially suited
for improving the flow properties of
powders. During mixing in, it accumu-
lates on the surface of the individual
powder grains and separates them from
one another. The powder can thereby
flow freely, which ensures better edge
covering in the melting phase.
Because of its high specific surface area,
HDK can bind moisture on the surface
of hygroscopic powders. This drying
effect further assists free flow and is best
achieved with hydrophilic HDK grades.
Efficient Application
HDK works outstandingly in only small
doses; 0.1 0.3 % (by weight) is enough
to bring about the desired effects. It is
best if these highly d ispersible pyrogenic
silica are introduced during grinding
(8,000 12,000 rpm), but under no
circumstances before extrusion.
The advantages of HDK are apparent
at every stage:
Faster, easier sieving
Simple application (spraying,
fluidized bed)
Retains the electrostatic wrap effect
No influence on film formation and
hardening
High-Performance Toner
For over ten years, WACKER has
developed special HDK grades for
toners and continues to further develop
them. These grades optimize the toners
flow properties, regulate tribo chargingand stabilize the formulation. As a result,
the toner particles stay mobile, toner is
transferred more easily, the image carrier
is cleaned more effectively and the
printed image is sharp. Detailed infor-
mation on this topic is available from
WACKER SILICONES.
HDK for Powder Coatings
Standard products HDKV15/N20/T30/
H15/H30
Highly destructured HDK H2000
products Other grades availableWithout HDK: lumps form on the sieve With HDK H30: no lumps on the sieve
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HDK N20 Standard product for non-polar to semi-polar pigmented water-dilutable
coating materials
HDK T30 & Standard product for non-polar to semi-polar transparent systems and
HDK T40 water-dilutable coating materials
HDKA3017 Ammonia-stabilized HDK dispersion also for transparent coating materials
HDK D3017 Acid-stabilized HDK dispersion also for transparent coating materials
HDK H13 Standard product for semi-polar and polar coating materials
Also used in p igmented, water-reducible systems
HDK H15 Standard product for semi-polar pigmented coating materials
HDK H30 Standard product for semi-polar transparent and water-reducible systems
Innovative new HDK for water-reducible coating materials.
Please contact our technical marketing.
HDK H20RM Especially developed for polar systems and high solids formulations
Alternative to H15 for pigmented coating mater ials, with the additional
advantage of a monomolecular trimethylsilyl coating at generally lower
doses than H15
HDK H30RM Especially developed for polar systems and high solids formulations
Alternative to H30 for optimizing f low in transparent systems
Has the additional advantage of a monomolecular trimethylsilyl coating
at generally lower doses than H30Also suitable for fil led water-dilutable systems.
Step 1
18
HDK PRODUCT GUIDE FOR
COATINGS AND PRINTING INKS
Good Leveling and Protection against Sedimentation
HDK N20 Standard product for non-polar to semi-polar pigmented systems
HDK T30 & Standard product for non-polar to semi-polar transparent and
HDK T40 water-reducible systems
HDK H13 Standard product for semi-polar and polar coating materials
Also used in p igmented, water-reducible systems
HDK H20 & Standard product for semi-polar pigmented systems
HDK
H15HDK H30 Standard product for semi-polar transparent and water-reducible systems
Innovative new HDK for water-reducible systems.
Please contact our technical marketing.
HDK H18 Standard product for polar systems
Extremely pronounced thixotropy with quick recovery of viscosity after
exposure to shear stress even in highly polar and high solids systems
HDK H20RM & Especially developed for polar systems and high solids formulations
HDK H30RM Pronounced thixotropy with quick recovery of viscosity after exposure to
shear stress even in highly polar systems with the additional advantage
of a monomolecular trimethylsilyl coating
HDK H30RM For transparent systems. Also suitable for filled water-reducible systems.
HDK H20RC Especially developed for polar systems and high solids formulations.
