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Author index
Aaronson, D. 168Abbot, D. 295Abdulla, M. 439Abrhamse, A. 133, 136Acland, T. 298Adams, T. 171Ahmad, F. 300, 456Akerlof, G. 597, 598Akiyama, Y. 89Alba, R. 132, 344, 346, 525Aldrich, H. 358, 432, 434Allison, P. D. 390Altonji, J. 165, 169–70Anderson, E. 127, 135, 138, 139, 303,
550, 598Anderson, M. 52Andrews, G. 113Anwar, M. 114, 241Appiah, K. A. 596Archer, A. 37Argys, L. M. 338Arnold, F. W. 367Arrow, K. J. 597Ashenfelter, O. 170, 561Ashford, D. E. 506Astone, N. M. 163
Bach, R. 1 110–11, 347, 359Bailey, T. 343Ball, W. 513Ballard, R. 179, 183, 194, 198, 301, 304Banfield, E. C. 476, 478, 491, 493Bank, J. 532Bankston, C. 141, 359Banton, M. 460Barett, G. 432–3Barker, M. 99Barrington, A. 105Bartlett, T. 31Basit, T. N. 297Becker, G. S. 210, 218Beckett, J. C. 24
Behrman, J. 163, 164, 165Beison, S. 223, 230, 233, 238, 243, 251,
505Bell, D. 3Beller, A. 163–4, 171Benin, M. 562Benn, S. I. 616Bensel, R. F. 501Ben-Tovim, G. 513Berends, M. 322Bernoth, A. 437Berrington, A. 106, 115, 196, 222Berry, J. M. 483, 485, 486–7, 493Berthoud, R. 103, 127–8, 222, 229–30,
239, 242, 243, 245, 248–50Beshers, J. M. 198Best, G. F. A. 31Bhachu, P. 439Biblarz, T. J. 529Blalock, H. 115Blanchflower, D. G. 526Blau, P. 522Bleich, E. 498, 510Blundell, R. 532Bobo, L. 114Bok, D. 263, 587, 588, 591, 595, 599Bonstead-Bruns, M. 133Boothman, C. 511, 512Boozer, M. A. 320Borjas, G. J. 205, 206, 208, 343, 371Bose, M. 437Bound, J. 169–70Bowen, W. G. 32, 263, 587, 588, 591, 595,
599Braddock, J. 322Brah, A. 45Brand, D. R. 489, 494Brewer, I. 338Brewer, M. 541–2, 563Bridges, A. 480, 489Brint, S. 272Britton, N. J. 562
618
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Cambridge University Press0521530016 - Ethnicity, Social Mobility, and Public Policy: Comparing the USA and UKEdited by Glenn C. Loury, Tariq Modood, and Steven M. TelesIndexMore information
Author index 619
Brooks, D. 419, 421Brooks-Gunn, J. 163, 164, 171Brown, C. 179, 222, 289, 365, 422Brown, M. 166Bryk, A. S. 324Bureau of Citizenship and Immigration
Services 70, 113Bureau of Justice Statistics 546, 563, 564Burstin, H. 557Burton, J. 294Butler, J. S. 599Buxton, L. 366Byron, M. 187, 188, 417
CAG Consultants 435Cai, G. 149Canny, N. 24, 25, 28, 30Canon, D. T. 54, 61Card, D. 263, 280, 337Carmichael, S. 460, 482Carr-Hill, R. 115Carrion, J. 113Carter, B. 41Carter, S. C. 327Case, A. 164, 204, 208Cash, W. J. 79CDC 89Centers for Disease Control 554, 565Champion, A. 426Charles, K. K. 528Chavez, L. 132Cheng, L. 132Cheng, Y. 363, 368, 388Chinatown Today Publishing 156Chinese-American Planning Council 156Chiswick, B. R. 132Chiteji, N. S. 529Choudhury, T. 616Cigler, A. J. 489Clancy, A. 115Clarke, C. G. 198, 442Cleaver, E. 460Clogg, C. C. 562Clunis, A. 295Coard, C. 461Cochran, S. 556–7Cochrane, R. 241Cockcroft, W. R. 34Cohen, P. 29, 32, 370Cohen, R. 97, 115, 437Coleman, D. 114, 222Coleman, J. S. 140, 337Coles, C. 564Colley, L. 31, 498Collins, C. 553
Collins, K. S. 554, 556–7Collins, W. 217, 220Colman, A. M. 103Colpi, T. 415Commission on Multi-Ethnic Britain 468Condon, C. 165Conley, D. 525, 529, 531, 561, 562Connerly, W. 591, 594, 599Connolly, P. 294Connor, H. 299Cook, S. B. 28, 33Corcoran, M. 164, 165–6, 171Cordero-Guzman, H. 114Cornell, S. 597, 616Coser, L. A. 490Coussey, M. 616Crane, J. 164Crewe, I. 502–3Crick, B. 491, 494Cross, M. 302, 303Cruse, H. 482Cullen, J. 550Curtin, P. D. 69, 498Curtis, B. 35Cutler, D. 125, 126, 172, 204, 208, 217,
218, 219, 220, 597, 598
Dahrendorf, R. 489, 491Dale, A. 363Daly, M. 425Daniel, W. 222Danziger, S. 264Darling-Hammond, L. 320Datcher, L. 164, 165, 166Datcher-Loury, L. 163, 164Davenport, A. 529Davis, D. B. 78Davis, F. J. 113Davis, J. A. 265Day, T. 437Deane, S. 25Delaney, B. 338Dench, G. 232, 563Denton, M. 88Denton, N. A. 135, 189, 190, 191, 192,
204, 208, 531, 540Der-Martirosian, C. 348Dhondy, F. 463Dickens, W. T. 312Dillon, R. H. 144Dobbin, F. 387, 509Dodd, P. 32Dohan, D. P. 281Dominguez, V. 113Dorsey, J. 113
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Cambridge University Press0521530016 - Ethnicity, Social Mobility, and Public Policy: Comparing the USA and UKEdited by Glenn C. Loury, Tariq Modood, and Steven M. TelesIndexMore information
620 Author index
Douglas, R. M. 39–40Dreeben, R. 338Drew, D. 115, 289, 296Drilea, S. K. 553DSS 247Dubourdieu, E. 513Duncan, B. 189Duncan, G. 163, 165–6, 171, 318, 522Duncan, O. D. 189, 198, 265Dunn, T. 165, 169–70Durr, M. 369
Eade, J. 179Easterbrook, G. 489Economist 113Edley, C. Jr. 504Edwards, J. 513Edwards, R. 223, 232Eggebeen, D. J. 562Eggers, M. 172Eide, E. 165, 171Ellen, I. G. 208Ellis, P. 464Ellwood, D. T. 336, 541, 563Elshtain, J. B. 493Elster, J. 597Elton, G. R. 29Engerman, S. 76Epstein, R. 597Erie, S. E. 11, 478, 481, 486, 493Erikson, E. 141Erikson, R. 2, 268, 522Ermisch, J. 251Esping-Andersen, G. 366Etzioni, A. 62Eurobarometer 416Evans, P. 318, 423Evans, W. 167
Fainstein, N. 352Fainstein, S. 352Farley, R. 596Farrington, D. 547–8, 564Favell, A. 498Featherman, D. L. 169, 170, 267Ferguson, R. F. 127, 128, 318, 320, 321,
325, 337, 338Fernandez-Kelly, M. P. 139, 155Feuer, A. 64Fevre, R. 418–19Fieldhouse, E. A. 363Fielding, S. 37Finley 322Finnegan, F. 34Fiorina, M. P. 487
Fischer, C. S. 262, 266, 280Fisher, G. 105, 115, 364Fishkin, J. S. 597Fitzgerald, M. 100, 115Flynn, J. R. 312Foner, D. 78, 114Foner, N. 114, 371Foot, P. 502Forbes, I. 504, 511Fordham, S. 136, 338Franklin, J. H. 113Frazier, E. F. 113Frean, A. 302Freeman, G. P. 512Freeman, R. 548–9, 566Friedman, D. 554Frisbie, W. P. 366Fryer, P. 26, 417Frymer, P. 503, 508Fukuyama, F. 134Fund, J. H. 54
Galster, G. C. 218, 219Gamoran, A. 322, 338Gans, H. J. 133Ganz, M. 493Gardner, K. 370Garet, M. S. 338Gates, J. 469Gatewood, J. V. 141Gay, P. 365Geiger, K. 501Genovese, E. F. 79George, N. 333Ghai, D. P. 436, 438Ghaill, M. 295Gilbertson, G. 95, 114, 348Gillborn, D. 289, 294–5, 300, 305, 442Gilmour, J. B. 494Gilroy, P. 45, 115, 461, 463, 468Ginther, D. 168Gipps, C. 289, 294, 300, 442Girvan, N. 91Glaeser, E. L. 125, 126, 172, 204, 208,
217, 218, 219, 220, 597, 598Glass, R. 187Glazer, N. 3, 65, 476Glynn, S. 39Goffman, E. 583Gold, S. 360Golding, J. 555Goldscheider, C. 136Goldthorpe, J. 2, 268, 522Good, T. L. 323, 338Gordon, M. 132, 342, 346
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Cambridge University Press0521530016 - Ethnicity, Social Mobility, and Public Policy: Comparing the USA and UKEdited by Glenn C. Loury, Tariq Modood, and Steven M. TelesIndexMore information
Author index 621
Gorman, C. P. 103Gottschalk, P. 264Goulbourne, H. 28, 41, 43, 114, 465Graham, H. D. 504, 507–8, 516, 517Granovetter, M. 139, 360Grant, L. 173Gray, J. 289, 296Greeley, A. M. 132Green, A. 424Green, M. 41Greenstein, R. 562Greenwald, R. 320, 337Grieco, M. 360Griliches, Z. 169–70Grimshaw, W. C. 476, 480, 493Gross, A. B. 172, 531Grossman, J. R. 501Gurak, D. 348
Hack, M. 565Hagell, A. 296Hale, C. 115Hall, A. 554, 556Hall, B. 169–70Hall, C. 31, 33Hall, S. 115, 468, 469Haller, E. J. 338Hallinan, M. 338Halpern, R. 41Hamilton, C. V. 460, 482, 486, 493Hansen, R. 498, 501, 502, 510Hao, L. 133Hargreaves, M. 565Harris, A. 437Harris, C. 115Harris, M. 113Hartmann, D. 597, 616Haskey, J. 232Hauser, R. M. 163, 164, 169, 170, 267,
279, 310Haveman, R. 163, 164, 170Haycock, K. 327, 337Heath, A. 22, 115, 127, 363, 370, 502Heckman, J. 374Heclo, H. 484, 486, 490Hedges, L. V. 320, 337Helweg, A. 438Helweg, U. 438Henriques, F. 113Hepple, B. 616Herbert, C. E. 532Hernstein, R. J. 312Hess, B. 115Hickman, M. 8, 22, 31, 34, 35–6, 42, 178,
180, 365, 498, 499, 501
Hill, M. 163, 165–6, 171Hiro, D. 26, 28, 459Hirsch, A. 562Hirschman, A. O. 483, 487Hirschman, C. 132Hodge, R. W. 366, 561Hoetink, H. 113Hoffman, S. 167Hogan, D. P. 562Hoggart, R. 37Holdsworth, C. 363Holland, J. 91Holmes, C. 41, 416Home Office 546, 564Honeyford, R. 512Horowitz, D. 523Hout, M. 127, 281Huang, M. 310Huang, S. 327, 337Hudson, L. 320Hume, D. 25, 26Huntington, S. P. 478, 487, 493Hurst, E. 528Husband, C. 114Hylland, A. 597
