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1939-45
World War II
Main Cause of World War II:
A. Totalitarian Leaders & Their Goals
Aggressive actionstaken by the
totalitarian dictators.
A. Totalitarian Leaders & Their Immediate Goals
Capture territory to increaseItaly’s empire.
1)
A. Totalitarian Leaders & Their Immediate Goals
Regain territory lost as a resultof World War I.
2)
A. Totalitarian Leaders & Their Immediate Goals
Reverse the effects of the Treatyof Versailles.
3)
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Pol.Ger.
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1) 1935 – Mussolini invades Ethiopia.
League of Nations reprimands Italy but takes no
action.
B. Events leading to warin Europe
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1) To Ethiopia
2) Mar. 1936 – Hitler re-militarized the
Rhineland. Again, League of Nations
talks but does nothing.
B. Events leading to warin Europe
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Rhineland2)
3) July 1936 – Spanish Civil War erupts. Popular Front wins
elections.(coalition of socialist and
communist parties)
B. Events leading to warin Europe
Gen. Francisco Franco revolts.
Nationalists v. Republicans.
B. Events leading to warin Europe
Hitler Stalin
Mussolini
Guernica – by Pablo Picasso
Write a paragraph:
What happened at Guernica in 1937?
Email to: [email protected]
Subject: Your name, Guernica
Extra Credit Opportunity:
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3)
4) Oct. 1936 – Rome-Berlin Axis.
B. Events leading to warin Europe
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4) Rome
Berlin
5) Mar. 1938 – Hitler annexes Austria.
“Anschluss”
B. Events leading to warin Europe
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5)
Sudetenland
6) Sept. 1938 – Hitler demands the Sudetenland.
Munich Conference:G.B., Fr.,
B. Events leading to warin Europe
Ger., It.
British Prime MinisterNeville Chamberlain
Munich Pact:Hitler gets Sudetenland,promises not to take
anything else.
Appeasement policy.
B. Events leading to warin Europe
What was the lesson of Munich?
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6)
7) Mar. 1939 – Hitler takes the rest of Czechoslovakia.
You can’t appease a bully!
B. Events leading to warin Europe
USSR
Pol.Ger.
Fr.
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7)
8) Apr. 1939 – Mussolini invades
Albania.
B. Events leading to warin Europe
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8)
9) Aug. 1939 –Nazi-Soviet Pact
is announced. Non-aggression agreement.
B. Events leading to warin Europe
USSR
Pol.Ger.
Fr.
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G 9)
10) Sept. 1939 – Hitler launches the “blitzkrieg”
against Poland.
Great Britain & France declare war on the Axis Powers.
B. Events leading to warin Europe
USSR
Pol.Ger.
Fr.
Sp.
GB
It.
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Hu. Ro.
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Gr.
G10)
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BN
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No.Sw.
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GB
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Allies Axis
1) Sept. 1939 – Poland invaded by first Hitler
and then Stalin.
Great Britain & France declare war on the Axis --
C. The War Begins – Events before U.S. Entry
but NOT on the Soviet Union.
USSR
Pol.Ger.
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G1)
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2) Sept-Apr. 1939-40 – The Phony War.
A state of war exists, but without any fighting.
“Sitzkrieg.”
C. The War Begins – Events before U.S. Entry
USSR
PoGer.
Fr.
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AMaginot Line2
)
l.
3) Nov. 1939 – Stalin begins an invasion of
Finland, the Baltic States and Romania.
C. The War Begins – Events before U.S. Entry
USSR
PoGer.
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3)l.
4) Apr. 1940 – Hitler invades Denmark and
Norway. To prevent a blockade and protect coal shipments from
Sweden.
C. The War Begins – Events before U.S. Entry
USSR
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4)
l.
n.
m.
Coal
5) May 1940 – Hitler conquers Benelux
countries and invades France.
Bypassing Maginot Line.
C. The War Begins – Events before U.S. Entry
USSR
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5)
• June 22, 1940 – France surrenders
to the Axis.
• June 10, 1940 – Mussolini joinsthe invasion.
FranceFalls
Vichy Franc
e
Dunkirk
Winston Churchill
Write a paragraph:
What happened at Dunkirk?
Email to: [email protected]
Subject: Your name, Dunkirk
Extra Credit Opportunity:
6) Summer 1940 – The Battle of Britain.
Battle for control of the skies over English Channel.
RAF v. Luftwaffe.
Operation Sea Lion.
C. The War Begins – Events before U.S. Entry
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BEnglishChannel
6)
Advantages of each air force:
Luftwaffe: 3x as many planes.
RAF: 1) Radar. 2) The “Ultra” Secret.
C. The War Begins – Events before U.S. Entry
Results of the Battle of Britain:
RAF posts a kill ratio of 2½:1.