Pronounced thixotropy with quick recovery of viscosity after exposure to
shear stress even in highly polar systems with the additional advantageof an alkyd coating
Step 2Layer Thickness and Prevention of Sagging and Running
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HDK HDK HDK HDK
V15 N20 T30 T40
BET surface area
ISO 9277/DIN66132[m2/g] 150 20 200 30 300 30 400 40
pH
IS
O 787-9 3.8 4.3 3.8 4.3 3.8 4.3 3.8 4.3in 4% H2O dispersion
Tapped density
DIN EN ISO 787-11[g/l] ca. 50 ca. 40 ca. 40 ca. 40
Loss on drying
ISO 787-2 [wt.%]
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Automotive Segment
Coating segment OEM automotive solvent-dilutable clear coating materials
Desired rheological profile FLOW & LEVELING where
ANTI-SAG PROPERTIES also needed
Stable rheology in the ring line
Stable rheology in the baking phaseResin Polyol Polyol Polyol
Polyisocyanate Blocked CAB
polyisocyanate Melamine resin
Solvent Esters Alcohols Alcohols
Glycol ethers Glycol ether esters Glycol ethers
Glycol ether esters Aromatics Aromatics
Aromatics
HDK grades HDK H30RM HDK H30RM HDK H30RM
HDK H30 HDK H30 HDK H30
HDKT30 HDKT30 HDKT30
HDK dosage 0.1 0.6 % 0.1 0.6 % 0.1 0.6 %
Coating segment OEM automotive water-dilutable clear coating materials
Desired rheological profile GOOD FLOW & LEVELING where
ANTI-SAG PROPERTIES also needed
Highly pure rheological additive to avoid graying of aluminum flake
Stable rheology in the ring line
Stable rheology in the baking phase
Resin Acrylic dispersion Polyol
Melamine resin Polyisocyanate
Polyester
Solvent DI water DI water
Glycols Glycols
HDK grade HDK H30 HDK H30
HDKT30 HDKT30
HDK dosage 0.1 0.6 % 0.1 0.6 %
Remarks Synergistic effects with associative additives such as
PUR thickeners are possible.
New specialty hydrophobic grades are available on request.
Coating segment OEM automotive solvent-dilutable top coating materials
Desired rheological profile FLOW & LEVELING where
ANTI-SAG PROPERTIES also needed
Stable rheology in the ring line
Stable rheology in the baking phaseResin Polyol Polyol Polyol
Polyisocyanate Blocked CAB
polyisocyanate Melamine resin
Solvent Esters Alcohols Alcohols
Glycol ethers Glycol ether esters Glycol ethers
Glycol ether esters Aromatics Aromatics
Aromatics
HDK grade HDK H30RM HDK H30RM HDK H30RM
HDK H20RM HDK H20RM HDK H20RM
HDK H20RC HDK H20RC HDK H20RC
HDK H13 HDK H13 HDK H13
HDK H15 HDK H15 HDK H15
HDKT30 HDKT30 HDKT30
HDK N20 HDK N20 HDK N20
HDK dosage 0.1 0.6 % 0.1 0.6 % 0.1 0.6 %
Step 4Solvent-Dilutable Clear Coating Materials Step 4Solvent-Dilutable Clear Coating Materials
Step 4Water-Dilutable Clear Coating Materials
Step 4Solvent-Dilutable Top Coating Materials
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Coating segment OEM automotive water-dilutable top coating materials
Desired rheological profile GOOD FLOW & LEVELING where
ANTI-SAG PROPERTIES also needed
Stable rheology in the ring line
Stable rheology in the baking phaseResin Acrylic dispersion Polyol
Melamine resin Polyisocyanate
Polyester
Solvent DI water DI water
Glycols Glycols
HDK grade HDK H30RM HDK H30RM
HDK H30 HDK H30
HDKT30 HDKT30
HDK dosage 0.1 0.6 % 0.1 0.6 %
Remarks Synergistic effects with associative additives are possible.
New specialty hydrophobic grades are available on request.
Coating segment OEM automotive solvent-dilutable base coating materials
Desired rheological profile GOOD FLOW & LEVELING where
ANTI-SAG PROPERTIES also needed
Flake orientation control
Stable rheology in the ring line
Stable rheology in the baking phase
Resin Polyol Polyol
Polyisocyanate CAB
Melamine resin
Solvent Esters Glycol ether esters
Glycol ethers Esters
Glycol ether esters Aromatics
Aromatics Alcohols
HDK grade HDK H30RM HDK H30RM
HDK H30 HDK H30
HDKT30 HDKT30
HDK dosage 0.1 0.9 % 0.1 0.9 %
Coating segment Water-reducible base coating materials
Desired rheological profile GOOD FLOW & LEVELING
Flake orientation control
Highly pure rheological additive to avoid graying
Stable rheology in the ring lineStable rheology in the baking phase
Resin PU dispersion Acrylic dispersion
Melamine resin
Polyester
Solvent DI water DI water
Glycols Glycols
N-Methyl pyrrolidone
HDK grade HDK H30RM HDK H30RM
HDK H30 HDK H30
HDKT30 HDKT30
HDK dosage 0.1 0.8 % 0.1 0.8 %
Remarks Synergistic effects with associative additives are possible.