Iacovou, M. 226–8, 244, 251Ihlandfeldt, K. R. 204Investment Company Institute 528Ireland, P. R. 504
Jacobson, M. F. 60, 498, 562James, D. R. 500James, W. 115Janowitz, M. 478Jargowsky, P. A. 88, 114Jasper, L. 295Jaynes, G. D. 131, 263Jefferson, O. 91Jeffery, P. 438Jencks, C. 114, 161, 166, 309Jensen 359Jerald, C. 327, 337Johnson, W. R. 309Johnston, M. F. 139Joint Center for Housing Studies 530–1,
532Jones, T. 104, 289, 432–3, 434Jones-Correa, M. 493Jowett, A. J. 389Judd, D. 28Juliani, R. 141
Kahn, K. 557Kain, J. F. 204
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Cambridge University Press0521530016 - Ethnicity, Social Mobility, and Public Policy: Comparing the USA and UKEdited by Glenn C. Loury, Tariq Modood, and Steven M. TelesIndexMore information
622 Author index
Kalmijn, M. 94, 163, 164Kalra, V. S. 183, 195Kane, T. 163, 171, 280–1Kaplan, D. 358Kapur, N. 31Karabel, J. 272Karageorgis, S. 349Karen, D. 280Kasinitz, P. 94, 493Kass, B. L. 556Katsnelson, I. 114Katz, L. 164, 204, 208, 219, 562, 566Katznelson, I. 477, 478, 479–80, 488, 493,
501, 502, 512, 513, 514Keith, M. 179Keith, V. M. 562Kelling, G. 564Key, V. O. Jr. 503Khan, Z. 204Kibria, N. 131Kiernan, K. 238Kiker, B. F. 165Kim, C. J. 494Kim, I. 359King, W. 74Kirschenman, J. 135Kleiman, M. 551Klein, N. K. 565Kling, J. R. 219, 562, 566Kohl, H. 136Kohn, H. 25Komesar, N. K. 483Kotkin, J. 440Krausz, E. 38Krein, S. 163–4, 171Krueger, A. 170, 263, 280, 319–20, 337Kryder, D. 501Kuepper, W. 436Kulik, J. A. 324, 338Kuo, C.-L. 142, 144, 145, 151Kuo, H. D. 163, 164, 169, 170Kureshi, H. 470Kurtz, K. 555Kwong, P. 148Kymlicka, W. 466
Lackey, G. 436Ladd, H. F. 219, 318, 321, 337Ladipo, D. 364Laine, R. D. 320, 337Land, H. 238, 243Landale, N. S. 133Lang, K. 166, 167Langan, P. 547–8, 564Lankford, H. 337
Lashmar, P. 437Laub, J. 544–5, 563Lawrence, B. 262Lazear, E. P. 319Lebow, N. 24Lee, E. S. 371Lee, T. R. 192Lee, V. E. 324LeGrand, J. 558–9Lemann, N. 481, 493, 501, 525Lennon, M. 37Leonard, M. 468Leslie, D. 363Levine, D. 168Levine, P. B. 526Levitt, P. 92, 114Levitt, S. 550Lewis, G. 22, 37Lewis, J. 238Lewis, O. 134Ley, D. 436Li, J. H. 166, 171Lichter, M. 360Lieberman, R. 9, 365, 455, 498, 499, 500,
513Lieberson, S. 56, 59, 198, 218, 345, 349,
366Liebman, J. B. 219, 562, 566Light, I. 345, 348, 349, 368, 370Lim, N. 352–3, 367Lin, J. 148Lipset, S. M. 365Lissenburgh, S. 300Loevy, R. D. 507Loewn, J. 78Logan, J. R. 346, 347, 369, 525Long, J. S. 284Looney, R. E. 91Loury, G. C. 5, 45, 140, 155, 326, 343,
575, 586, 596, 597, 598, 599, 616Loury, L. 127, 128, 129Lovejoy 69Loveless, T. 322, 324Lowenthal, D. 113Lowi, T. 478, 493Lubuele, L. S. 598Lucas, S. R. 280Ludwig, J. 219, 318Lundberg, S. J. 562Lustgarten, L. 513Luthra, M. 114Lyon, A. 512
Maan, B. 30MacEwen, M. 365, 511, 512, 513
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Cambridge University Press0521530016 - Ethnicity, Social Mobility, and Public Policy: Comparing the USA and UKEdited by Glenn C. Loury, Tariq Modood, and Steven M. TelesIndexMore information
Author index 623
Macey, J. R. 484MacFarlane, A. 555MacLeod, D. 133Maddala, G. S. 374Manning, P. 69, 113Manski, C. 166, 168Mare, R. D. 264Mare, R. G. 338Marett, V. 436Margo, R. A. 217, 218, 220Marsden, P. V. 265Marx, A. W. 498, 499Mason, D. 305Massey, D. S. 126, 135, 172, 189, 190,
191, 204, 208, 360, 478, 531, 540Massey, M. 88Mattoso, Q. 84Mayer, S. 161Mays, V. 556–7McAdam, M. 37McConnell, G. 513McCrudden, C. 513, 517McEvoy, D. 358, 432–3McFarland, A. S. 487, 493McGarry, K. 529McKay, S. 232McKinnon, J. 114McLanaham, S. 163, 164McMahon, D. 22, 115, 363, 370McNulty, T. L. 346McWilliams, W. C. 493Mead, G. 504, 511Mehta, U. S. 318, 337, 501Melnick, R. S. 484Menski, W. 616Messina, A. M. 503, 510, 512Metcalf, H. 434, 442Metz, M. H. 322Mickey, R. 456Miles, R. 24, 32, 40Miller, E. 114Miller, G. P. 484Mills, E. S. 598Mirza, H. 294, 305Model, S. 22, 94, 95, 104, 105, 114, 115,
364, 368, 371, 389Modood, T. 3, 127, 179, 185, 222, 223,
230, 233, 238, 239, 242, 243, 250, 251,289, 295, 296, 297, 298, 299, 300, 302,303, 304, 305, 306, 434, 442, 454, 455,461, 464, 465–6, 467–8, 473, 502, 513,533, 538–9, 545, 554–5, 563, 616
Moffitt, R. 166Mohammed, P. 114Mollenkopf, J. 110, 115
Monheit, A. C. 556Moore, R. 3, 179, 187, 416Morgan, E. 77Morgan, G. 32Morner, M. 113Mortimore, P. 294, 302Moser, C. 91Moskos, C. C. 599Moynihan, D. P. 3, 476, 564Murphy, J. 35Murphy, M. 115Murray, C. 312Muslim Parliament of Great Britain 467Myrdal, G. 317, 515
Nairn, T. 30National Journal 494Nazroo, J. Y. 558–9, 565Neal, D. 309Neckerman, K. M. 135Nee, V. 344, 347–8, 359, 370Neidert, L. 366Neuhaus, C. 554, 556Newburn, T. 295Nisbet, R. 494Nisbett, R. E. 312Noonan, J. 89Nossiter, A. 94Nownes, A. J. 489Nozick, R. 599
O Grada, C. 34O’Brien, J. 37O’Regan 172Oakes, J. 322, 324Oates, W. 167Observer 512Office of National Statistics 538, 539,
546Okazaki, S. 136Oliver, M. L. 526, 527–8, 529, 562Omi, M. 114, 500Oostindie, G. 113OPCS 290Orfield, G. 318Orloff, A. S. 499Oropesa, R. S. 133Orszag, P. 562Ousey, G. 550Owen, C. 294, 302Owen, D. 195, 297, 298, 424, 505
P. E. P. 179Pagden, A. 25, 28Page, M. 170
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Cambridge University Press0521530016 - Ethnicity, Social Mobility, and Public Policy: Comparing the USA and UKEdited by Glenn C. Loury, Tariq Modood, and Steven M. TelesIndexMore information
624 Author index
Painter, G. 168Pallas, A. M. 338Parekh, B. 129, 468, 616Parsons, L. 555Pathak, S. 298Patterson, O. 73, 74–5, 76, 87, 88, 92,
113, 114, 115, 127–8, 195, 200, 228,595, 598
Patterson, S. 420Paul, K. 40, 42, 44, 498, 502, 597Peach, C. 13, 71, 98, 104, 114, 125, 126,
179, 180–3, 187, 188, 190–2, 198, 201,228, 414, 418, 427, 442, 469, 538
Penn, R. 300Perkins, A. 114Perlmann, J. 133Peters, H. E. 171Peters, R. S. 616Petersen, W. 488Peterson, P. E. 513Philips, D. 34Phillips, B. 360Phillips, M. 309, 311–12, 470, 471Phillips, T. 295, 470, 471Philpott, T. L. 180Phizacklea, A. 368Phoenix, A. 294, 302Pilkington, A. 295Piore, M. J. 346, 478, 488Pitt, G. 616Plotnick, R. 167Polednak, A. 553Porter, E. 54Porter, K. 541Portes, A. 95, 133, 136, 140, 141, 343,
345, 346–8, 358, 359Portocarero, L.Powell, B. 163Powell, W. 360Premdas, R. 113Priestley, J. B. 37Prior, G. 250, 372, 375Putnam, R. D. 483
Quigley 172Qureshi, T. 297
Radbill, L. 390Raftery, A. E. 281, 529Ram, M. 368Ramchandani, R. 439Raspberry, W. 483Rattansi, P. 439Raudenbush, S. W. 166, 321Rees, D. I. 338
Reichmann, R. 85Rex, J. 3, 179, 187, 365, 416, 502Ribar, D. 164Rice, P. 424Richardson, R. 294, 304Ridge, J. M.Rischin, M. 344Roach, P. 114Robbins, K. 32Roberts, J. 363Robinson, C. 460Robinson, V. 181, 368, 381, 414, 416,
422, 426, 429, 430, 436, 438Rockman, B. A. 514Rodgers, J. 172Rodriguez, C. 52, 55–6, 61, 62, 114Roediger, D. 78Romich, J. 563Rong, X. L. 173Rose, D. L. 365Rose, E. J. B. 423, 498Rosenbaum 164Rouse, C. 170, 561Rowlingson, K. 232Rumbaut, R. G. 133, 141, 358Ryan, S. 113
Sacks, V. 616Saggar, S. 502Salt, J. 114, 222Sampson, R. 544–5, 563Sandberg, N. C. 132Sandefur, G. 163, 164Sandel, M. 597Sanders, J. 347–8, 359, 370Saxonhouse, A. W. 488Scarman 179Scattergood 300Schmidt, S. W. 493Schmitt, E. 54, 61, 62–3Schnur, D. 489Schoen, C. 560Schuck, P. H. 493Schumann, H. 262Schwab, R. 167Schwartz, F. 322Scott, J. C. 475–8, 481, 485, 493Scully, J. 22Semmel, B. 501Sen, A. 597, 616Sensenbrenner, J. 140, 343, 358Sewell, T. 134, 169, 295Shah, S. 187Shapiro, M. 493Shapiro, T. M. 526, 527–8, 529, 562
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Cambridge University Press0521530016 - Ethnicity, Social Mobility, and Public Policy: Comparing the USA and UKEdited by Glenn C. Loury, Tariq Modood, and Steven M. TelesIndexMore information
Author index 625
Shaw, C. 296Shaw, J. 616Shefter, B. M. 479, 485, 492, 493Shefter, M. 501Shibuya, K. 531Shihadeh, E. 550Shiner, M. 289, 298, 299, 306Shklar, J. 523Showalter, M. 165, 171Shukra, K. 460, 462Shukur, A. 370Sierra, C. M. 485Silberman, R. 364Sime, N. 289, 296Simpson, S. 372Singh, K. 421Sivanandan, A. 460, 463Sjoquist, D. L. 204Skellington, R. 114, 503Skerry, P. 14, 56, 57, 453, 454–5, 485,
