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2016-10-04
1
Widely regarded as the greatest writer in
English Literature
Poet and dramatist
Wrote 37 plays
Composed about 154 sonnets and a few
poems
Started out as an actor
His plays portray recognizable people in situations we experience in our lives: love, marriage, death, mourning, guilt, the need to make difficult choices, separation, reunion and reconciliation
They do so with great humanity, tolerance, and wisdom
Why is Shakespeare considered to be so great? Play - academic
Shakespeare is everywhere – play
Siri introduces Elizabethan Shakespeare -play
Seeing what people remember about famous Shakespeare quotes: play
Bio file – play
Things we don’t normally tell you about Shakespeare – play teacher: fast forward past the 1st one...
movie about Shakespeare’s life and history–1 hr – play
They are constantly fresh and can be adapted to the place and time they are performed
Their language is wonderfully expressive and powerful
They help us to understand what it is to be human, and to cope with the problems of being so
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Born around April 23, 1564; died the same day in 1616 at aged 52
3rd of 8 children,
his family lived about 100 miles NW of London
Father was a shopkeeper and well-respected –family was well-off
He went to grammar school, where he studied Latin, grammar and literature
Married Anne Hathaway, 8 years older than he, 3 children: Susanna (1583), Judith and Hamnet(twins, 1585)
1. comedy
2. tragedy
Comedy in Shakespeare’s time, had a
very different meaning from modern
comedy.
A Shakespearean comedy is one that has
a happy ending.
Involves marriages between the
unmarried characters.
Tone and style is more light-hearted than
Shakespeare's other plays.
A Midsummer Night's Dream
All's Well That Ends Well
As You Like It
Cymbeline
Loves Labours Lost
Measure for Measure
Much Ado About Nothing
Pericles, Prince of Tyre
The Comedy of Errors
The Merchant of Venice
The Merry Wives of
Windsor
The Taming of the Shrew
The Tempest
Troilus and Cressida
Twelfth Night
Two Gentlemen of
Verona
Winter's Tale
A Shakespearean tragedy is the opposite of a
comedy.
Usually based on real some historical or well
known story.
Tries to show that human beings are basically
doomed through their own failures.
Shakespeare's tragic heroes are usually
important people who are well liked.
Something harsh and personal will happen to
them.
The hero must fall from a high place, a place of
glory, or honour.
Antony and Cleopatra
Coriolanus
Hamlet
Julius Caesar
King Lear
Macbeth
Othello
Romeo and Juliet
Timon of Athens
Titus Andronicus
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Written in the 1500s
Shakespeare was a poet, as well as an actor
and playwright, and so he could read many
languages.
He loved figurative language, slang, and
word-play
He wrote with poetic meter (rhythm of word
sounds)
Was an actor in his own plays; › Used /developed soliloquy (like a monologue) &
› aside (speak to the audience like it’s a little secret)
Used over 20,000 words in his works
The average writer uses 7,500
The English Dictionary of his time only had 500
words.
He’s credited with creating 3,000 words in the English
Oxford Dictionary
He was by far the most important individual influence
on the development of the modern English
Shakespeare invented lots of words that
we use in our daily speech
Examples...
› Choose 5 words from the following list and
write them as examples in your note.
accommodation
amazement
assassination
baseless
bloody
bump
castigate
changeful
control (noun)
countless
courtship
critic
eventful
exposure
frugal
generous
gloomy
hurry
impartial
indistinguishable
invulnerable
laughable
lonely
majestic
• misplaced
• monumental
• obscene
• pious
• premeditated
• radiance
• reliance
• road
• sportive
• submerge
• suspicious
…just close enough to
what we use to be confusing.