New specialty hydrophobic grades are available on request.
Solvent-Dilutable Base Coating Materials
Step 4Water-Reducible Base Coating Materials
Step 4Solvent-Dilutable Base Coating Materials
Step 4Water-Dilutable Top Coating Materials
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Coating segment OEM automotive solvent-dilutable filler coating materials
Desired rheological profile ANTI-SAG PROPERTIES
ANTI-SEDIMENTATION PROPERTIES
Resin Polyol Polyol
Polyisocyanate CABMelamine resin
Solvent Esters Glycol ether esters
Glycol esters Esters
Glycol ether esters Aromatics/alcohols
Aromatics
HDK grade HDK H20RM HDK H20RM
HDK H20RC HDK H20RC
HDK H13 HDK H13
HDK H15 HDK H15
HDK N20 HDK N20
HDK dosage 0.3 1.0 % 0.3 1.0 %
Coating segment OEM automotive water-reducible filler coating materials
Desired rheological profile ANTI-SAG PROPERTIES
ANTI-SEDIMENTATION PROPERTIES
Resin Polyol
Melamine resin
Solvent DI water
Glycols
HDK grade HDK H30RM
HDK H30
HDKT30
HDK dosage 0.5 1.0 %
Remarks Synergistic effects with associative additives are possible.New specialty hydrophobic grades are available on request.
Coating segment OEM automotive solvent-dilutable underbody protection
coating materials
Desired rheological profile ANTI-SAG PROPERTIES
ANTI-SEDIMENTATION PROPERTIES
Resin PVC plastisol Polyol
blocked polyisocyanate
Solvent Esters Glycol ether esters
Glycol esters AromaticsGlycol ether esters
Aromatics
HDK grade HDK H20RC
HDK H20RM
HDK H13 HDK H13
HDK H15 HDK H15
HDK N20
HDK dosage 0.3 1 % 0.3 1 %
Step 4Solvent-Dilutable Filler Coating Materials
Step 4Water-Reducible Filler Coating Materials
Step 4Solvent-Dilutable Underbody Protection Coating Materials
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Automotive Refinish Segment
Coating segment Automotive refinish coating materials polyester fil ler
Desired rheological profile ANTI-SAG PROPERTIES
ANTI-SEDIMENTATION PROPERTIES
Resin UP
Solvent Styrene monomer
HDK grade HDK N20
HDK dosage 0.3 1 %
Solvent-Dilutable Clear and Top-Filler Coating MaterialsCoating segment Automotive refinish solvent-dilutable clear coating materials
Desired rheological profile FLOW & LEVELING where
ANTI-SAG PROPERTIES also needed
Resin Polyol
Polyisocyanate
Solvent Esters
Glycol esters
Glycol ether esters
Aromatics
HDK grade HDK H30RM (top & clear coats)
HDK H20RM
HDK H20RC
HDK H15
HDKT30 (top & clear coats)
HDK N20
HDK dosage 0.1 0.8 %
Coating segment Can coating materials solvent-dilutable
Desired rheological profile ANTI-SAG PROPERTIES
ANTI-SEDIMENTATION PROPERTIES
Resin Epoxy resin Polyol Epoxy resin
Melamine resin Blocked Phenol resin
polyisocyanate
Solvent Aromatics Glycol ether esters Alcohols
Esters Aromatics Glycol ethers
Aromatics
Isophorones
HDK grade HDK H13 HDK H13 HDK H13
HDK H15 HDK H15 HDK H15
HDK N20 HDK N20 HDK N20
HDKT30 HDKT30 HDKT30
HDK dosage 0.1 0.3 % 0.1 0.3 % 0.1 0.3 %
Can Coatings
Step 4Polyester Filler
Step 4Solvent-Dilutable Clear and Top-Filler Coating Materials
Step 4Solvent-Dilutable Systems