493, 494Skocpol, T. 482, 491, 493, 499, 564Skrentny, J. D. 452, 491, 504, 508, 516Slavin, R. E. 322Smaje, C. 558–9Small, S. 365Smeeding, T. 542Smith, D. 115, 179, 222, 423, 544–6Smith, D. J. 289Smith, J. P. 365, 532Smith, M. G. 113Smith, P. 250, 372, 375Smith, R. M. 498, 515Smith, T. W. 265Smith-Doerr, L. 360Social Trends 424, 432Solomos, J. S. 513Solon, G. 165, 169–70, 210Song, M. 223, 232Soong, R. 84Sorensen, A. B. 338Sowell, T. 93, 370, 598Spaulding, J. 164Spenser, E. 25Squires, P. 34, 38Srinivasan, S. 433Stack, C. B. 562Stafford, F. P. 529Stanley, S. 136Starz, R. 562Statham, P. 467Steckel, R. H. 74Steeh, C. 262Steelman, L. C. 163Stein, J. 509
Steinberg, L. 133Steinberg, S. 136Steinmo, S. 500, 503, 512Stephens, E. H. 91Stephens, J. D. 91Stepick, A. 358Stevens, D. 360Stewart, M.Stone 114Stopes-Roe, M. 241Substance Abuse and Mental Health
Services Administration 546Sugrue, T. 562, 598Sullivan, J. G. 556–7Sullivan, T. 95, 114Sung, B. L. 144, 151Sutton, J. R. 509Swann, M. 289Swift, R. 34Swinerton, E. 436
Tabili, L. 501Taeuber, A. F. 218Taeuber, K. E. 218Tambs-Lyche, H. 437Taubman, P. 163, 164, 165Taylor, C. 462, 466, 597Taylor, H. G. 565Taylor, M. 294Taylor, P. 300Teachman, J. 163, 164Teles, S. 456, 493, 503, 505, 512, 551Telles, E. E. 84, 85Thelen, K. 500Thernstrom, A. 54, 598, 599Thernstrom, S. 132Thomas, W. 493Thurow, L. C. 366Tichenor, D. 8Tilly, C. 360, 597Times 512Tomes 210Tomlinson, S. 289, 365, 502Tonry, M. 599Troyna, B. 115Ture, K. 493Turner, M. A. 208Twaddle, M. 436
Ueda, R. 58UK Census 102UK Home Office 103UNAIDS 92UNDP 90United Nations 504
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Cambridge University Press0521530016 - Ethnicity, Social Mobility, and Public Policy: Comparing the USA and UKEdited by Glenn C. Loury, Tariq Modood, and Steven M. TelesIndexMore information
626 Author index
United States Office of the President 596US Bureau of the Census 263, 264US Census Bureau 114US Department of Commerce 563US Department of Education 263US Department of Justice 114, 551
Valeny, R. 436, 444Valenzuela, A. 140Vamplew, T. 179Vernez, G. 133, 136Vertovec, S. 442Vickerman, M. 95–6, 114Vigdor, J. 125, 126, 204, 217, 218, 219,
220Vigil, J. D. 151Virdee, S. 223, 230, 233, 238, 243, 251,
295, 434, 442Visram, R. 27, 28, 417
Wagley, C. 113Waldinger, R. 131, 135, 343, 349, 352,
358, 359, 360, 368, 369, 419, 434, 452,489, 493, 561, 598
Waler, B. 22Walker, J. L. 483Walvin, J. 418Walzer, M. 487, 489Ward, R. 434Warren, M. R. 493Warren, T. 562Waters, M. C. 59, 95, 114Weaver, R. K. 514Weigers, M. E. 553Weinick, R. M. 556Weisbrod, B. A. 483Weisner, T. 563Welch, F. R. 365Werbner, P. 434–5, 473Westergaard, J. 187Western, J. 417Whitmore, D. 319–20Widgren, J. 363
Wilison, J. Q. 476, 478, 491, 493Williams, D. 553Williams, F. 38Williams, R. 263Williamson, J. 113Wilson, J. Q. 484, 490, 493, 547, 550Wilson, K. 345Wilson, W. J. 134, 135, 136, 138, 204,
217, 235, 597, 598Winant, H. 114, 500Winship, C. 390, 564Wojtkeiwicz, R. 163, 164, 166, 171Wolfe, B. 163, 164, 170Wolff, E. N. 526, 528Wolfinger, R. E. 492Wolkon, S. 320Wong, B. P. 142Wong, M. G. 132Wood, A. 294, 304Wood, G. S. 491Woods 192Woodward, C. V. 500Wrench, J. 297Wyatt-Brown, B. 79Wytrwal, J. A. 132
Yancey, W. 141Yang, P. Q. 132Yelvington, K. 113Youdell, D. 295Young, I. M. 466Young, K. 502, 513Younge, G. 469Yun, S. 151
Zagorsky, J. 166, 167Zhou, M. 12, 125, 126, 128, 133, 136,
141, 142, 143, 145, 148, 149, 156, 206,303, 347, 358, 359, 369, 388
Zimmerman, D. 165, 526Zipp, J. F. 369Znaniecki, F. 493Zuckerman, A. S. 136
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Subject index
Abbot, Diane, MP 463ability grouping 322
impact on black–white achievement322–3
misplacement of black students 324with equal curriculum and teacher
quality 323–4Act of Union (1536) 29Act of Union (1707)
and religionand trade 30
Act of Union (1801) 21, 30, 31Addams, Jane 493affirmative action 365, 369, 499, 505,
508–9, 512, 614–15Californian campaign against 591controversy over 504, 615elite higher education 586, 595, 616race blindness or race egalitarianism 587Texas college admissions 589
African-American civil rights movement81
African-American exceptionalism 13, 65African-American population 69
anti-scholastic influences 303effect of US political machine 479–81movement from South to North 72, 501poverty 87preservation of one-drop rule 87segregation of 88terrorization of 76trends in education 269–72, 279urbanization of 72see also employment discrimination,
ethnic economy, schoolingAfrican-American segregation
contrast with British Caribbeans 189–93African ancestry, diaspora population 67–9African-Asians in Britain
broad description 126changes in educational attainment
288–90, 291–3
higher qualifications 293–4marriage rates 240mixed marriage 241–2modern individualism or old-fashioned
values 249three-generation households 244–5
African emigration 71African-American exceptionalism 13, 65Africans in Britain, educational
qualifications 291–3, 297Afro-Caribbean Creole, changing
reputation of 81Afro-Caribbean population
comparative performance in USA andBritain 93–4
comparison between earlier and laterwaves of migrants 95–6
mobility 71urbanization of 72
Afro-Caribbean system 79–82AIDS, see HIVAlexander, Clifford L. 517Alfred P. Sloan Foundation 360Aliens Act (1905) 38Aliens Order (1920) 38American census
ancestry 59distinction between white and black
52distinction by place of birth 58history of 51information on rate and ethnicity 50long form 53mixed race choices 62–3requirements of Congress 53segregation measurement 207short form and hispanicity 52–3
Andrew W. Mellon Foundation 284Anglo-Irish Treaty 40Anglo-Norman invasion of Ireland (1169)
23, 24Anonymity Axiom 574, 584, 586
627
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628 Subject index
anti-apartheid movement, influence onBritain 459
Anti-Catholicismin British education system 36
anti-essentialism 575Anti-Nazi League 470anti-Semitism, in Britain 38Aristotle 606Asian and Pacific Islander category, in
US census 38, 57Asian hybridity 470Asian immigrants
advantages of 133comparison between USA and Britain
181educational attainment 136intergenerational mobility 173residential segregation 61in US census 56
Asian trajectory 302–3Asians, political blackness of 461–3asset accumulation 524, 561
educational attainment 525family structure 538group assets from abroad 540importance of 524–5non-African black decline 512, 537–9Pakistanis 538public policy 540–3self-employment rates 525, 530single-parent households 529stock ownership 528–9see also asset ownership, social mobility
asset ownership in USA 526–7of black middle class 527–8and family structure 529level of parents’ generation 529
assimilation theory 342associational identity, and ethnicity 469asylum seekers, see refugeesAttlee, C. 41
Bahamas, HIV infection 92BBC, poll on racial attitudes 108–9BBC series, Windrush 470Becker, Gary, labour market model
257–8Beer Act (1848) 34Bell Curve, the 312Bentham, Jeremy 603, 616Billboard Magazine 334binary mode 67, 76–9
change in 87Birmingham, Bishop of, and Irish
immigrants 39
black Americans, and geographicalconcentration 13
black identity 460–1and British identity 468and racial identity 461Asians 461–3
black youth culture, effect on USA testscores 332–5
blacks in USA 50, 126comparison with UKexploitation of labour 73external uniformities 110–11first minority group 55ingrained view of non-blacks 73intermarriage statistics 63internal uniformities 111opportunities for 111–12separation in census 51
blacks, in Latin America 112black–white achievement gap 336
and integration 318blanqueamiento 67, 82–6, 112Boateng, Paul, MP 463Brazil
population of African ancestry 68shades of skin colour 79, 115worst system 85
Brazilian Institute of Geography andStatistics 79, 115
brickmaking, immigrant labour 420Britain, population of African ancestry 69,
96assimilation and changing attitudes
