1939-45. Main Cause of World War II: Aggressive actions taken by the totalitarian dictators

1939-45

World War II

Main Cause of World War II:

A. Totalitarian Leaders & Their Goals

Aggressive actionstaken by the

totalitarian dictators.

A. Totalitarian Leaders & Their Immediate Goals

Capture territory to increaseItaly’s empire.

1)

A. Totalitarian Leaders & Their Immediate Goals

Regain territory lost as a resultof World War I.

2)

A. Totalitarian Leaders & Their Immediate Goals

Reverse the effects of the Treatyof Versailles.

3)

USSR

Pol.Ger.

Fr.

Sp.

GB

It.

Cz.

Au.

Yug.

Hu. Ro.

Bu.

Gr.

G

1) 1935 – Mussolini invades Ethiopia.

League of Nations reprimands Italy but takes no

action.

B. Events leading to warin Europe

USSR

Pol.Ger.

Fr.

Sp.

GB

It.

Cz.

Au.

Yug.

Hu. Ro.

Bu.

Gr.

G

1) To Ethiopia

2) Mar. 1936 – Hitler re-militarized the

Rhineland. Again, League of Nations

talks but does nothing.

B. Events leading to warin Europe

USSR

Pol.Ger.

Fr.

Sp.

GB

It.

Cz.

Au.

Yug.

Hu. Ro.

Bu.

Gr.

G

Rhineland2)

3) July 1936 – Spanish Civil War erupts. Popular Front wins

elections.(coalition of socialist and

communist parties)

B. Events leading to warin Europe

Gen. Francisco Franco revolts.

Nationalists v. Republicans.

B. Events leading to warin Europe

Hitler Stalin

Mussolini

Guernica – by Pablo Picasso

Write a paragraph:

What happened at Guernica in 1937?

Email to: rhall@oakparkusd.org

Subject: Your name, Guernica

Extra Credit Opportunity:

USSR

Pol.Ger.

Fr.

Sp.

GB

It.

Cz.

Au.

Yug.

Hu. Ro.

Bu.

Gr.

G

3)

4) Oct. 1936 – Rome-Berlin Axis.

B. Events leading to warin Europe

USSR

Pol.Ger.

Fr.

Sp.

GB

It.

Cz.

Au.

Yug.

Hu. Ro.

Bu.

Gr.

G

4) Rome

Berlin

5) Mar. 1938 – Hitler annexes Austria.

“Anschluss”

B. Events leading to warin Europe

USSR

Pol.Ger.

Fr.

Sp.

GB

It.

Cz.Au.

Yug.

Hu. Ro.

Bu.

Gr.

G

5)

Sudetenland

6) Sept. 1938 – Hitler demands the Sudetenland.

Munich Conference:G.B., Fr.,

B. Events leading to warin Europe

Ger., It.

British Prime MinisterNeville Chamberlain

Munich Pact:Hitler gets Sudetenland,promises not to take

anything else.

Appeasement policy.

B. Events leading to warin Europe

What was the lesson of Munich?

USSR

Pol.Ger.

Fr.

Sp.

GB

It.

Cz.

Au.

Yug.

Hu. Ro.

Bu.

Gr.

G

6)

7) Mar. 1939 – Hitler takes the rest of Czechoslovakia.

You can’t appease a bully!

B. Events leading to warin Europe

USSR

Pol.Ger.

Fr.

Sp.

GB

It.

Cz.

Au.

Yug.

Hu. Ro.

Bu.

Gr.

G

7)

8) Apr. 1939 – Mussolini invades

Albania.

B. Events leading to warin Europe

USSR

Pol.Ger.

Fr.

Sp.

GB

It.

Cz.

Au.

Yug.

Hu. Ro.

Bu.

Gr.

G

8)

9) Aug. 1939 –Nazi-Soviet Pact

is announced. Non-aggression agreement.

B. Events leading to warin Europe

USSR

Pol.Ger.

Fr.

Sp.

GB

It.

Cz.

Au.

Yug.

Hu. Ro.

Bu.

Gr.

G 9)

10) Sept. 1939 – Hitler launches the “blitzkrieg”

against Poland.

Great Britain & France declare war on the Axis Powers.

B. Events leading to warin Europe

USSR

Pol.Ger.

Fr.

Sp.

GB

It.

Cz.

Au.

Yug.

Hu. Ro.

Bu.

Gr.

G10)

USSR

PoGer.

Fr.

Sp.

GB

It.