Present Tense:
Past Tense:
Now You... are have will can shall do
Then Thou… art hast wilt canst shalt dost
Now You... were had would could should did
Then Thou… wast hadst wouldst couldst shouldst didst
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Phrases: Love is blind (Merchant of Venice) Faint hearted (I Henry VI) Forever and a day (As You Like It) For goodness' sake (Henry VIII) Full circle (King Lear) Good riddance (Troilus and Cressida) In a pickle (The Tempest) Kill with kindness (Taming of the Shrew) Knock knock! Who's there? (Macbeth) Laughing stock (The Merry Wives of Windsor) There's no such thing (Macbeth) Too much of a good thing (As You Like It) Wild-goose chase (Romeo and Juliet)
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NO FEAR SHAKESPEARE
Pun: play on words involving
Word with more than one meaning
Words with similar sounds
Soliloquy & Monologue
Aside Direct address by actor to audience
› Not supposed to be overheard by other
characters
A soliloquy (from Latin solo "to oneself" + loquor "I talk")
a character speaks to himself or herself,
relating thoughts and feelings,
thereby also sharing them with the audience,
giving off the illusion of being a series of unspoken reflections – thinking aloud
No one else is on stage during a soliloquy.
In a soliloquy, the speaker isn't addressing anyone.
a speech made by one person
in the company of others
Think of it as though someone goes off on a tangent and gives a speech while
everyone else holds their tongue and is forced to listen to the babbling
may be addressed to other characters or the audience
Not an aside because of its length.
Can be a release of emotional or other
tension because of a funny event/laugh
It is usually stuffed in the middle of a serious or tragic event
often takes the form of a bumbling, wisecracking sidekick of the hero or villain
A sidekick used for comic relief will usually comment on the absurdity of the hero's
situation and make comments that would be inappropriate for a character who is to
be taken seriously.
Plays are written by Acts, Scenes, and
Lines.
The acts follow the plot graph.
The scenes are like chapters in each
plot stage.
Whereas the lines help us to find where
we are quickly and to source a quote.
We reference the Bible the same way
› Book, chapter, verse
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For Shakespeare, we use roman numbering. Why... Because it adds to your literacy and looks cool.
Acts are written in upper case roman numerals,
Scenes are written in lower case roman numerals
Lines are written in Arabic numerals I bet you
didn’t even know you were writing Arabic in math class, did you! We call this EDUCATING
YOU.
Decode these numbers:
XII = _________ xiv =___________
10 = _________ 15 = __________
4 = __________ V = __________
iii = __________ 55= __________
Upper Case Roman
Numerals, 1-12
A “C” represents 100, which is why they call
a $100 dollar bill a C-
note
Open your Romeo and
Juliet play and find the first two words for each
of the following citations.
Please note, you DO NOT REFERENCE PAGE NUMBERS
IN A PLAY OR THE BIBLE
note: your book does happen to use arabic but
you will reference using the
method taught
I. i.11.
I.iv.105.
II.ii.33.
V.iii.293.
Do not count the names of
characters as lines.
As they stand mourning together, Capulet reaches out to beg for a truce as he cries,”...give me thy hand/ This is my daughter’s jointure, for no more...” (Shakespeare V.iii.306-307).
Anytime you list a quote that goes beyond a line of the play text, you use a slash to indicate a line break.
Go find this place and tell me the next word...
Most of his plays are built around a 5-part
dramatic structure (PLOT GRAPH) which
corresponds to a play’s five acts:
Act
1. Exposition (introduction)
2. Rising action
3. Crisis or Climax
4. Falling action
5. Resolution or Denouement
Now let’s quickly review the plot graph
The play usually begins in this way and
establishes:
Tone
Setting
Characters
Basic situation
Main conflict
Fills in events previous to play
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Often called initial incident or action point:
› The first bit of action that occurs which
begins the plot.
› A Shakespearean play may have several
action points.
› Series of complications for the protagonist
(main character)
› Flows from the main conflict.
Crisis or Climax
Turning point in story.
The point where the protagonist’s
situation will either get better or
worse.
Moment of choice for protagonist.
Forces of conflict come together .
Everything begins to unravel from
here.
The falling action contains further turning points:
Results of protagonist’s decision or actions.
Maintains suspense.
Consequences of the action in Act III begins
to unfold, tension builds, and often further
character development occurs.
In a tragedy the audience is led to believe
that there is still hope for the protagonist.
In a comedy, things go from bad to worse for
the hero or heroine.
In the final act, the conflict is resolved, either through
ruination or triumph:
Conclusion of play
Unravelling of the plot
The resolution in a tragedy is the catastrophe resulting
from the climactic actions, usually focusing on the
downfall of the protagonist.
May include characters’ deaths
In a comedy, the resolution usually involves the
marriage of all principal characters in a happy ending.
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