109–10class distinction 97migration from Caribbean 70, 98multiethnic groups 99move to end immigration 100new racism 99political involvement 100positive trends 103–4, 108segregation 104separation of identity 100ungendered nature of racism 98and “whiteness” 97–8see also intermarriage
Britain, terminological definition 21British Empire, and immigration policy 8British Hotels and Restaurants
Association, immigrant labour 419British Household Panel Survey 562British identity 468, 471
and war with France 31British Rail, employers of immigrant
labour 183, 421
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Subject index 629
British Raj 28Brixton riots 462Bronx High School of Science 150Brown v. Board of Education, US
Supreme Court ruling 317, 579Burton, Philip 516bus companies, immigrant labour 418,
421, 424business development, of Chinese
immigrants 143business networks, merchant ideology 438bussing, of schoolchildren 318
Califano, Joe 516Campaign Against Racial Discrimination
(CARD) 459, 460car industry, immigrant labour 418, 420,
421Cardoso, Fernando Henrique, President of
Brazil 86Caribbean, economies of 90Caribbeans
bicultural aspiration 81cultural bias towards Britain 107–8independence 86migration to America 69–70, 86migration to Europe 70, 86nonwhite elites 80–1population of African ancestry 69,
79Caribbeans in Britain
British economic indicators 181–3British-born 181, 183broad description 126, 178, 179changing values 249color identity 465contrast with USA 180, 200–1, 228
residential segregation 189–93, 228employment 183–5, 260family relationships of young men 234
and employment 235, 239family structure 185geographical concentration 13new trends in ethnic identity 469–70nonresident fathers 233–4, 238pattern of education attainment 288–90
higher qualifications 293–4, 297from new universities 298–9young males 294–6, 305
single mothers 230–3size and composition of population 180,
181socioeconomic change 192–3, 199see also intermarriage, social class
Castro, Fidel 56
categorical inequality 597catering, Italian immigrants 415Catholic Church
denationalization of Irish 35subjection in England 29
Catholic Emancipation Act 31Catholic Emancipation campaignCatholics, universal suffrage 30cease-and-desist orders 508, 516Census Integrated Public Use Microdata
Samples (IPUMS) 207, 208, 218occupation scores 212
centralization, of British state 32chain migration 416, 417Chicago political machine 476
and blacks 479–80Children of the National Longitudinal
Survey of Youth 311Children’s Defense Fund (CDF) 482Chinatown (New York)
career training 144civic institutions 144–7density and diversity of
community-based institutions143–4
ethnic interaction 148–54group orientation 141–3, 303religious institutions 146social mobility 154–5
Chinatown History Museum 145Chinese Consolidated Benevolent
Association (CCBA) 144–5Chinese Exclusion Act 142Chinese immigrants in Britain 179, 181
educational attainment 289–90higher qualifications 293–4, 297,
298–9and intergenerational changes 291–3politics 472
employment 183intermarriage 194politics 472
Chinese immigrants in USAadvantages of 133broad description 127census 57, 144–6community values 152–3
in education 153comparison with UK 364see also Chinatown, educational
attainmentChinese-American Planning Council
(CAPC) 145choice, based on perceived group averages
4–5
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630 Subject index
Church of England, and anti-Catholicism31, 35, 39
citizenship, and immigration 40, 41–3Civil Rights Act (1964) 53, 317, 336, 365,
499, 505, 506, 508, 511, 579opposition to 597
civil rights movement in USA 86, 262,454–5
black collective agency 460–1challenge to political machine 481disadvantages for minorities 482–4failure to eradicate effects of past
discrimination 583–4influence on Britain 459, 460platform for political influence for
African-Americans 501civilization
and exploitation 28–9and race 26strategy in Britain
civilization project, Ireland 24Clark, Ramsey 516class attendance, and black youth culture
332class size, and educational achievement
319–20class status, importance in enclaves 138,
150see also social capital
class system, in Britain 32clothing and footwear industry, immigrant
labour 421Cold War, and political machine 476collective action, capacity to organize for
2–3collective socialization models 161Colombia, population of African ancestry
69Colonial Office 501colonialism
and British attitudes 21–3, 416India 27–9Ireland 23–5, 30West Indies 25–7
Colonization Society 71color blindness
and compelling interest 594and racial inequality 577–8, 584–5,
592color prejudice
in Caribbean 80, 81in Southern Caribbean 82see also blanqueamiento, racism
Commission for Racial Equality (CRE)505, 510–11, 512–13
Common Cause 483, 493Commonwealth, and immigration policy 8Commonwealth Immigrants Act (1968)
42Commonwealth Immigration Act (1962)
42, 43Community Relations Councils 511community relations policies 502community service, immigration provision
415competition models 161conformity models 161Congress, transformation post-civil rights
movement 484Conservative government
immigration controls 458Conservative Party
anti-Catholicism 35English dominance 30political consensus 502white voters 503
construction industry, and Office ofFederal Contract Compliance508
Conyers, John, Jr. 516corporatism 488–9crime 524, 530, 561
African-Americansimprisonment 546victims of crime 89, 546
Afro-Caribbeans 544effect of family structure 545imprisonment 546unemployment 545victims of crime 546
effect on social mobility 542–4effect on surburbanization 550labour market 548
and punishment 549prison population 544, 547South Asians 544US and British rates 547, see also
drug-related crimecrime rates
Britain 103homicide 103
Jamaica 91see also drug use, drug-related crime,
street gangscriminal justice system, impact on ethnic
minorities 550–1USA and Britain compared 547–8
Cromwell, Oliver, invasion of Ireland, andJamaica 25
Cuban immigrant enclaves 345–6
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Subject index 631
Cuban immigrants to USA 56culture
and community organizations 147and poverty 134and structural factors 136see also ethnic effect
Current Population Survey 265, 360
Daley, Mayor Richard J. 476, 480, 481,493
death rates, of American blacks 553decentralization
in Britain 11of US politics 9, 10
Democratic Partyelectoral coalition 501representatation of African-Americans
503Dependent Care Tax Credit 542deportation, of immigrants 43Depression, and political machine 476Deptford campaign march 470developmental models 160Diggs, Charles C. 516DINKYs 226discrimination
against black firm owners 526attitude of organizations 613concept of 579contract or contact 579–81effect on employment 257laws against 365, 387, 612in “old” British universities 299–300racial justice 591selective 366
by British and American employers364, 382, 387
see also affirmative actiondiscrimination paradigm 4dispersion, and upward mobility 343disruptive behaviour, in schools 319district boundaries, and race statistics
53–4diversity, value of 237drug use
in black population 89in Britain 103in Jamaica 91
drug-related crimein Britain 544disproportionate imprisonment in USA
and Britain 546–7, 599
Early Childhood Longitudinal Study 311,312, 313, 314, 315, 319
Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) 540–3,561, 563
earnings inequality, backgroundcharacteristics 161
earnings, of ethnic minorities, comparisonof USA and Britain 378, 385–6
East India Company 27–8economic attainment of ethnic minorities,
USA and Britain 363, 378–81,386–7
cultural differences of settlers 370changing values 370data on 372–4, 388–9
opportunity in USA 365and demographic composition 367selectivity of migration 371–2
social class background 370–1see also discrimination, earnings, ethnic
economy employment, queuingtheory, occupational status,unemployment
economic developmentChinatown 143, 147effect on ethno-somatic systems 86
economic migrants 8economic restructuring, of ethnic group
135economic transformation in Britain,
immigrant labour 418Economist, The 109Edelman, Marion Wright 482education policy in 19th-century Britain,