Cz.

Au.

Yug.

Hu. Ro.

Bu.

Gr.

G

BN

D

No.Sw.

Fin.

Es.

La.Li.

A

GB

Fr.

l.

Allies Axis

1) Sept. 1939 – Poland invaded by first Hitler

and then Stalin.

Great Britain & France declare war on the Axis --

C. The War Begins – Events before U.S. Entry

but NOT on the Soviet Union.

USSR

Pol.Ger.

Fr.

Sp.

GB

It.

Cz.

Au.

Yug.

Hu. Ro.

Bu.

Gr.

G1)

BN

D

No.Sw.

Fin.

Es.

La.Li.

A

GB

Fr.

USSR

2) Sept-Apr. 1939-40 – The Phony War.

A state of war exists, but without any fighting.

“Sitzkrieg.”

C. The War Begins – Events before U.S. Entry

USSR

PoGer.

Fr.

Sp.

GB

It.

Cz.

Au.

Yug.

Hu. Ro.

Bu.

Gr.

G

BN

D

No.Sw.

Fin.

Es.

La.Li.

AMaginot Line2

)

l.

3) Nov. 1939 – Stalin begins an invasion of

Finland, the Baltic States and Romania.

C. The War Begins – Events before U.S. Entry

USSR

PoGer.

Fr.

Sp.

GB

It.

Cz.

Au.

Yug.

Hu. Ro.

Bu.

Gr.

G

BN

D

No.Sw.

Fin.

Es.

La.Li.

A

3)l.

4) Apr. 1940 – Hitler invades Denmark and

Norway. To prevent a blockade and protect coal shipments from

Sweden.

C. The War Begins – Events before U.S. Entry

USSR

PoGer.

Fr.

Sp.

GB

It.

Cz.

Au.

Yug.

Hu. Ro

Bu.

Gr.

G

BN

D

No.Sw.

Fi

Es.La.

Li.

A

4)

l.

n.

m.

Coal

5) May 1940 – Hitler conquers Benelux

countries and invades France.

Bypassing Maginot Line.

C. The War Begins – Events before U.S. Entry

USSR

PoGer.

Fr.

Sp.

GB

It.

Cz.

Au.

Yug.

Hu. Ro

Bu.

Gr.

G

BN

D

No.Sw.

Fi

Es.La.

Li.

A

l.

n.

m.

5)

• June 22, 1940 – France surrenders

to the Axis.

• June 10, 1940 – Mussolini joinsthe invasion.

FranceFalls

Vichy Franc

e

Dunkirk

Winston Churchill

Write a paragraph:

What happened at Dunkirk?

Email to: rhall@oakparkusd.org

Subject: Your name, Dunkirk

Extra Credit Opportunity:

6) Summer 1940 – The Battle of Britain.

Battle for control of the skies over English Channel.

RAF v. Luftwaffe.

Operation Sea Lion.

C. The War Begins – Events before U.S. Entry

USSR

PoGer.

Fr.

Sp.

GB

It.

Cz.

Au.

Yug.

Hu. Ro

Bu.

Gr.

GN

D

No.Sw.

Fi

Es.La.

Li.

A

l.

n.

m.

BEnglishChannel

6)

Advantages of each air force:

Luftwaffe: 3x as many planes.

RAF: 1) Radar. 2) The “Ultra” Secret.

C. The War Begins – Events before U.S. Entry

Results of the Battle of Britain:

RAF posts a kill ratio of 2½:1.

Hitler postpones Sea Lion.

The Allies live to fight another day.

C. The War Begins – Events before U.S. Entry

7) Fall-Spring 1940-41 – Hitler conquers the Balkans. 3 countries officially join the Axis:

Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria.

Yugoslavia and Greece are invaded.

C. The War Begins – Events before U.S. Entry

USSR

PoGer.

Fr.

Sp.

GB

It.

Cz.

Au.

Yug.

Hu. Ro

Bu.

Gr.

GN

D

No.Sw.

Fi

Es.La.

Li.

A

l.

n.

m.

B

7)

8) June 1941 – Hitler invades the Soviet Union.

Operation Barbarossa.

Over 4 million soldiers on an 1800-mile-wide front.

C. The War Begins – Events before U.S. Entry

USSR

PoGer.

Fr.

Sp.

GB

It.

Cz.

Au.

Yug.

Hu. Ro

Bu.

Gr.

GN

D

No.Sw.

Fi

Es.La.

Li.