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Coating segment Corrosion protection coatings solvent-dilutable
Desired rheological profile ANTI-SAG PROPERTIES
ANTI-SEDIMENTATION PROPERTIES
Resin Two-component One-component PVC copolymerEP Zn dust EP Zn dust
Solvent Alcohols Aromatics Aromatics
Glycol ethers Esters Esters
Glycol ether esters Ketones
Aromatics
HDK grade HDK H18 HDK H18
HDK H13 HDK H13 HDK H13
HDK H15 HDK H15 HDK H15
HDK N20
HDK dosage 1 2 % 1 2 % 0.3 1.5 %
Remarks Prevents undesirable reactions in coating materials containing
metallic pigments
Corrosion Protection Coatings Coating Materials
Coating segment Corrosion protection coatings solvent-dilutable
Desired rheological profile ANTI-SAG PROPERTIES
ANTI-SEDIMENTATION PROPERTIES
Resin Epoxy resin Polyol Alkyd resin
Polyisocyanate
Solvent Alcohols Esters Aromatics
Glycol ethers Glycol esters White spirits
Glycol ether esters Glycol ether esters
Aromatics AromaticsHDK grade HDK H18 HDK H18
HDK H20RC
HDK H13 HDK H13 HDK H13
HDK H15 HDK H15 HDK H15
HDK N20
HDK dosage 0.3 1.5 % 0.3 1.5 % 0.3 0.6 %
Coil Coatings
Coating segment Coil coating materials solvent-dilutable systems
Desired FLOW AND COATING THICKNESS where
rheological profile ANTI-SEDIMENTATION PROPERTIES also needed
Resin Epoxy resin Polyol Polyester PVDF & PVC
Polyester Blocked Melamine resin Plastisolspolyisocyanate
Solvent Alcohols Glycol ether esters Alcohols Esters
Glycol ethers Aromatics Glycol ethers Glycol esters
Glycol ether esters Aromatics Glycol ether esters
Aromatics Isophorones Aromatics
Isophorones
HDK grade HDK H18
HDK H13 HDK H13 HDK H13
HDK H15 HDK H15 HDK H15 HDK H15
HDK N20 HDK N20 HDK N20 HDK N20
HDKT30 HDKT30 HDKT30
HDK dosage 0.2 2.0 % 0.2 2.0 % 0.2 2.0 % 0.3 1 %
Step 4Solvent-Dilutable Systems
Step 4Solvent-Dilutable and Water-Reducible Systems
Step 4Solvent-Dilutable and Water-Reducible Systems
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Coating segment Corrosion protection coatings solvent-dilutable and
water-dilutable
Desired rheological profile ANTI-SAG PROPERTIES
ANTI-SEDIMENTATION PROPERTIES
Resin Methyl and phenyl Methy l-6-phenyl Ethyl sili catesilicone resins such silicone resins such
as WACKER SILRES as WACKER SILRES
Solvent Alcohols DI water Aromatics
Glycol ethers Glycols Ketones
Glycol ether esters Water
Aromatics
HDK grade HDK H13 HDK H13 HDK H13
HDK H15 HDK H15 HDK H15
HDK N20 HDK N20 HDK N20
HDK dosage 1 2 % 0.5 1.0 % 0.2 2 %
Remarks Prevents undesirable reactions in coating materials containing
metallic pigments
Coating segment Corrosion protection coatings water-dilutable
Desired rheological profile ANTI-SAG PROPERTIES
ANTI-SEDIMENTATION PROPERTIES
Resin Acrylic dispersions Urethane modified alkyd emulsions
Alkyd emulsions
Solvent DI water DI water
Glycols Glycols
HDK grade HDK H30RM HDK H30RM
HDK H30 HDK H30
HDK H13 HDK H13
HDK
H15 HDK
H15HDKT30 HDKT30
HDK dosage 0.5 2 % 0.5 2 %
Remarks Synergistic effects with associative additives such as PUR
thickeners are possible.
New specialty hydrophobic grades are available on request.
