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400G PAM4 – The Wave of the Future
ECOC 2017
Michael G. Furlong - Senior Director, Product Marketingmfurlong@inphi.com
2Inphi Proprietary and Confidential 2Inphi Proprietary and Confidential
100G is Ramping in the Cloud
100G Now Shipping (~2H2016)― Numerous Market Reports
― Millions of Ports/Year
Driven by Cloud TOR/Leaf/Spine Switching― Multiple Suppliers of 100GE Switches
― Numerous Optical Module Developers
― Low Cost DAC for Server 100G Breakout
― Competitive Pricing
Network Traffic Continues to Grow― Doubling Year/Year
― Data-intensive Applications
― Drives the Switch Bandwidth
Switch Bandwidth 400G PAM4
3Inphi Proprietary and Confidential 3Inphi Proprietary and Confidential
256x100G
PAM4
nx100G (PAM4)
25Tb+
Data Center Switch/Optics Transitions
Sw
itch
ing
So
luti
on
s
Ele
ctr
ical
Inte
rface
Op
tics
128/256x50G
PAM4
8x50G (PAM4)
OSFP
QSFP-DDDR4
FR4
LR8ZR
FR8
SR8
Others….Public
Announcements
6.4/12.8Tb
128/256x25G
NRZ
Others….
4x25G (NRZ)
QSFP28
SR4
ER4LR4
PSM4
CWDM4
CLR4
COLORZ
Public
Announcements
3.2/6.4Tb
4Inphi Proprietary and Confidential 4Inphi Proprietary and Confidential
Data Center Port Speed Transitions
Arista Networks Confidential 6
Ethernet Speed Transitions by Lane Speed
Lane Speed 10Gbps 25Gbps 50Gbps 100Gbps
1X 10G 25G 50G 100G
2X — 50G 100G 200G
4X 40G 100G 200G 400G
8X — — 400G 800G
Availability 2011 2015 2018 2020
Server Interface
Leaf-Spine Interface
4 Years 3 Years 2 Years
Source: Arista
5Inphi Proprietary and Confidential 5Inphi Proprietary and Confidential
Relevant 400G Standards/MSAs
<100m
<500m
<2km
<10km
Data Center Network Topology
- 107.8x22.6x9.0mm
- Power < 16W
- TOR L/S Switches
- In Development
CFP8
- 102x40x9.5mm
- Power < 16W
- Routers
- Sampling
- 75.85x18.35x8.5mm
- Power < 14W
- TOR L/S Switches
- In Development
- Defines Electrical
I/O, Connectors,
Thermals, etc.
- In Development
Electrical Standards
802.3bs
400GAUI-8 (CDAUI-8)
IEEE802.3bs OIF
C2C CEI 56G PAM4 VSR
C2M CEI 56G PAM4 MR
802.3cd 50G PAM4 DAC / BKPL
802.3
802.3bs - Target Standard Complete Dec’17
Optical Standards400Gbase- Reach Fiber Speed Spec
LR8 10km SMF 8x50G PAM4 802.3bs
LR4 10km SMF 4x100G PAM4 MSA
FR8 2km SMF 8x50G PAM4 802.3bs
FR4 2km SMF 4x100G PAM4 MSA
DR4 500m P-SMF 4x100G PAM4 802.3bs
SR8 100m MMF 8x50G PAM4 802.3cd
6Inphi Proprietary and Confidential 6Inphi Proprietary and Confidential
So Why 50G PAM4?