A

l.

n.

m.

B

8)

Hitler’sAtlantic Wall.

Pol.Ger.

Fr.

Sp.

GB

It.

Cz.

Au.

Yug.

Hu. Rom.

Bu.

Gr.

GN

D

No.Sw.

Fin.

Es.La.

Li.

A

B

USSRSR

USSR joinsthe Allies.

Hitler’sAtlantic Wall.

Japan’s motivation:Build an empire to exploit its labor,

resources, and markets. Name of Empire:

Greater East-Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere

Slogan:“Asia for Asians”

D. Events Leading to War in the Pacific

1) 1931 – Japan invades Manchuria.

Coal reserves.

D. Events Leading to War in the Pacific

The Pacific

Theater

Jap.Kor.

For.

1)

Coal

2) 1937 – Japan invades China.

Asia for Asians?

D. Events Leading to War in the Pacific

The Pacific

Theater

Jap.Kor.

For.

2)

Man.

Nanking

Write a paragraph:

What was the “Rape of Nanking”?

Email to: rhall@oakparkusd.org

Subject: Your name, Nanking

Mandatory Assignment:

3) 1940 – Japan joins the Axis and invades French

Indochina. Why join the Axis?

1) Similar ideas about govt.2) Common enemies.

3) Axis is winning!

D. Events Leading to War in the Pacific

The Pacific

Theater

Jap.Kor.

For.

3) Axis!

Man.

China

GB

Fr.

Neth.

US

US

US

Aus.

GB

GB

GB

4) 1941 – U.S. moves to slow Japan’s momentum.

a) FDR moves West Coast naval fleet to Pearl Harbor.

D. Events Leading to War in the Pacific

b) Congress passes Lend-Lease Act.

FDR – “Arsenal of Democracy”

c) Trade embargo against Japan.

80% of oil.

D. Events Leading to War in the Pacific

The Pacific

Theater

Jap.Kor.

For.

4)

Man.

China

Indo.

Oil

D. Events Leading to War in the Pacific

• Gen. Hideki Tojo

• Oct. 1941 – Prime Minister

of Japan.

D. Events Leading to War in the Pacific

• Hirohito• Emperor of

Japanfrom 1926-89.

5) Dec. 7, 1941 – Japan bombs Pearl Harbor.

Why?

War with U.S. is inevitable. Strike a crippling blow.

D. Events Leading to War in the Pacific

Results?

≈2500 killed. 8 battleships sunk.

U.S. aircraft carriers survive.

Dec. 8, 1941 – U.S. declares war on the Axis Powers.

D. Events Leading to War in the Pacific

The Pacific

Theater

Jap.Kor.

For.

Man.

Chi na

5)

Indo.

The Pacific

Theater

Jap.

Kor.

For.

Man.

Chi na

Bur.

Indo.

E. Indies

US

Phil.

US

Aus.

Mal.

HK

N.

G.

Defend this statement:

1941 was the most important year of World War II.

D. Events Leading to War in the Pacific

AxisGerman

yItalyJapan

AlliesG.B., Fr.USSRU.S.

WWII – The “Second Half”mid-1942 thru 1945

USC

ND

1st 2nd

24

49 55

0 24

6

Final

Battle of Britain

(Allies)

(Axis)

1939-mid 1942

Vichy Franc

e

Calais

Ideology =

Competing Ideologies

a set of beliefs about how a society should be run.• Two components:

1) Government2) Economy

Government:

Competing Ideologies

1) Democracy =

Free elections, rule by law, protection for individual rights.

Government:

Competing Ideologies

2) Totalitarianism =

One party dictatorship, no ind. rights, use of violence and propaganda to control people.

Economy:

Competing Ideologies

1) Capitalism =

Free enterprise, private property, little or no government interference.

Economy:

Competing Ideologies

2) Communism =

Government control of business and property, equal distribution of wealth.

Ideology #1:

Competing Ideologies

Democracy and Capitalism.

U.S., Great Britain, France.

Ideology #2:

Competing Ideologies

Totalitarianism and Capitalism.

Germany, Italy and Japan.

Ideology #3:

Competing Ideologies

Totalitarianism and Communism.

The Soviet Union.

Democratic

Capitalism

Totalitarian

Capitalism

Totalitarian

Communism

U.S.,Britain, France

Germany,Italy,Japan

The Soviet Union

Democratic

Capitalism

Totalitarian

Communism

U.S.A.

U.S.S.R.

The Cold War