Step 4Solvent-Dilutable and Water-Dilutable Systems
Step 4Solvent-Dilutable and Water-Reducible Systems
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General Industrial Coatings
Floor Coating Materials
Coating segment General industrial coating materials solvent-dilutable
Desired rheological profile ANTI-SAG PROPERTIES
ANTI-SEDIMENTATION PROPERTIES
Resin two-component Polyol Alkyd resin/
epoxy primer Polyisocyanate Melamine resin
Solvent Alcohols Esters Aromatics
Glycol ethers Glycol esters Alcohols
Glycol ether esters Glycol ether esters
Aromatics Aromatics
HDK grade HDK H18 HDK H20RC HDK H20RC
HDK H13 HDK H13 HDK H13
HDK H15 HDK H15 HDK H15
HDK N20 HDK N20
HDK dosage 0.3 1.5 % 0.3 1.5 % 0.3 1.5 %
Coating segment General industrial coating materials solvent-dilutable
Desired rheological profile ANTI-SAG PROPERTIES
ANTI-SEDIMENTATION PROPERTIES
Resin Wash primer Physically drying Physically drying
PVB type polyurethane resin PVC/PMMA
copolymer
Solvent Alcohols Aromatics Ketones
Aromatics Alcohols Aromatics
Esters
HDK grade HDK H13 HDK H13 HDK H13
HDK H15 HDK H15 HDK H15
HDK N20
HDK dosage 0.3 0.8 % 0.3 1.5 % 0.3 1.5 %
Coating segment Floor coating materials solventless and solvent-dilutable
Desired rheological profile VERY GOOD FLOW & LEVELING where
ANTI-SAG PROPERTIES needed
Resin Polyol Two-component Chlorinated rubber
Polyisocyanate epoxy resin
Solvent Alcohols Alcohols
Glycol ethers Glycol ethers
Glycol ether esters Aromatics
Aromatics
HDK grade HDK H18 HDK H18 HDK H18
HDK H20RC HDK H20RC HDK H20RC
HDK H13 HDK H13
HDK H15 HDK H15 HDK H15
HDK N20 HDK N20 HDK N20
HDK dosage 0.1 1.5 % 0.1 1.5 % 0.1 1.5 %
Step 4Solvent-Dilutable Systems
Step 4Solventless and Solvent-Dilutable Systems
Step 4Solvent-Dilutable Systems
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Furniture & Wood Coating Materials
Coating segment Furniture and wood coating materials
Desired rheological profile ANTI-SEDIMENTATION PROPERTIES
ANTI-SAG PROPERTIES
Resin UV-curing UP UV-curing Solvent-dilutable
modified polyether alkyd resinand ester acrylates
Solvent Styrene Aromatics
White spirits
HDK grade HDK H13
HDK H15 HDK H15
HDK N20 HDK N20 HDK N20
HDKT30 HDKT30
HDK dosage 0.1 0.3 % 0.3 0.6 % 0.3 0.6 %
Coating segment Furniture and wood coating materials
Desired rheological profile ANTI-SEDIMENTATION PROPERTIES
ANTI-SAG PROPERTIES
Resin Alkyd resin/ Polyol Acid curing system
cellulose nitrate Polyisocyanate Alkyd resin
Urea resin
Solvent Aromatics Esters
Esters Glycol esters
Alcohols Glycol ether esters
Aromatics
HDK grade HDK H30RM
HDK H20RC
HDK H13 HDK H13 HDK H13
HDK H15 HDK H15 HDK H15
HDK H30HDK N20 HDK N20 HDK N20
HDK dosage 0.3 0.6 % 0.3 0.6 % 0.3 0.6 %
Step 4Solventless and Solvent-Dilutable Systems
Step 4Solventless and Solvent-Dilutable Systems
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Ink segment Offset printing
Desired rheological profile ANTI-SAG PROPERTIES
ANTI-SEDIMENTATION PROPERTIES
PREVENTS EMULSIFICATION AND SCUMMINGANTI-MISTING
Resin Combination varnish Heat-set varnish
Linseed oil varnish Hard resins
Resins (usual ly alkyd resins) Alkyd resins
Solvent Paraffinic, naphthenic and Paraffinic, naphthenic and
other aromatic hydrocarbons, other aromatic hydrocarbons,
mainly Cl6-Cl8 mainly Cl6-Cl8
HDK grade HDK H15
HDK H20
HDK N20
HDKT30
HDK dosage 1 3 % 1 3 %
Ink segment Flexographic and gravure printing inks
Desired rheological profile Low-viscosity or pasty printing inks used in flexographic printing
ANTI-SEDIMENTATION PROPERTIES
ANTI-SAG PROPERTIES
Resin Cellulose Polyvinyl- Vinyl chloride Polyamide
nitrate, often butyrals such copolymers resins
as a binder as WACKER such as
mixture with PIOLOFORM VINNOL
co-binders surface-
Polyester coating resins
resins
Polyurethanes,ketone resins
and maleates
Solvent Ethanol Ethanol Ketones White spirits
Ethyl acetate Ethyl acetate
Ketones
HDK grade HDK H13 HDK H13 HDK H13