Hitler postpones Sea Lion.
The Allies live to fight another day.
C. The War Begins – Events before U.S. Entry
7) Fall-Spring 1940-41 – Hitler conquers the Balkans. 3 countries officially join the Axis:
Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria.
Yugoslavia and Greece are invaded.
C. The War Begins – Events before U.S. Entry
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7)
8) June 1941 – Hitler invades the Soviet Union.
Operation Barbarossa.
Over 4 million soldiers on an 1800-mile-wide front.
C. The War Begins – Events before U.S. Entry
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8)
Hitler’sAtlantic Wall.
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USSRSR
USSR joinsthe Allies.
Hitler’sAtlantic Wall.
Japan’s motivation:Build an empire to exploit its labor,
resources, and markets. Name of Empire:
Greater East-Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere
Slogan:“Asia for Asians”
D. Events Leading to War in the Pacific
1) 1931 – Japan invades Manchuria.
Coal reserves.
D. Events Leading to War in the Pacific
The Pacific
Theater
Jap.Kor.
For.
1)
Coal
2) 1937 – Japan invades China.
Asia for Asians?
D. Events Leading to War in the Pacific
The Pacific
Theater
Jap.Kor.
For.
2)
Man.
Nanking
Write a paragraph:
What was the “Rape of Nanking”?
Email to: [email protected]
Subject: Your name, Nanking
Mandatory Assignment:
3) 1940 – Japan joins the Axis and invades French
Indochina. Why join the Axis?
1) Similar ideas about govt.2) Common enemies.
3) Axis is winning!
D. Events Leading to War in the Pacific
The Pacific
Theater
Jap.Kor.
For.
3) Axis!
Man.
China
GB
Fr.
Neth.
US
US
US
Aus.
GB
GB
GB
4) 1941 – U.S. moves to slow Japan’s momentum.
a) FDR moves West Coast naval fleet to Pearl Harbor.
D. Events Leading to War in the Pacific
b) Congress passes Lend-Lease Act.
FDR – “Arsenal of Democracy”
c) Trade embargo against Japan.
80% of oil.
D. Events Leading to War in the Pacific
The Pacific
Theater
Jap.Kor.
For.
4)
Man.
China
Indo.
Oil
D. Events Leading to War in the Pacific
• Gen. Hideki Tojo
• Oct. 1941 – Prime Minister
of Japan.
D. Events Leading to War in the Pacific
• Hirohito• Emperor of
Japanfrom 1926-89.
5) Dec. 7, 1941 – Japan bombs Pearl Harbor.
Why?
War with U.S. is inevitable. Strike a crippling blow.
D. Events Leading to War in the Pacific
Results?
≈2500 killed. 8 battleships sunk.
U.S. aircraft carriers survive.
Dec. 8, 1941 – U.S. declares war on the Axis Powers.
D. Events Leading to War in the Pacific
The Pacific
Theater
Jap.Kor.
For.
Man.
Chi na
5)
Indo.
The Pacific
Theater
Jap.
Kor.
For.
Man.
Chi na
Bur.
Indo.
E. Indies
US
Phil.
US
Aus.
Mal.
HK
N.
G.
Defend this statement:
1941 was the most important year of World War II.
D. Events Leading to War in the Pacific
AxisGerman
yItalyJapan
AlliesG.B., Fr.USSRU.S.
WWII – The “Second Half”mid-1942 thru 1945
USC
ND
1st 2nd
24
49 55
0 24
6
Final
Battle of Britain
(Allies)
(Axis)
1939-mid 1942
Vichy Franc
e
Calais
Ideology =
Competing Ideologies
a set of beliefs about how a society should be run.• Two components:
1) Government2) Economy
Government:
Competing Ideologies
1) Democracy =
Free elections, rule by law, protection for individual rights.
Government:
Competing Ideologies
2) Totalitarianism =
One party dictatorship, no ind. rights, use of violence and propaganda to control people.
Economy:
Competing Ideologies
1) Capitalism =
Free enterprise, private property, little or no government interference.
Economy:
Competing Ideologies
2) Communism =
Government control of business and property, equal distribution of wealth.
Ideology #1:
Competing Ideologies
Democracy and Capitalism.
U.S., Great Britain, France.
Ideology #2:
Competing Ideologies
Totalitarianism and Capitalism.
Germany, Italy and Japan.
Ideology #3:
Competing Ideologies
Totalitarianism and Communism.
The Soviet Union.
Democratic
Capitalism
Totalitarian
Capitalism
Totalitarian
Communism
U.S.,Britain, France
Germany,Italy,Japan
The Soviet Union
Democratic
Capitalism
Totalitarian
Communism
U.S.A.
U.S.S.R.
The Cold War