Irish immigrants 36education production function studies
337Education Reform Act (1988) 37Education Trust 337educational attainment
African-American gender gap 88British ethnic minorities 102, 260,
288–90changing situation of women 243Chinese belief in 143
bicultural conflicts 151–2commitment to 296–7high expectations 146–7, 150, 153and effect of family income 277
as indicator of social mobility 523Ordered Logit Model 281–4and parents 266–7partnerships in Britain 235polarities 304–5social class 300–2teacher test scores 320–1trends in 269–74
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632 Subject index
educational attainment (cont.)see also African-Asians in Britain, Asian
immigrants, Chinese immigrants inBritain, Hispanics in USA, Indians,Irish immigrants in Britain, Jewishimmigrants, Pakistanis andBangladeshis in Britain, SouthAsians, test score disparity
educational mobility, interaction ofancestry and class 265, 273–6,277–8, 279–81
see also educational attainment, socialorigins
educational opportunityaffirmative action 586African-American exclusion 263–4focus of civil rights movement 262methods of improvement 281postwar trends in America 264
educational qualificationsin Britain and America 374of British ethnic minoritiesand British labour marketgained abroad
Educational Testing Service 329electoral college 502Elizabethan settlers, in Ireland 24emancipation 27, 336Empire Windrush, the 180, 471employers, and discrimination 257, 258–9employment, in Britain
females 184–5sectoral shifts and immigrant labour
423–5socioeconomic position of immigrants
183employment discrimination policy
comparison of USA and Britain 499,504, 514–16
enforcement of 504–5government authority 503historical effects
on African-Americans 500–1on colonial subjects abroad 501–2on minority groups and political
institutions 500institutional dimensions 506, 514
Britain 509–14USA 506–9
see also affirmative actionenforcement, and political machine 476engineering, immigrant labour 418, 420,
421Equal Employment Opportunity
Commission 507–9, 511–12, 516
equalityof access 607
individual variations 607–8creation of community 606–7principle of impartiality or moral
consistency 603–4of status 602–3uniqueness of human beings 604–5
commonalities 606intrinsic worth 605–6
Erikson-Goldthorpe class model 268ethnic and religious identity 464–8ethnic capital, intergenerational
transmission measurement ofparents 212–13
and segregation 206–7, 209–11, 213–15of blacks 215–16
endogeneity problem 211ethnic economy employment 368–9
of Chinese 381, 388ethnic differentiation, in Britain 179ethnic effect 133, 153–4
cultural interpretation 133–4structural interpretation 134–7
ethnic enclave hypothesis 345ethnic enclaves 12
comparison with ghettos 137–40or economies/niches 344–5enterprise 345self-supporting economies 346spatial concentration 346see also Chinatown
ethnic entrepreneurs 259ethnic groups
responses to structural disadvantage 137segregation measurement 206
ethnic minorities in Britain, surveys of 363ethnic minorities, compared with
“immigrants” 37definitions of 22
ethnic niches 348–9, 357–8in high-technology 355–7and politics 452
ethnicityconceptual change in 468–9, 470debate on cultural and structural
perspective 131–2definitions of 141
European Community Household Panel227, 251
European immigrants to USA, racism 77European Union
anti-discrimination policies 504Directive on discrimination 613effect on immigration 7
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Subject index 633
European Volunteer Workers 40, 418exclusion, in education 281exposure index 208
faith schools 306Families and Children Survey 234family, importance of 127–9
see also Chinatownfamily income
effects on children 161, 162, 163, 171on daughters 165
and mother’s education 165on sons 165
family of origin, effects on children 160Family Resources Survey 239, 247, 251family stress models 160family structure
of Afro-Americans 162of British ethnic minorities 222–4changes in Britain 224–6changes in Europe 226changes in USA 227–8comparison amongst South Asians
246–7economic prosperity 247effects on children 161and family relationships
and employment 235young men 234
famine, in Ireland 34female employment in Britain 424Fenians, the
rebellion (1867) 33fertility rates, comparison of white and
South Asian women 243–4filibuster, use in Senate 453, 507Filipinos
population in Britain and USA 181in US census 57
Financial Resources Survey 562Ford Foundation 490formal qualifications 259foundries, immigrant labour 183, 420Fourth National Survey of Ethnic
Minorities (PSI) 223, 229, 239,240, 241–3, 247, 250, 252, 291,305, 372–3, 468, 558
Fowler, Henry 517France, population of African ancestry
69migration from Caribbean 71
freed slaves, migration from Americas toSierra Leone and Liberia 71
fundamentalist religion, and racism 77fuzzy frontiers of identity 437
Gaither, James 516gangsta culture 295ganja culture 91Gantreaux program 164Gardner, John 483garment industry, experience of immigrant
women 148–9GCSE 252gender relations, African-Americans 88,
114gender, and labor marketgeneral ethnic capital 210General Household Survey 225, 251
health 558General Motors 359General Social Survey 265–9, 270, 280,
367geographic concentration of immigrants
in Britain 183, 421changes in 426reasons for 125, 420
German Marshall Fund of the UnitedStates 516
ghettos 12–13, 127, 135, 218contrast with ethnic enclaves 137–40and ethnic capital transmission
213–15neighborhood effects 210parent-generation characteristics 210see also geographic concentration,
segregationgovernment, in West Indies 26Grant, Bernie, MP 463Grant, Charles 28Griggs v. Duke Power 509group orientation, see ChinatownGutman, Herbert 75
Hackler, Lloyd 517Haiti 90
and HIV infection 92Hart–Celler Act (1965) 142Head Start program, Mississippi
482health of ethnic minorities
in Britain 554–5comparison of blacks and Hispanics
553–4healthcare 524
black/Hispanic lack of insurance556–7
comparison of USA and Britain 552,555, 559–60
lower quality care 557, 558NHS 556, 558–9
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634 Subject index
High School and beyond 324higher education
British ethnic minorities 297–300in new universities 298–9in old universities 299–300
and immigrationsee also university graduate rates
Higher Education Funding Councils288
Higher Education Statistics Agency 298high-school graduation rates
of African-Americans and Hispanics269–72
effect of ancestry and race 273, 279Hindus
attitudes to arranged marriage 241British politics 475mixed marriage 242in US census 57
hip-hop music, see rap musichiring and firing costs 366Hispanics in USA
binary system 78changing status in US census 55–6educational attainment 136, 269–72,
279educational opportunity 264increase in population 62, 264intergenerational mobility 173residential segregation 61see also asset accumulation,
discrimination, ethnic economicemployment historical relationship,Britain and areas supplying migrantworkers 33
HIV infection among African-Americans89
in Caribbean 91, 92Holcomb, Luther 517home-learning activities
cultural differences 315–16effect on kindergarten children 164,
312–15mother’s education 315
homeownership 524, 530, 531acceleration of social mobility 524–5in Britain 532
Bangladeshis and Pakistanis 512,533–9
black Africans 533–7Caribbeans 533–7Chinese 533Indians 533, 539
intergenerational wealth transfer527–8
rates of 530–1see also rental costs, residential
segregationhometown associations 142household structure, of British ethnic
minorities 222–4Households Below Average Income Survey
562households, ethnic composition of
185–7housing tenure, among British Caribbean
population 187–9Howe, Darcus 469Huguenot immigrants 7human capital
concept of 218and culture 134investment in 160
Humphrey, Hubert H. 516Hunter College High School 150hyper-segregation 126hyphenated identity 470
illegal immigration 62and MALDEF 485
immigrant entrepreneurs, employment ofco-ethnics 345, 347–8