HDK H15 HDK H15 HDK H15
HDK N20 HDK N20 HDK N20
HDKT30 HDKT30 HDKT30
HDK dosage 0.3 2 % 0.3 2 % 0.3 2 % 0.3 2 %
Printing Inks
In addition to their rheological perform-
ance, HDK grades fulfill the following
requirements in printing inks:
Problem-free transfer of the ink
onto the print medium
Better print image through sharp
half-tones
Fresh printed images do not smear
Regulation of water balance in
offset printing inks
Step 4Offset Printing
Step 4Flexographic and Gravure Printing
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Ink segment Water-reducible printing inks
Desired rheological profile Liquid or pasty printing inks used in flexographic printing
ANTI-SEDIMENTATION PROPERTIES
ANTI-SAG PROPERTIES
Resin Mostly acidic acrylic resins
Solvent DI water
Glycols
HDK
grade HDK
H30RMHDK H15
HDKT30
HDK dosage 0.5 1.0 %
Ink segment Silk-screen printing
Desired rheological profile ANTI-SAG PROPERTIES
ANTI-SEDIMENTATION PROPERTIES
Resin Vinyl chloride Epoxy resin Oil-dilutable Polyvinyl
copolymers Polyurethane varnish butyrals such
such as Alkyd resins as WACKER
VINNOL
PIOLOFORM
surface-
coating resins
Solvent Ketones Esters Hydrocarbons Ethanol
Alcohols Dipentene Ethyl acetate
Glycol ethers
Glycol ether
esters
HDK grade HDK H20RC
HDK H13 HDK H13 HDK H13
HDK H15 HDK H15 HDK H15
HDK N20 HDK N20
HDKT30 HDKT30
HDK dosage 0.3 1 % 0.3 1 % 0.3 1 % 0.3 1 %
Ink segment UV printing inks
Desired rheological profile Liquid or pasty printing inks used in flexographic printing
ANTI-SEDIMENTATION PROPERTIES
ANTI-SAG PROPERTIES
Resin Acrylic epoxy vinyl ether-dilutable monomers, oligomers and
prepolymers
Solvent
HDK grade HDK H13
HDK H15
HDK N20
HDK
T30HDK dosage 0.3 2 %
WACKER develops and produces key
products for technologies such as
electrophotography, laser and ink-jet
printing. If you would like to know more
about these innovative solutions,
contact one of our service engineers.
Step 4Silk-Screen Printing
Step 4UV Printing
Step 4Water-Dilutable Printing
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Verkaufsbros und Vertriebsge-
sellschaften
CUSTOMIZED SERVICE FOR
APPLICATION-DRIVEN SOLUTIONS
Compelling PerformanceThis brochure has shown you what
HDK can do for coating materials and
powder coatings of all kinds. To find out
more about HDK technical data, ask
for our product data sheets. WACKER
SILICONES can, of course, offer much
more in the fields of coatings and
printing inks. For our complete range in
this area, see our product overview. We
will be glad to send you a copy upon
request. Or just visit us on the internet
at www.wacker.com/hdk.
Customer-Oriented Service
Unique challenges require unique
solutions. That is why our technical
service engineers are here for you in
person. They understand your produc-
tion workflows and requirements and
know our products and their wide range
of benefits. With this background, we
can draw up exactly the solution you
need. In addition, our technical centers
in Europe, the USA and Asia have highlyadvanced testing and measuring systems
available for optimizing your products.
Just call us. We will be glad to help you,
wherever you are located.
Our Services:
Development of optimum rheological
performance in water-dilutable coating
materials
Development of hydrophobic HDK
grades, including reactive products,
tailored to your system
Rheometric measurements, rotation
and oscillation
Gas chromatography analyses
Surface tension determination
Electron microscopy (SEM, TEM, EDX)
Light microscopy
Metal analysis
Supplying economical and dust-
eliminating packaging and conveying
technologies
Global PresenceWACKER is present throughout the
world with production sites, technical
centers and sales offices. You can there-
fore count on our first-hand knowledge
of your regions markets and on our
ability to deliver precisely the products
and services you need. Quickly, flexibly
and professionally.