12.8Terabit Switch Bandwidth Options
1. Double the Number of Existing I/O?
● 256 I/O -> 512 I/O at 28Gbaud
● Issues: Die Size, Packaging, Cost
2. Double the Speed on Each I/O
● 28Gbaud NRZ -> 56Gbaud NRZ
● Issues: Channel Loss, SerDes Complexity, Cost, Power
3. Advanced Modulation PAM4
● Same Number of I/O
● Same 28Gbaud Speed
3 Meter DAC – Insertion Loss
56Gb PAM4
56Gb NRZ
PAM4 Meets the Performance,
Power, and Cost objectives for
400G Cloud Data Centers
Benefits of 50Gbps PAM4― Use Existing (and Fewer) 28Gb Optics
― Same Copper Infrastructure● 3 Meter DAC
● Backplanes & Connectors
― Switches can Mix / Match Cables and Optics up to 100Km in Reach
7Inphi Proprietary and Confidential 7Inphi Proprietary and Confidential
Next Generation 400G Optical Modules
ADC- Multi-tap FFE
- Multi-tap DFE
- Slicer
8:4
Demultiplex
PAM4
Mapping &
Pre-Coder
Host Interface
8:4
Multiplex
PAM4
Mapping &
Pre-Coder
- Multi-tap FIR
- Level Control DAC
PowerLow-speed
CMOS
REFCLK
(If Needed)
PLL/Clocking
Tx FIR
Rx EQCTLE
H
O
S
T
L
I
N
E
8x50G
PAM4
TIA
(x4)
ROSA
(x4)
Linear
Driver
(x4)
TOSA
(x4)
uCPower
RegMisc
OSFP / QSFP-DD / COBO
4
4
-3
-1
+1
+3
Sample
Levels
Control
Interface
OIF CEI 56G VSR
IEEE 400GAUI-8
DSP Line Interface
Clock Recovery
Control Loops
Calibration Algorithms
Diagnostics
Internal Histograms
/Eye DiagramsSystem BER Sweeps
0
Channel SNR
21dB
• Real Time / Easy Access
• Non-destructive
• User Programmable Thresholds
Opt
Mux/
Dmux(FR4/LR4)
PAM4 DSP
8x50G
PAM4
4x
100G
PAM4
4x
100G
PAM4
8Inphi Proprietary and Confidential 8Inphi Proprietary and Confidential
DSP Advantages For 400G PAM4
-0.5 0 0.5-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
Time
Am
plit
ude
Eye Diagram
-0.5 0 0.5-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
Time
Am
plit
ude
Eye Diagram
PAM4 / NRZ
Eyes
-0.5 0 0.5-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
Time
Am
plit
ude
Eye Diagram
-0.5 0 0.5-2
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
Time
Am
plit
ude
Eye Diagram
Small
ISI
Plus Noise
PAM4 More Sensitive to ISI and Noise Versus NRZ
― PAM4 has 1/3rd Eye Opening
DSP Equalization
― High Performance (DFE/FFE)
― High Number of Taps
― Proven Algorithms
DSP Performance
― Low Risk
― Enables Lower Cost Optics
Low-power CMOS Process
― 16nm Scaling 7nm
― Meets Module Power Targets
PAM4 DSPs are Low Risk and Enable Low Cost Optics
Meeting the 400G Module Power
9Inphi Proprietary and Confidential 9Inphi Proprietary and Confidential
Next Generation Cloud – 400G PAM4 Summary
Network Traffic is Driving Switch Bandwidth
Big Data Movement
― Video
― Artificial Intelligence
― IoT
― Many Others…
Cloud
Data
Centers
Switch/Optics
Infrastructure
QSFP28QSFP-DD
OSFP
Switch Bandwidth is driving 400G Interfaces
Next Generation Switches are Coming to Market
Industry Split on Module Form Factor
Optical &
Electrical
Signaling
56Gbps PAM-4 Required to Achieve 12.8T Switch Bandwidth
Optical & Electrical Industry Standards Based on PAM4
PAM4 DSP’s Are Shipping Today
10Inphi Proprietary and Confidential 10Inphi Proprietary and Confidential
Low PowerHigh Performance
Long Reach
Fast Time-to-market
Competitive Cost
Dedicated Customer Support
Best Quality
Inphi’s Complete Platform to Enable Customer Success
Driver
SiPho
or
Partner Optics
TiA
Optical Platform
PAM4 DSP
Coherent DSP
11Inphi Proprietary and Confidential 11Inphi Proprietary and Confidential
Live PAM4 DSP Demonstration at ECOC 2017
Highest
Performance 50G
PAM4 DSP
Integrated
EML/VCSEL
Drivers
10G-400G
Backplane Retimer
IEEE FEC/PCS
Booth #337
400G
QSFP-DD/OSFP
Optics
COLORZ-Lite™ QSFP-28
100Gbps PAM4
20km Campus
Thank you
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