Immigration Act (1923) 70, 78Immigration Act (1971) 43immigration policy
comparison of USA and Britain 6,363
controls in Britain 38, 458community relations 44Irish immigrants 39
immigration, form ofto Britain and USA 7–9ongoing in USA 50restriction on 9, 502
incarceration ratesof African-Americans 89, 590of black Caribbeans in Britain 103effects on offending 551USA and Britain 547
incomeas measure of social mobility 1, 456spending on education 304
Income Support 239, 252Index of Dissimilarity 189–90India
colonization of 27–9labor source 40–1military recruitment 39
Indian National Uprising (1857) 28,33
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Subject index 635
Indianschanges in educational attainment
288–90higher qualifications 293–4, 297intergenerational 291–3new universities 298–9
economic success 200, 247employment 183employment niches 421fertility rates 243–4marriage rates 240
arrangements 241mixed marriage 241–2modernism vs. old-fashioned family
values 249population in Britain 126, 179, 181, 201status conscious 438–9three-generation households 244–5see also discrimination, ethnic economic
employment, South AsiansIndians (native Americans) in US census
51changes in status 55
Industrial Areas Foundation (IAF) 490,493
inequalityjustification of 607–8limits in society 608
infant mortality rates 554infrangibility, principle of 595Institute of Race Relations 460institutional models 161institutions bounded by race and ethnicity
and British slave trade 26strength of 5see also political institutions
intergenerational mobility, backgroundstatistics
omitted context variables 166racial and ethnic differences 170
ethnic differences 172–3income 171–2schooling 170–1
selection problem 167simultaneity problem 166
intergenerational wealth transfer, see assetaccumulation
intermarriage 63in Britain 97–8, 104, 109, 128, 200,
229–30, 236comparison with USA 105, 180,
193–9, 228cultural bias from West Indians
107–8South Asians 179, 241–2
laws against 79in the Netherlands 110
internal enemies/aliensinternal migration, of ethnic groups 426–7International Sociological Association
Research Committee onStratification 284
inverse Mills ratio 374Ireland
and British citizenship 41–2, 43, 58colonization 23–5, 30economy 31establishment of Irish Free State 38export of labor 40–1, 418home rulelegislature 30neutrality in World War II 39partition 21race relations 41relationship with Britain 23, 29uprising 30
Ireland Act (1949) 41Irish immigrants in Britain
British nationalism 33educational attainment 290institutional response 34–7state-sponsored pauperization 39
Irish immigrants in USA 7, 8political centralization 9political control 11racial acceptance 78
Irish model of immigration 126, 178isolation, of ethnic and racial groups
208see also ethnic capital
isolation index 208Italian immigrants
to Britain 415and racial acceptance 78
Jackson, Jesse 481Jamaica, growth and development 90–1Japanese, in US census 57Jenkins, Roy 510, 511Jewish immigrants 114
assimilation in USA 58and British nationalism 33, 38clustering 344educational attainment 136racial acceptance in US 78in US census 59
Jewish model of immigration 126, 178Jim Crow laws 79, 500job discrimination, see employment
discrimination
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636 Subject index
Johnson, President Lyndon Baines 336,507, 508, 510, 516
and EEOC 507
Katzenbach, Nicholas deB. 516Kay, Dr., Board of Health, ManchesterKellogg Foundation 16Kennedy, Robert, Presidential Campaign
493Kerner Commission 481Khalistani movement 467King, Rev. Martin Luther, Jr. 459, 471,
482kinship
in Chinatown 142emphasis in black population 75
Koreansentrepreneurship 348in US census 57
Labour Force Survey 222, 223, 226, 231,233, 235, 236, 243, 244, 250, 252,288, 289, 298, 363
labour market and social mobilityBritain’s postwar reconstruction 40–1,
418changing composition in USA 309changing opportunity structure 420,
423labor market position, and social mobility
522–3Labour Party
Black Sections 463, 503British identity 468legislation against discrimination 458
enforcement of 512National Executive Council 463nonwhite voters 502, 506
labor shortage, postwar UK 418landsmannschaft economy 344language school, Chinatown 144Latin America, blanqueamiento
82–5Latino, see HispanicLeadership Conference on Civil Rights
491legislation
and Irish immigrants 35protection for racial minorities
502and racial discrimination in USA
57leveling, see trackingLiberal Welfare Reforms, and nationality
38
Lincoln, President Abraham, andEmancipation Proclamation 336
Lindsay, Mayor John 485Liverpool riots 462Livingstone, Ken 462Lodging House Act (1851) 34London airports, immigrant labor 421London Research Centre 193London Transport, and immigrant labor
183, 419lone parents, see single-parent familiesLongitudinal Study 25, 179, 188–9, 192,
194, 195, 200, 429, 430, 443luck, and inequality 607lump sum payment of benefits, and saving
542–4Lyndon Baines Johnson Foundation
516Lyon, Alexander
Machiavelli 490, 606Madisonian system 485Malcolm X 460Manchester, regeneration of 434–5manufacturing, decline in 424marginal utility 603marriage rates
of African-Americans 228of Caribbeans in Britain 229
mixed partnerships 229–30Marx, K. 488mass immigration
postwar UK 417–20US policy 8
Matsui, Congressman Robert 57mature students 298McDonald’s 359McPherson, Harry 516media, and reform 484Medicaid 541, 560Medicare 557, 560Mexican American Legal Defense and
Educational Fund (MALDEF) 483,485, 488, 491
Texas 490Mexican American war 55Mexican immigrants to US 55middleman minority pattern 348–9Millennium Cohort Survey 237, 251mixed ability classrooms, treatment by
teachers 323mixed parentage, children of 237modern individualism 238
compared with old-fashioned values248–50
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Subject index 637
Monitoring the Future, MichiganUniversity 332
Morant Bay rebellion 33Morrison, Herbert 42Mount Royal Elementary Middle School,
Baltimore 327Moving to Opportunity
demonstration 165program 219, 562
Mughal Empire 27multinational state
English hegemony 32formation of 29
multinationals, mobility of employees 7municipal public transport, immigrant
labor 421Muslims
attitudes to arranged marriage 241changing situation of women 242–3changing values 249mixed marriage 242political identity 465, 466, 467–8, 472
NAACP 483, 509National Assessment of Educational
Progressand black youth culture 332Trend Assessment 310, 327–9, 335
and birth cohorts 329Trial State Assessment in Mathematics
321national community
changing boundaries 37–45construction of 594race-blindness 595
National Education Longitudinal Study324
National Health Service, immigrant labour183, 418, 419, 421
National Insurance Act (1911)National Longitudinal Survey of Youth311National Survey of Ethnic Minorities,
Essex University 363, 368, 374,375, 377, 379–81, 382–3, 384, 385,386, 389
National Survey of Family and Households529
Nationality Act (1948) 41, 501(1981) 7, 44
nationalization strategy, Britainneighborhoods
effect on children’s outcomes 161, 162,164, 167–8, 171, 172, 173
occupation and earnings 166segregation 172
separation from positive role models 204sibling correlations 168–9
earnings and income 169–70years of schooling 169
see also background effectsneo-Weberian approachNetherlands
migration from Caribbean 71population of African ancestry 69
network hiring 258, 349, 350balance of power 351social networks 352, 421
networking, see social relationsNew Commonwealth minorities in USA
372affirmative action 365, 369discrimination 364queuing theory 366, 367see also occupational status,
unemploymentNew Deal, and political machine 476New International Division of Labour 423new migration, theNew York City political machine, effect on
blacks 479–80New York Times 54
employment practices 509Nixon administration, pressure from
Mexican-Americans 56Nixon, President Richard 508NORC 383, 385normative social values, in multi-cultural
society 223Notting Hill Riots (1958) 41
occupational attainment of British ethnicminorities 421–3