Our logistical network also extends
across the globe. At all our locations we
work together exclusively with highly
qualified, certified carriers who use the
latest equipment. Furthermore, all
delivery and transport movements are
recorded and evaluated by WACKER.
As a result, we can offer extremely short
delivery times and absolute reliability,
because we are only happy with our
quality if you are completely satisfied.
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WACKER
AT A GLANCE
WACKER SILICONES
is a leading supplier of complete silicone-
based solutions that comprise products,
services and conceptual approaches. As
a provider of solutions, the business divi-
sion helps customers press ahead withinnovations, exploit global markets fully,
and optimize business processes to
reduce overall costs and boost productiv-
ity. Silicones are the basis for products
offering highly diverse properties for vir-
tually unlimited fields of application, rang-
ing from the automotive, construction,
chemical, electrical engineering and elec-
tronics industries, through pulp and
paper, cosmetics, consumer care and
textiles, to mechanical engineering and
metal processing.
WACKER POLYMERS
is the global leader for high-quality bind-
ers and polymer additives. This business
divisions activities encompass construc-
tion chemicals and functional polymers
for lacquers, surface coatings and other
industrial applications, as well as basic
chemicals, i.e. acetyls. Products such
as dispersible polymer powders, disper-
sions, solid resins, powder binders and
surface coating resins from WACKER
POLYMERS are used in the construction,
automotive, paper and adhesives
industries, as well as by manufacturers
of printing inks and industrial coatings.
WACKER FINE CHEMICALS
is an expert in organic synthesis, silane
chemistry and biotechnology, providing
tailored solutions for its customers
in the life sciences and consumer care
industries. The range of innovative
products includes complex organic
intermediates, organosilanes, chiralproducts, cyclodextrins and amino acids.
With its comprehensive expertise,
WACKER FINE CHEMICALS is a preferred
partner for highly challenging custom-
manufacturing projects in the fields of
chemistry and biotechnology.
WACKER POLYSILICON
has been producing hyperpure silicon for
the semiconductor and photovoltaics
industries for over 50 years. As one of the
largest global manufacturers of polycrys-
talline silicon, WACKER POLYSILICON
supplies leading wafer and solar-cell
manufacturers.
Siltronic
is one of the worlds leading producers of
hyperpure silicon wafers, supplying manymajor chip manufacturers. Siltronic devel-
ops and produces wafers up to 300 mm
in diameter at facilities in Europe, the
USA, Asia and Japan. Silicon wafers form
the basis of state-of-the-art micro and
nanoelectronics used, for example, in
computers, telecommunications, motor
vehicles, medical technology, consumer
electronics and control systems.
WACKER
is a technological leader in the chemi-
cal and electrochemical industries and
a worldwide innovation partner to cus-
tomers in many key global sectors.
With around 14,400 employees,WACKER generated sales of EUR 2.76
billion in 2005. Germany accounted
for 21% of sales, Europe (excluding
Germany) for 31%, the Americas for
22% and Asia-Pacific, including
the rest of the world, for 26%.
Headquartered in Munich, Germany,
WACKER has some 20 production
sites worldwide and a global network
of over 100 sales offices.
With R&D spending at 5.3% of sales
in 2005, WACKER is among the worldsmost research-intensive chemical
companies.
06.
06
CREATING TOMORROWS SOLUTIONS
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6176e
/07
.06
Wacker Chemie AG
Hanns-Seidel-Platz 4
81737 Mnchen, Germany
hdk@wacker.com
www.wacker.com/hdk
Wacker ChemicalsTrading
(Shanghai) Co. Ltd.
31 F., Bank of China Tower
200 Yin Cheng Road Central
Pudong
P.R. China
Shanghai 200 120
Tel. +86 21 6100-3400
Fax +86 21 6100-3500
hdk@wacker.com
Wacker Chemical Corporation
3301 Sutton Road
Adrian, MI 49221-9397
USA
Tel. +1 517 264-8500
Fax +1 517 264-8246
hdk@wacker.com
www.wacker.com/hdk
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