occupational prestigecomparison of USA and Britain 378,
383–5by birthplace 389
Office of Federal Contract Compliance(OFCC) 507–8
Office of Management and Budget 62Office of Population Censuses and Surveys
(now Office of National Statistics)oil shock, and Caribbean immigrants 181old girl network 489old-fashioned characteristics of family life
246and poverty 248–50
one-drop rule 76, 195, 200Operation Bootstrap 91overqualification
and unemployment rate 260
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Cambridge University Press0521530016 - Ethnicity, Social Mobility, and Public Policy: Comparing the USA and UKEdited by Glenn C. Loury, Tariq Modood, and Steven M. TelesIndexMore information
638 Subject index
Pakistanis and Bangladeshis in Britainbroad description 126, 179, 200economic prosperity 247–8educational attainment patterns 291–3
higher qualifications 293–4employment 183, 260fertility rates 243–4marriage rates 240
arranged marriage 241mixed marriage 241–2modern individualism vs. old-fashioned
values 249political action 472population numbers 181, 201three-generation households 245war on terrorism 305see also discrimination, ethnic economy
employment, intermarriage, socialclass, unemployment, South Asians
Panel Survey of Income Dynamics 251paper industry, immigrant labour 420parental attitudes, effect on children, 162,
164, 302, 303,see alsohome-learning activities
parents’ education, effects on children 161,162, 164
African-Americans 162, 171parliamentary system
government sponsored legislation510
party discipline 502pauperization of Irish 39Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test Revised
311Pensions Act (1908) 38People’s National Party 91perception
of habits of racial group 4self-fulfilling prediction 4
Philadelphia Plan 508physical capital, import ofplantation policy, Irelandplantation systems, and slavery 73Plessy v. Ferguson, US Supreme Court
317, 337pluralistic underdevelopment 67police harassment, Britain 103policing patterns 550policy implementation 594Policy Studies Institute 222, 250, 288,
372Polish workers in Britain 418political blackness 461–3
criticism of 463internal problems of identity 464
political demandsand acceptability 466–7transnational influences 467
political institutionscomparison of Britain and USA 6, 452,
455, 502effect of racial diversity 9–10
political liberalismcontract or contact discrimination
579–81objections to 577–8relevance of affirmative action
controversy 590political machines in USA 475, 492
bridge between immigrants and state478, 481
comparison with Britain 479corruption 475effect on immigrant workers 476electoral politics 478local participation 480maintenance of order 477popularity among immigrants 481–2public purpose on race 481pursuit of power 476
political participation, trade-off withrepresentation 486–7
political representation of ethnic minorities463
political school, studies of social mobility2–3
politicsaction of ethno-racial minorities 453effect on ethnic minorities 451–2,
453ethnic and religious identity 464–8mobilization in Britain 455
character of 457–8, 471–3patterns of social outcomes 452of recognition 462Stephen Lawrence campaign 470timing of entry to polity 453–4
Pollak, Steve 516Poor Law (1834) 35Portugal, population of African origin 69positive action 499, 512, 513positive discrimination 512
see also affirmative actionpoverty, African-American families 263Powell, Enoch 43, 503Powell, General Colin 94Poyning’s Law (1494)pre-market forces, on education and
ancestry 257pre-political consensus 502
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Subject index 639
procedural and egalitarian moral interests,conceptual distinction 588
Progressives, attitude to immigrants 478–9project housing 187proletarian incorporation, Northern
Europe 67, 96–110Protestant Ascendancy, in Ireland 24
see also anti-catholicismProtestant Association 35PSI Survey of Ethnic Minorities 538public action, evaluation of consequences
594public ideals, in terms of race
moral legitimacy 591struggle for priority 591
public interest organizationsbias against disadvantaged 487corruption 489disadvantage for minorities 482–4electoral participation 486long-term horizon 485
and accountability 485media communication 489need for conflict 490–1
racial minorities 491weakening of political parties 487
public order, impact of Irish immigration35
public policy, and inequality 129public sector employment of
African-Americans 352impact of immigration 353–5urban regions 352–3
Public Use Microdata Sample 372, 377,380, 384, 385, 386, 389
Punchpupil-to-teacher ratios, American schools
320
queuing theory 366, 383, 385
race, definition of 596–7race blindness
historic reasons for 591policy implementation 594, 614and race neutrality 588–90, 595and rights of individuals 587
race consciousness 592–3, 614race egalitarianism
and group status 587violation of race blindness 588
race policyBritish judicial system 513centralization of British policy 513definitions in USA and Britain 498–9
historical differences 499–500, 503, 504African-Americans 500–1in Britain 501–2
localization of 502, 508, 510Race Relations Act 437, 499, 505, 510,
511, 512–13arguments over anti-discrimination
agency 510–11local authorities 513political parties 44
Race Relations Board 511race relations in Britain
anti-police riots 99black population 96immigrant workers 41
Irish 42racial and ethnic identity
group construction 63–5group insistence 56meaning embedded in
racial democracy, myth of 85, 86, 112racial disadvantage
affirmative action 614–15race-neutral policies 614reduction of 613
racial diversity, comparison of Britain andUS 498, 505
racial equality 609–10and cultural identity 611definition of race 608–9distinct from other forms of equality 612limits to role of state 611necessity for critique of dominant
culture 616self-esteem 611, 615
racial history problem 598–9racial inequality
collective dimension 610definition of 610
for different groups 610need for cultural change 611reward bias 575
discrimination in contract or contact579–81
in USA 573development bias 576historical disadvantage 584–5: persists
indefinitely 586and political liberalism 573skills gap 581
racial justice 573racial minorities in USA
assimilation 58, 61in census 54
and colour 60–2
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Cambridge University Press0521530016 - Ethnicity, Social Mobility, and Public Policy: Comparing the USA and UKEdited by Glenn C. Loury, Tariq Modood, and Steven M. TelesIndexMore information
640 Subject index
racial solidarity, between whites 77racial stigma 576–7
and inequality 578, 583problems for liberal individualism 370
racismBBC poll 108blanqueamiento 82–6in Brazil 85in Britain 179, 458
housing policy 187pre-conceptions of immigrants 416by pupils 295–6self-employment 432–3by teachers 294
decline in USA 86institutionalized by slavery 73North American binary mode 76–9participation in economy 135terrorization 76and white women 78–9see also race relations
railways, immigrant labor 418, 421, 424Rampton, Anthony 289rap music, and black educational
achievement 333Rastafarianism 81, 115Rawl, John 607reactive identity 465Reagan, President Ronald 57rebranding Britain 468recognition, of social position 2Reconstruction, after Civil War 500reconstruction programme, postwar
Britain, sources of labor 40–1Reformation, the 29relational structures, central place of race
575relative deprivation models 161relative functionalism 136religious identity, British ethnic minorities
464–8rental costs 532residential segregation 135
African-Americans 204–5, 217, 531–2changing significance of 217
and health 553and homeownership in Britain 540impact on intermarriage 198
Right to Buy legislation 188rights, change in meaning 484Rommel, W. H. 516Roosevelt, President 476Rousseau, J.-J. 606Roybal, Edward R. 516Rushdie, Salman 466, 470, 472
Russell Sage Foundation 516Ryan, William F. 516
SAGE class-size study 319San Antonio Independent School District
v. Rodriguez 490Scholastic Achievement Test 310, 338schooling inequalities
adjustment problems 151and background characteristics 161black–white gap in kindergarten 311
and family background measures311–12
environmental differences 312–15closure of black–white gap 335comparisons of progress in Britain 294cultivating potential 327desegregation in North 317desegregation in South 317
financial remedies 318, 337teaching quality and black disadvantage
316see also ability grouping, class size,
teacher qualitySchuller, Rev. Dr. Robert 327Scotland
and colonial trade 30union with England and Wales 29
search costs, of employers 258segregation
cross-generational study 211group characteristics 216–17and political institutions 9see also ethnic capital, residential
segregationselective migration 215self-employment amongst ethnic
minorities 259, 425, 432and culture 433–4entry mechanisms 415sectoral impacts 434
seniority rules, in House of Representatives453
September 11th 458, 467service sector employment 424Sesame Street 337sibling numbers, effects of 161, 163, 166Sikhs
attitude to arranged marriage 241and mixed marriage 242
Silicon Valley 355, 357single-parent families
African-Americans 88, 228black Britons 102British Caribbeans 185
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Cambridge University Press0521530016 - Ethnicity, Social Mobility, and Public Policy: Comparing the USA and UKEdited by Glenn C. Loury, Tariq Modood, and Steven M. TelesIndexMore information
Subject index 641
changing conventions 237–8and Caribbean views
effect on crime 545effects on earnings 166effects on schooling 162, 163–4, 168financial position 238–9, 538
sink estates 187Sinn Feinskill gap in Britain
Caribbean and white women 230–2and educational qualifications
232–3skill gap in USA 88, 581skin color, and culture 44
see also American census, Brazilslavery 8
and Bentham 603common experience of diaspora peoples
73denial of parenting 74, 598female-headed families 74, 232female independence 74and IrelandJim Crow system 309, 598and political institutions 9, 499, 500post-emancipation disadvantage 73, 75,
84, 309primary migration phase 69Thomas CarlyleUS census 51US Civil War 55, 76West Indies 25–7see also freed slaves, underground
railroadslum conditions, and Irish immigrantsSmethwick by-election 41, 503Smith, Judge, and Hopwood opinion
593Social and Community Planning research
250social capital
of Chinatown 154–5definitions 14, 582effects of past discrimination 583import ofimportance of 140and mobility 343of pre-existing communities 141
social citizenship, measure of socialmobility 2
social classand economic attainment 370–1and mobility 427–33
social formations 4social justice, procedural rules 585–6
social mobility 1–3, 257, 427–33, 442–3biographical approach 435–6, 441central role of state 524distribution of income through
institutions 523labor market position 522priorities of different groups 523of professional class 2regime effect 522, 561and self-employment 432, 438, 442see also asset accumulation, crime,
healthcare, homeownership,Ugandan Asians
social networks, and opportunity 582social organization
of ethnic enclaves 138, 140of ghettos 139, 140social costs 148
social origins 265, 269education 265
of family 266–7family income 267–8family occupation 268family structure 268–9
social policy in Britain, and racialization38
social relationsin ethnic enclaves 139, 343
reinforce ethnicity 149–50, 343in ghettos 139
social remittances 92socialization models 160Society of United Irishmen 30socioeconomic standing of ethnic group
135and mobility 139–40
South America, African-ancestry diaspora68
South Asiansarranged marriages 241change in concept of ethnicity 469changes in educational attainment
288–90, 442changing situation of women 242–3fertility rates 243–4geographical concentration 13higher education 297importance of ethnic and religious
identity 464–6intermarriage 194, 198, 241–2marriage rates 240mass migration to UK 420racial harassment at school 295–6success in industry 180, 200three-generation households 244–5
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642 Subject index
South Asians (cont.)see also ethnic economy, employment
discrimination, Indians, internalmigration, Pakistanis andBangladeshis, self-employment,Ugandan Asians
Spanish-American war (1895) 55spatial mismatch hypothesis 204, 210Special Irish Branch (SIB) 38state employment, reliance of blacks on
527Stephen Lawrence campaign 470street gangs, Chinatown 151, 153strike breaking, and racism 78structural assimilation 342
and time 132–3see also ethnic effect
Stuyvesant High School 150suburbanization, of British Caribbean
population 187–9, 192Swann, Lord 289
Taeuber, Conrad, US Census Bureau 56TANF 252Taylor, William L. 516teacher and teaching quality 320–2, 324
and parental education 321teacher salaries, in US South 317teachers’ expectations
neutrality and past performance 326neutrality and potential 326–7unconditional neutrality 325–6
technology, and employment 424ten percent rule 589, 595Tennessee STAR Class-Size Experiment
319terrorization, of US black population 76test score disparity in American schools
309economic importance 309fluctuation in gains for blacks 329–32progress in 310see also class size, National Assessment of
Educational Progress, schoolingtextile mills, and immigrant labor 183, 421Thatcher, Margaret 99, 503
anti-discrimination enforcement 512Right to Buy legislation 188
timingof entry into economy 260–1and exclusion 261
Tocqueville 58Tongs 142, 144Tory Party, see Conservative Party
tracking, and ability grouping, impacts ofblack–white achievement 322–3
trade unions, and immigrants 479transnationalism, in Caribbean 92–3Triangular Trade 26Trinidad, HIV infection 92Truth and Reconciliation Commission 599Twice migrants 439
Ugandan Asianscultural resources 437education 439Gujurati merchant ideology 437–8Indian status consciousness 438–9previous experience of free-market
economy 439–40rapid social mobility 436–7reaction to racial exclusionism 441refugee experience 440–1twice migrants 439
UK census 180, 288, 289, 298, 363demographic analysis 222Sample of Anonymised Records 185,
193, 372, 374, 375, 377, 379–81,382–3, 384, 386, 389
Special Migration Statistics Dataset 426underachievement in school 289Underground Railroad 69unemployed, and social class
categorizationunemployment among British ethnic
minorities 100recent trends in 423of youth 296–7
unemployment measurement, comparisonof USA and Britain 374, 375,381–2
United States Constitution, Representativeapportionment 51
Universities Central Admissions Survey(UCAS) 288
universities, old and new in Britain, intakeof ethnic minorities 298–300
university graduation ratesAfrican-Americans and Hispanics 272effects of ancestry and race 273–6,
279US census 379
white population 59–60US Civil War, effect on black population
76US Equal Employment Opportunity
Commission 505Utrecht, Treaty of (1713) 25
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Subject index 643
Vaz, Keith, MP 463Venezuela, population of African ancestry
69violence, and immigrant communities 477visiting partner relationships 233Voting Rights Acts 53
Wales, Act of Union (1536) 29incorporation into UK
War Brides Act 142War on Poverty 336WASP 58West Atlantic system, in Caribbean 92West Indies
and Irish immigrantsmigration to Africa 71military recruitment 39pre-migration expectations 417slave trade 25–7source of labor in Britain 40–1, 419,
458source of labor in America 69–70
Western Europe, population of Africanancestry 69
and environment 113migration from Caribbean 70urbanization of 72
white ethnic groups, segregation of 206,216
whiteness, binary conception of 78Wolfe Tone, Theobald, Irish uprising 30wool and cotton industries, immigrant
labour 419, 421World War II, and political machine 476
xenophobia, in Britain 416
Yom Kippur War 181Youth Cohort Survey 288youth programs, Chinatown 145, 146–7youth street culture in Britain
popularity of 469and school discipline 295US influence 470
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